Ukuphazamiseka okungapheliyo kweziqhushumbisi

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Yintoni ebangela oko kwaye ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Inyangwa njani?
• Unyango
• Amayeza
• Olunye unyango
• Zeziphi iingxaki?
• Uthintelo lokuzibulala
  
• Jonga ugqirha wezempilo

Yintoni ukuphazamiseka kweziqhushumbisi?

Ukuphazamiseka kwesiqhushumbisi (IED) yimeko ebandakanya ukugqabhuka komsindo, ubundlongondlongo, okanye ubundlobongela. Ezi mpendulo zihlala zingenangqondo okanye zingahambelani nemeko.

Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu luphulukana nomsindo kube kanye ngexeshana, i-IED ibandakanya ukuphindaphindeka. Abantu abane-IED banokuphosa umsindo, batshabalalise ipropathi, okanye bahlasele abanye ngamazwi okanye ngokwasemzimbeni.

Funda ukuze ufunde iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-IED.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Iziqendu ezingxamisekileyo, ezinobundlongondlongo ezibonakalisa i-IED zinokuthatha iindlela ezininzi. Ezinye zeendlela zokuziphatha ezinokuba ziimpawu ze-IED zibandakanya:

• ukukhwaza nokukhwaza
• iingxabano ezinzulu
• umsindo kunye neempuku
• izoyikiso
• umsindo wendlela
• Ukubetha iindonga okanye ukuqhekeka iipleyiti
• ukonakalisa ipropathi
• ubundlobongela, njengokuqhwaba ngempama okanye ukutyhalwa
• imilo okanye iingxabano
• udlama lasekhaya
• ukubetha

Oku kupela okanye uhlaselo kuhlala kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesilumkiso esincinci. Baphila ixesha elifutshane, kunqabile ukuba bahlale ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seyure. Banokubonakala ecaleni kweempawu ezibonakalayo, ezinje:

• ukwanda kwamandla (i-adrenaline rush)
• intloko okanye uxinzelelo lwentloko
• ukubetha kwentliziyo
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• uxinzelelo lwezihlunu
• ukurhawuzelela
• ukungcangcazela

Iimvakalelo zokucaphuka, umsindo, kunye nelahleko kulawulo zixelwa rhoqo ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lesiqendu. Abantu abane-IED banokuba namava okubaleka okanye imvakalelo yokuziva ukhululekile. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, banokuziva bediniwe okanye bakhululekile. Abantu abane-IED bahlala bexela iimvakalelo zokuzisola okanye zokuziva benetyala emva kwesiqendu.

Abanye abantu abane-IED, ezi ziqendu zenzeka rhoqo. Kwabanye, zenzeka emva kweeveki- okanye iinyanga-ezinde zokungaziphathi kakuhle. Ukugqabhuka ngamazwi kunokwenzeka phakathi kwezenzo zobundlobongela ngokwasemzimbeni.

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Ushicilelo olutsha lweNcwadi yokuNxilonga kunye neNcwadi yeNkcukacha-manani (i-DSM-5) ibandakanya iikhrayitheriya zokuqonda isifo kwi-IED. Iikhrayitheriya ezintsha zahlula phakathi:

• Iziqendu ezenzeka rhoqo zobundlongondlongo ngaphandle kokwenzakalisa abantu okanye ipropathi
• ukungaziphathi rhoqo izenzo zokutshabalalisa okanye ukubetha ezibanga ukwenzakala okukhulu ebantwini okanye kwipropathi

Ukuphazamiseka okubonakaliswa kukungxamiseka kunye nokuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo kuye kwavela kulo lonke uhlelo lweDSM. Nangona kunjalo, yabizwa okokuqala ngokuba yi-IED kuhlelo lwesithathu. Ngaphambi koshicilelo lwesithathu, bekukholeleka ukuba kunqabile. Ngeendlela ezihlaziyiweyo zokuqonda isifo kunye nenkqubela phambili kuphando lwe-IED, ngoku kukholelwa ukuba yinto exhaphake kakhulu.

Ngo-2005, kwafunyanwa ukuba i-6.3 yeepesenti yabantu abayi-1,300 abafuna ukhathalelo lomcimbi wezempilo yengqondo bahlangabezana neekhrayitheriya zeDSM-5 IED ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Ukongeza, iipesenti ezi-3.1 zahlangabezana neemfuno zokuchongwa kwangoku.

