Zingaphi Iibhonsi Ezizalwa Ngazo Kwaye Kutheni Banabantu Abangaphezu Kwabantu Abadala?

Umxholo

• Enza ntoni amathambo, phofu?
• Ukutshintsha kwethambo njengoko abantwana bekhula
• Yintoni indima yekhalsiyam kuko konke oku?
• Utshintsho lwamathambo alupheleli apho
• Masibe neenkcukacha zamathambo amnandi
• Iinyani zethambo
• Ukuthatha

Kunokuba nzima ukucinga xa ujonga usana oluncinci olusandul 'ukuzalwa, kodwa olo sana lunamathambo ajikeleze ama-300- kwaye loo mathambo ayakhula kwaye ayatshintsha yonke imihla.

Kwelinye icala, abantu abadala banamathambo angama-206, enza malunga neepesenti ezili-15 zomzimba wabo.

Lindela- ngaba sithethile nje ukuba iintsana zinamathambo angaphezulu kwekhulu kunabantu abadala? Inokwenzeka njani loo nto?

Ewe, nangona amathambo ebonakala ngathi aqinile kwaye aqinile, eneneni enziwe ngamathishu aphilayo kunye necalcium esoloko isakhiwa kwaye ilahlwa kubomi bakho bonke.

Masiqwalasele ngokusondeleyo ukuba oku kukuchaza njani ukungangqinelani phakathi kosana nawe.

Enza ntoni amathambo, phofu?

Uninzi lwamathambo lwenziwe ngamanqanaba aliqela eethishu:

• iperiosteum: inwebu eshinyeneyo kumphezulu wethambo
• indawo yokudibana: umaleko ogudileyo, onzima obonakalayo emathanjeni amathambo
• irhoxisiwe: Izicubu ezinje ngesiponji ngaphakathi kwethambo elihlangeneyo
• ummongo wethambo: Isiseko esifana nejeli samathambo esenza iiseli zegazi.

Inkqubo yokukhula kwethambo ibizwa ngokuba yi-ossification. Inene iqala malunga neveki yesibhozo yokuphuhliswa kombungu-intle kakhulu!

Nangona kunjalo, ekuzalweni, uninzi lwamathambo omntwana wakho enziwe ngokupheleleyo ngentlala, uhlobo lwethishu edibeneyo eqinile, kodwa eguqukayo. Amanye amathambo omncinci wakho enziwe nge-cartilage ukunceda ukugcina usana luhle kwaye, kwaye lula.

Olo bhetyebhetye luyimfuneko ukuze abantwana abakhulayo bakwazi ukugoba kwindawo evaliweyo yesibeleko ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ikwenza ukuba kube lula kumama nosana xa ilixesha lokuba umntwana enze uhambo olonwabisayo ngomjelo wokuzalwa ngexesha lokubeleka.

Ukutshintsha kwethambo njengoko abantwana bekhula

Njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula ebuntwaneni, uninzi lwaloo ntlala luya kutshintshwa yithambo langempela. Kodwa enye into eyenzekayo, ichaza ukuba kutheni amathambo angama-300 ekuzalweni aba ngamathambo angama-206 ebudaleni.

Uninzi lwamathambo omntwana wakho luya kudibana kunye, oko kuthetha ukuba elona nani lamathambo liya kuncipha. Isithuba esahlula isiphelo samathambo amabini athi ekugqibeleni afake i-fuse ikwayintlala, njengezicubu onazo kwincam yempumlo.

Ukuhlangana kwamathambo kwenzeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Unokuqaphela ukuba kukho indawo enye okanye nangaphezulu ethambileyo phakathi kwamathambo kwikhakhayi lomntwana wakho. Ezi "ndawo zithambileyo" zinokude zikukhathaze kancinci, kodwa ziqhelekile ngokugqibeleleyo. Babizwa ngokuba zii-fontanelles, kwaye baya kuthi ekugqibeleni bavale njengoko amathambo ekhula kunye.

Ukutshintsha i-cartilage ngethambo elixutywe kuqala xa imithambo yegazi encinci-ebizwa ngokuba yi-capillaries-ihambisa igazi elinezityebi kwi-osteoblasts, iiseli ezenza amathambo. I-Osteoblasts yenza ithambo eligubungela i-cartilage ekuqaleni kwaye ekugqibeleni liyitshintshe.

Emva koko, ukukhula kwethambo ebantwaneni kwenzeka kwiiphelo zamathambo amaninzi, aneeplati zokukhula. Isicwili esikhulayo kwipleyiti nganye simisela ubungakanani bokugqibela kunye nokumila kwethambo. Xa umntu eyeka ukukhula, iipleyiti zokukhula ziyavaleka.

Amacwecwe okukhula abuthathaka kunezinye iinxalenye zamathambo omntwana wakho, kwaye ngenxa yoko asengozini yokwaphuka kunye nokunye ukulimala. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuwa kwebhayisikile kunokumfaka umntwana wakho kwisamente, ngelixa ungathatha ukuwa okufanayo kwaye ube nokutyumka-mhlawumbi emzimbeni wakho nakwi-ego yakho.

Yintoni indima yekhalsiyam kuko konke oku?

I-calcium iyiminerali ebalulekileyo ekwakheni izicubu zethambo ezintsha. Itholakala kubisi lwebele kunye nefomula. Kwaye ukuba umntwana wakho uyamelana nokutya imifuno enamagqabi kamva, mkhumbuze ukuba ikhalsiyam efumaneka kule mifuno (kunye nakwiimveliso zobisi) iyamnceda ukuba akhule.

