Usulelo lwemiphunga: yintoni, izizathu eziphambili kunye neentlobo

Umxholo

• Unobangela wosulelo lwemiphunga
• Ezona ntlobo zingundoqo zosulelo lwemiphunga
• 1. Inyumoniya
• 2. IBronchitis
• 3. IBronchiolitis
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Usuleleko lwemiphunga, ekwabizwa ngokuba lusulelo olusisifo sokuphefumla, lwenzeka xa uhlobo oluthile lokungunda, intsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya inokuphindaphindeka emiphungeni, ibangele ukudumba kwaye kukhokelele ekubonakaleni kweempawu ezithile ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, phlegm kunye nokuphefumla nzima, umzekelo. Kuxhomekeka kwindawo echaphazelekayo emiphungeni kunye neempawu, usulelo lwemiphunga lungohlulwa lube ziindidi ezininzi, ezona zixhaphake kakhulu yinyumoniya, i-bronchitis kunye ne-bronchiolitis.

Nanini na xa kukho urhano lokosuleleka emiphungeni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisana nogqirha wemiphunga, ugqirha jikelele, ugqirha wabantwana okanye uye kwiziko lempilo okanye kwiyunithi yongxamiseko, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokuqalisa olona nyango lufanelekileyo, olunokubandakanya sebenzisa ii-antibiotics, ukuhlala esibhedlele okanye ukuphumla nje. Jonga ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zosulelo lwemiphunga.

Unobangela wosulelo lwemiphunga

Usulelo lwemiphunga lunokubangelwa kukungunda, iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya ezingangena emzimbeni ngokuphefumla amathontsi okuphefumla akhutshwa xa ukhohlela, uthimla okanye uthetha kubantu abosuleleke zezi ntsholongwane.

I-fungi ngokwendalo ifunyanwa ixhonyiwe emoyeni kwaye ihlala inqwenela emzimbeni, nangona kunjalo kunqabile ukuba ikhokelele ekubonakaleni kweempawu kunye neempawu kunye nophuhliso lwezifo, kuba zinokulwa ngokulula ngumzimba ngokwawo. Nangona kunjalo, xa amajoni omzimba ebuthathaka ngenxa yokugula okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, kunokubakho ukukhula kwezifo zokuphefumla ezibangelwa ngumngundo.

Usulelo lwemiphunga lwenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yeentsholongwane, ezinje nge IStreptococcus pneumoniae kwaye IBordetella pertussis, kunye nezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba uchaze unobangela wonyango olululo.

Ezona ntlobo zingundoqo zosulelo lwemiphunga

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zentsholongwane emiphungeni, enokubangela izizathu ezahlukeneyo:

1. Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia yenzeka xa kukho ukudumba kwemiphunga i-parenchyma, eludonga lwemiphunga inoxanduva lokutshintsha ioksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside. Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo bolu hlobo losulelo ziintsholongwane zohlobo IStreptococcus pneumoniae, iHaemophilus influenzae kunye neMycoplasma pneumoniae, kunye neentsholongwane, njengomkhuhlane.

Xa inyumoniya ikhula, ezona mpawu zakudala ngumkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-38ºC, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukukhohlela, iintlungu esifubeni kunye ne-phlegm eluhlaza okanye enegazi. Funda ngakumbi malunga nenyumoniya kunye nendlela yokuyinyanga.

2. IBronchitis

I-Bronchitis kukukrala kwe-bronchi, eyimijelo efumana umoya emiphungeni. Unobangela oqhelekileyo wolu hlobo losulelo yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane, kodwa inokwenzeka ngenxa yosulelo lweentsholongwane ezinje Mycoplasma pneumoniae, I-Chlamydia pneumoniae okanye IBordetella pertussis.

Kwi-bronchitis, i-fever ayisoloko ikhona kwaye i-phlegm imhlophe okanye imthubi. Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya ingxolo xa uphefumla, ukhohlela rhoqo nokudinwa. Bona ezinye iimpawu zebronchitis.

3. IBronchiolitis

I-Bronchiolitis ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, ebonakaliswa kukudumba kwe-bronchioles, engoyena mxinwa umncinci kwinkqubo yokuphefumla kunye nokufumana umoya kwi-bronchi. Unobangela ophambili wosuleleko ziintsholongwane, ngakumbi intsholongwane yokuphefumla.

Iimpawu ezinokukhokelela ekukrokrelenini i-bronchiolitis zibandakanya ukuvutha xa uphefumla, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukuvula impumlo xa uphefumla kunye nokunyuka kokucaphuka nokudinwa. Khangela indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga i-bronchiolitis.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwentsholongwane yemiphunga, kucetyiswa ukuba udibane ne-pulmonologist ukwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, ngaphezu kweemviwo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana negazi kunye nesifuba se-X-ray, umzekelo.

Emva kokwenza uxilongo, unyango luqala, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uchonge i-arhente ebangela usulelo ukuze ufumane eyona ndlela yokunyanga, kwaye oku kunokufezekiswa ngohlalutyo lwe-microbiological yesikhohlela.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango losulelo lwe-pulmonary lwenziwa ngamachiza asebenza ngokuthe ngqo ngokuchasene ne-causative agent, enje ngee-antibiotics, ii-antifungals okanye ii-antivirals, umzekelo. Unokusebenzisa amayeza eentlungu kunye nokunciphisa umkhuhlane.

Ukuncedisa unyango, ugqirha unokucebisa kwakhona i-physiotherapy yokuphefumula, eyenziwa ngokuzivocavoca ukuphefumula kunye nezixhobo ezincinci ezivumela ukukhutshwa kwemiphunga kupheliswe, kuzisa ukukhululeka kwiimpawu. Ukongeza, ukutya okusempilweni kunye ne-hydration elungileyo nazo zibalulekile kwixesha lokufumana kwakhona kwaye kunyango losulelo lwemiphunga.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, apho kungekho phuculo emva kokuqala unyango, okanye xa umntu enesifo somzimba esenza ukuba amajoni omzimba abe buthathaka ngakumbi, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba angeniswe esibhedlele.