Ingakanani iswekile ebhiya?

Umxholo

• Inkqubo yokusela
• Ubunzima beBhiya
• Ale vs lager
• Umxholo weswekile kwibhiya
• Singakanani iswekile kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhiya?
• Ubhiya kunye neswekile yegazi
• Umgca wezantsi

Ngelixa utywala obuthandayo bunokuba nezithako ezongezelelekileyo, ibhiya ngokubanzi yenziwe ngeenkozo, iziqholo, imvubelo kunye namanzi.

Nangona iswekile ingafakwanga kuluhlu, kubalulekile ukuvelisa utywala.

Kananjalo, usenokuzibuza ukuba ingaba ikhona na iswekile kwibhiya kunye nokuba iqulethe malini.

Eli nqaku liphonononga umxholo weswekile webhiya.

Inkqubo yokusela

Ukwazi ukuba ingakanani iswekile kwibhiya, kufuneka kuqala uqonde ukuba yenziwa njani ibhiya.

Eyona nto iphambili kwibhiya ziinkozo, iziqholo, igwele kunye namanzi. Irhasi nengqolowa zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ngelixa iihops zisebenza njengeyona spice iphambili.

Inkqubo yokupheka inala manyathelo alandelayo ():

1. Malting. Eli nyathelo livumela ukuhluma okusanhlamvu okulawulwayo. Eli linyathelo eliphambili, kuba ukuhluma kunceda ukwahlula isitatshi esigciniweyo kwiswekile enesifo- ikakhulu imaltose.
2. Ukuxhuzula. Ukuxubha yinkqubo yokosa, ukugaya, kunye nokuntywila iinkozo ezintshuliweyo emanzini ashushu. Isiphumo lulwelo oluqulathe iswekile ekuthiwa liwort.
3. Ukubilisa. Ngeli nqanaba, iihops okanye ezinye iziqholo ziyongezwa. I-wort emva koko ipholile kwaye icocwe ukuze kuphele intsalela yezityalo kunye nenkunkuma.
4. Ukuvumba. Okwangoku, igwele liyongezwa kwi-wort ukuyibilisa, eguqula iswekile ibe butywala kunye nekhabhon diokside.
5. Ukuqola. Eli linyathelo lokugqibela lokupheka, apho kugcinwa khona ibhiya kwaye ishiywe kubudala.

Njengoko ubona, iswekile yinto ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ibhiya.

Nangona kunjalo, ayongezwa njengesithako. Endaweni yoko, ivela ekusetyenzisweni kweenkozo kwaye emva koko ibiliswe ligwele ukuvelisa utywala.

Iswekile iyimfuneko kwinkqubo yokupheka ibhiya, kodwa ayongezwa njengesithako. Endaweni yoko, ivela ekuntshuleni kweenkozo.

Ubunzima beBhiya

Umxhuzulane webhiya ubhekisa kubunzulu bewort ngokumalunga namanqanaba ngamanqanaba okubila, kwaye ubukhulu becala kumiselwe ngumxholo weswekile.

I-wort ene-sugar concentration ephezulu ibizwa ngokuba yi-high gravity wort.

Njengokuba igwele libilisa iwort, umxholo weswekile uyancipha ngelixa umthamo wawo wotywala usonyuka, ethi yona iyehlise ubunzima bayo kwaye ibangele ibhiya enomxholo otywala kakhulu ().

Ke ngoko, iibhiya zinomxhuzulane wokuqala nowokugqibela, kwaye umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini ubonakalisa inani leswekile eliguqulwe laba butywala.

Ale vs lager

Zombini ii-ales kunye neelagers ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zeebhiya, kwaye umahluko wazo ophambili lusuku lwegwele olusetyenziselwa ukuphunga.

Iibhiya ze-Ale zenziwa kunye Saccharomyces cerevisiae iintlobo, ngelixa iibhiya zisebenzisa Saccharomyces pastorianus ().

Iigwele zebhiya zisebenza ngokukuko xa kufikwa ekubiliseni iswekile ().

Okwangoku, izinto ezininzi zichaphazela ukusebenza kwegwele, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu kunye nokunyuka kotywala. Nje ukuba umxholo wotywala uphezulu kakhulu kubo ukuba baphile, ukubila kuyayeka ().