Utshintsho lwamathambo alupheleli apho

Ngabantu abadala, ukuxubana kwamathambo kunye nokukhula kwethambo kuyekile. Amathambo abantu abadala omelele kakhulu, kodwa alula. Kwaye ngoku ukuba unamathambo akho angama-206, konke kulungile, akunjalo?

Ewe akunjalo. Ngelixa zibonakala zomelele kwaye zingatshintshi, amathambo ahlala eqhubeka nenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba kulungiswa kwakhona. (Kodwa kuyinyani ukuba inani lamathambo onalo ngekhe litshintshe emva kweli nqaku.)

Ukulungiswa kwakhona kubandakanya ukwenziwa kwethambo elitsha kunye nokonakala kwethambo elidala kwi-calcium kunye nezinye iiminerali, ezikhutshelwa kwigazi. Le nkqubo yaziwa njenge-resorption, kwaye yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye esempilweni yokusebenza kwethambo-enyanisweni, yenzeka ebomini. Kodwa ebantwaneni, ukubunjwa kwethambo elitsha kudlula ukubuyisela kwakhona.

Kukho izinto ezinokukhawulezisa ukulahleka kwethambo. Oku kubandakanya:

• utshintsho lwehomoni olunxulunyaniswa nokuyeka ukuya exesheni
• Ukusela kakhulu utywala
• ukwaluphala

Eyona meko ixhaphakileyo echaphazela ukulahleka kwethambo yi-osteoporosis, ebangela ukuba amathambo aphulukane nobunzima bawo kwaye abe sesichengeni sokwaphuka.

Masibe neenkcukacha zamathambo amnandi

Isakhelo samathambo kunye namalungu emzimbeni womntu zombini anzima kwaye anomdla-njengawe. Amathambo alingana ngokudibeneyo njengephazili enkulu, kwaye axhomekeke kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemisipha ukuhamba kumalungu ukusuka entanyeni nasemhlathini ukuya ezenzwaneni.

Iinyani zethambo

• Ilungu lomzimba elinamathambo amaninzi sisandla. Yenziwe yinto.
• Uninzi lweeseli ezibomvu nezimhlophe zegazi emzimbeni zenziwe kumongo wethambo.
• I-femur, ebekwe ethangeni, lelona thambo lide emzimbeni.
• Iistape, ithambo elimile okomqolo elikwindlebe, lelona thambo lincinci lomzimba.
• Amathambo agcina malunga neepesenti ezingama-99 zekhalsiyam emzimbeni wakho kwaye zenziwe malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zamanzi.
• Amathambo akho atshintsha indawo kuyo yonke iminyaka eli-10 okanye njalo ngokulungisa. Kufana nokulungisa ikhitshi lakho, ngaphandle kokuba entsha ijongeka ifana naleya yakudala.
• Zimbini iintlobo zamathambo: i-cortical, uhlobo olunzima olucinga ngalo xa ubona umfanekiso wamathambo, no-trabecular, athambileyo kunye nesiponji kwaye ahlala efumaneka ngaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu.
• Amanye amathambo ayilelwe ukumelana namaxesha amabini okanye amathathu ubunzima bomzimba wakho.
• Izicubu ze-Cartilage azinakho ukunikezelwa kwegazi rhoqo kwaye azihlaziyi, ngenxa yoko ukwenzakala kwe-cartilage kuhlala kusisigxina. Ngethamsanqa, nazo aziqhelekanga.

Ukuthatha

Inkqubo yokukhula kwethambo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwabantwana yinto ephawulekayo. Kwaye ukuqinisekisa ukuba amathambo omntwana wakho ahlala esempilweni kwiminyaka ezayo, kubalulekile ukudlulisa izifundo ezithile ezibalulekileyo. Phakathi kwabo:

• Fumana i-calcium eyaneleyo ekudleni komntwana wakho (kunye neyakho, nayo). Umzimba awenzi calcium, yiyo yonke ikhalsiyam oyifunayo kufuneka isetyenziswe ekutyeni okanye kwizongezo. Ukutya okunempilo okune-calcium eninzi kubandakanya iimveliso zobisi ezinamafutha asezantsi (ubisi, itshizi, iyogathi), iimbewu, iiamangile, iimbotyi ezimhlophe, kunye nemifuno enamagqabi, enje ngesipinatshi kunye nemifuno yekhola.
• Yenza umthambo othwala ubunzima, njengokuhamba okanye ukuphakamisa iintsimbi, inxenye yesiqhelo sakho sokuzilolonga okanye into eyonwabisayo yosapho. Ukuzivocavoca okuvavanya ngokukhuselekileyo amathambo akho kunye nezihlunu kunokunceda ukukhuthaza impilo yethambo ebudaleni - kodwa akukaze kube kudala ukuqala ukucinga ngale nto!
• Qinisekisa ukuba ufumana i-vitamin D eyaneleyo ekudleni kwakho okanye ngokusebenzisa izongezelelo. I-Vitamin D inceda umzimba wakho uthathe i-calcium. Ukufumana iiprotheyini ezaneleyo kubalulekile kumathambo exesha elide kunye namandla emisipha. Ukuba umntwana wakho uyakothusa ngokubhengeza ukutya kwabo imifuno kwangoko, qiniseka ukuba bayayazi imithombo elungileyo yeprotini ngaphandle kwenyama. (Kwaye soloko uthetha nogqirha wabantwana malunga notshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo.)