Ngelixa zombini ezi ntlobo zintathu zivelisa utywala njengemveliso yokuphela, igwele le-ale linokunyamezelana notywala okuphezulu kune-lager-ethetha ukuba banokuphila kwiindawo ezinotywala eziphezulu (,,).

Ke ngoko, ii-ales ngokubanzi zinomxholo ophezulu wotywala kunye nomxholo weswekile esezantsi.

Umxhuzulane webhiya ubonakalisa isixa seswekile kwibhiya. Njengokuba igwele libilisa iswekile, umxhuzulane webhiya uyehla, kwaye nomxholo wawo otywala uyanda. Iintlobo zegwele ezisetyenziswa kwii-ales zinokunyamezelana notywala okuphezulu. Ke, umxholo wabo osele ushukela uhlala uphantsi.

Umxholo weswekile kwibhiya

Iswekile ziziikhabhathi. Ngapha koko, iswekile lelona candelo lisisiseko leecarbs.

Ulwakhiwo, ii-carbs zahlulwe zangumongo-, di-, oligo-, kunye ne-polysaccharides, kuxhomekeka ekubeni ingaba ikhompawundi ine-1, 2, 3-10, okanye ngaphezulu kwe-10 iimolekyuli zeswekile, ngokulandelelana ().

Uhlobo oluphambili lweBhiya lweswekile yi-maltose, eyenziwe ngeemolekyuli ezimbini zeswekile. Ngenxa yoko, ihlelwa njenge disaccharide - uhlobo lweswekile elula.

Nangona kunjalo, i-maltose kunye nezinye iishukela ezilula ziquka kuphela i-80% yomxholo weshukela ovuthiweyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-20% eseleyo iqulethe ii-oligosaccharides, ezingafakwanga ligwele (,).

Okwangoku, umzimba wakho awunako ukwetyisa ii-oligosaccharides nokuba, ke zithathwa njengezingenazikhalori endaweni yoko zisebenza njengeentsinga ze-prebiotic, okanye ukutya kwegciwane lakho ().

Ke ngoko, ngelixa ibhiya inexabiso elifanelekileyo leecarbs, umxholo weswekile uhlala usezantsi.

Umxholo weswekile yebhiya ubandakanya iipesenti ezingama-80 zeswekile kunye nama-oligosaccharides angama-20%. Igwele alikwazi ukugaya ii-oligosaccharides, kodwa nomzimba wakho awunako. Ke, umxholo weswekile wokugqibela usenokuba usezantsi kakhulu.

Singakanani iswekile kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhiya?

Njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, umxholo weswekile yebhiya usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kumxhuzulane wawo wokuqala nohlobo lwesixokelelwano segwele esisetyenziselwa ukulibilisa.

Nangona kunjalo, abavelisi bebhiya banokubandakanya ezinye izithako ezineswekile kwiiresiphi zabo, ezinje ngobusi kunye nesiraphu yengqolowa, ukunika ibhiya yabo incasa eyahlukileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, imigaqo yokulebhelisha iziselo ezinxilisayo eUnited States ayifuni ukuba abavelisi baxele umxholo weswekile kwiimveliso zabo (10, 11).

Ngelixa abanye bethetha umxholo we-carb, uninzi lwabo luxela kuphela umxholo wabo wotywala. Ke, ukumisela ukuba ingakanani iswekile oyithandayo ibinokuba ngumsebenzi onzima.

Okwangoku, olu luhlu lulandelayo lubandakanya iswekile kunye nesiqulatho se-carb esifumaneka kwii-ounces ezili-12 (355 ml) zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhiya, kunye nezinye zeemveliso ezithandwayo (,,, 15, 16,,, 19):

• Ibhiya rhoqo: 12.8 iigram ze-carbs, i-0 gram yeswekile
• Ibhiya elula: 5.9 iigram ze-carbs, i-0.3 gram yeswekile
• Ubhiya weCarb ophantsi: 2.6 iigram ze-carbs, i-0 gram yeswekile
• Ibhiya engengotywala: Iigram ezingama-28.5 ze-carbs, i-28.5 gram yeswekile
• Ubomi obuPhakamileyo beMiller: 12.2 amagremu e-carbs, 0 iigrem zeswekile
• UMiller Lite: 3.2 iigram ze-carbs, i-0 gram yeswekile
• Isidlo seKhosi: 11.7 iigrem ze-carbs, i-0 gram yeswekile
• Ukukhanya kweCoors: Iigram ezi-5 zee-carbs, i-1 gram yeswekile
• Amashishini angengotywala: 12.2 iigrem ze-carbs, i-8 gram yeswekile
• UHeineken: I-11.4 gram yee-carbs, i-0 gram yeswekile
• Budweiser: 10.6 iigram ze-carbs, i-0 gram yeswekile
• Ukukhanya koBud: 4.6 iigram ze-carbs, i-0 gram yeswekile
• Ibhasi: 6.9 iigram ze-carbs, akukho shukela lichaziweyo
• Ukukhanya kweBusch: I-3.2 gram yee-carbs, akukho swekile ichaziweyo

Njengoko ubona, iibhiya ezilula ziphakame kancinci kwiswekile kuneebhiya eziqhelekileyo. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yomahluko kwinkqubo yazo yokubila.

Iibhiya ezikhanyayo ziveliswa ngokudibanisa i-glucoamylase kwi-wort-i-enzyme eqhekeza intsalela kwaye iyiguqule iswekile. Oku kunciphisa zombini ikhalori kunye notywala kwimixholo yebhiya ().

Ukongeza, kuba akukho nanye iswekile ye-wort eguqulwa ibe butywala kwiibhiya ezingezizo ezinxilisayo, ezi zinomxholo ophezulu weswekile.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ngelixa umxholo weswekile webhiya unokuba sezantsi, iibhiya eziqhelekileyo zisengumthombo weecarbs, ezinokuthi zichaphazele amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

Ngapha koko, nangaphandle kweswekile exeliweyo, umxholo wotywala obusengowona mthombo ubalulekileyo weekhalori.

Iibhiya eziqhelekileyo zihlala zingenashukela, kwaye iibhiya ezilula zinika ingxelo engafakwanga gram nganye ngekani. Nangona kunjalo, iibhiya ezingezizo ezinotywala zinomxholo ophezulu weswekile kuzo zonke.

Ubhiya kunye neswekile yegazi

Ngelixa ibhiya isenokungabinayo iswekile engako emva koko, sisiselo esinxilisayo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, inokuhlisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

Utywala bonakalisa iswekile yemetabolism ngokuthintela i-gluconeogenesis kunye ne-glycogenolysis-ukuveliswa komzimba kunye nokonakala kweswekile egciniweyo, ngokulandelelana-ezifunekayo ukugcina ukulinganisela kweswekile yegazi (21,).

Ke ngoko, ukungenisa kwayo kunokubangela i-hypoglycemia, okanye amanqanaba eswekile esezantsi egazi, yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba uyisebenzise ngesidlo esine-carb.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ityiwa kunye nee-carbs ezilula eziphakamisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ngokukhawuleza, zinokukhokelela kwimpendulo eyandayo ye-insulin, ibangele kwakhona kwi-hypoglycemia (21,).

Ukongeza, utywala bunokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwamayeza e-hypoglycemic (21).

Ngelixa ibhiya inokuba neswekile esezantsi, njengesiselo esinxilisayo, inokukhokelela kwizinga leswekile esezantsi yegazi.

Umgca wezantsi

Iswekile yeyona nto iphambili ekuphekeni ibhiya, njengoko sisondlo apho igwele livelisa utywala.

Ngelixa izinto ezimbalwa zichaphazela amandla egwele okuguqula iswekile ibe butywala, kuyasebenza kakhulu ekwenzeni oko. Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kweentlobo ezingezizo ezinxilisayo, ibhiya ithanda ukuba neswekile esezantsi.

Okwangoku, gcinani engqondweni ukuba iziselo ezinxilisayo zinokwehlisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

Kwaye kunye nokuthintela iziphumo ezingalunganga zempilo, kuya kufuneka usele utywala ngokumodareyitha, okuchazwa njengekho ngaphezulu kwesinye kunye neziselo eziqhelekileyo ngemini yabasetyhini kunye namadoda, ngokulandelelana ().