Umntu we-9,282 osuka kwi-2006 wafumanisa ukuba i-7.3 yeepesenti yahlangabezana neekhrayitheriya ze-DSM-5 ze-IED ngaxa lithile ebomini babo, ngelixa iipesenti ezi-3.9 zahlangabezana neenqobo zokugweba kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo.

Yintoni ebangela oko kwaye ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga nonobangela we-IED. Isizathu kunokwenzeka ukuba indibaniselwano yemfuza kunye nemeko yokusingqongileyo. Izinto zofuzo zibandakanya iintlobo zemfuza ezisuka kumzali ziye kumntwana. Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo zibandakanya indlela umntu aziphatha ngayo njengomntwana.

I-chemistry yobuchopho nayo inokudlala indima. Izifundo zicebisa ukuba ukuphindaphinda okungxamisekileyo kunye nokuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo kunxulunyaniswa namanqanaba asezantsi e-serotonin kwingqondo.

Unokuba semngciphekweni okhulayo we-IED ukuba:

• yindoda
• bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40
• Ukhulele kwikhaya elixhaphazayo
• wehlelwa ziziganeko ezibuhlungu ezininzi njengomntwana
• unesinye isifo sengqondo esibangela ukungxamiseka okanye ukungaziphathi kakuhle, njengoku:
  • Ingqwalaselo-yokusilela kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ADHD)
  • Ukuphazamiseka kubuntu
  • Ukuphazamiseka kubuntu obunemida

Inyangwa njani?

Kukho inani lonyango lwe-IED. Uninzi lwexesha, kusetyenziswa unyango olungaphezulu kwesinye.

Unyango

Ukubona umcebisi, ugqirha wezengqondo, okanye ugqirha yedwa okanye kuseto lweqela kunokunceda umntu aphathe iimpawu ze-IED.

Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) luhlobo lonyango olubandakanya ukuchonga iipateni eziyingozi kunye nokusebenzisa izakhono zokulwa, iindlela zokuphumla, kunye nokubuyela umva kwimfundo ukuze ujongane neempembelelo ezinobundlongondlongo.

Uphononongo olwenziwe ngo-2008 lwafumanisa ukuba iiveki ezili-12 zomntu okanye iqela le-CBT linciphise iimpawu ze-IED kubandakanya ubundlongondlongo, ukulawula umsindo kunye nobutshaba. Oku kuyinyani kokubini ngexesha lonyango nasemva kweenyanga ezintathu.

Amayeza

Akukho machiza athile e-IED, kodwa amayeza athile anokunceda ukunciphisa ukungxamiseka okanye ubundlongondlongo. Oku kubandakanya:

• i-antidepressants, ngakumbi i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiweyo
• izinto ezizinzileyo, kubandakanya i-lithium, i-valproic acid, kunye ne-carbamazepine
• iziyobisi ezichasayo
• iziyobisi ezichasayo

Uphando ngamayeza e-IED lilinganiselwe. Uphononongo olwenziwe ngo-2009 lwafumanisa ukuba i-SSRI fluoxetine, eyaziwa njengegama layo lophawu lweProzac, inciphise isimilo esingalawulekiyo phakathi kwabantu abane-IED.

Kungathatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu zonyango ukufumana iziphumo ezizeleyo ze-SSRIs, kwaye iimpawu zihlala zivele nje xa iyeza limisiwe. Ukongeza, ayinguye wonke umntu ophendula kumayeza.

Olunye unyango

Zimbalwa izifundo ezivavanye ukusebenza kwezinye iindlela zonyango kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ye-IED. Okwangoku, kukho inani longenelelo olungenakuba nefuthe elibi. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• ukwamkela ukutya okunezondlo
• ukulala ngokwaneleyo
• ukuhlala usebenza
• ukuphepha utywala, iziyobisi kunye necuba
• ukunciphisa nokulawula imithombo yoxinzelelo
• ukwenza ixesha lokuzihlaziya, njengokumamela umculo
• ukuziqhelanisa nokucamngca okanye ezinye iindlela zokucinga
• ukuzama ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezinje nge-acupressure, i-acupuncture, okanye i-massage

Zeziphi iingxaki?

IED inokuchaphazela ubudlelwane bakho obusondeleyo kunye nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ukuphikisana rhoqo kunye nokuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukugcina ubudlelwane obuzinzileyo kunye nenkxaso. Iziqendu ze-IED zinokubangela ingozi enkulu kwiintsapho.

Unokufumana iziphumo emva kokuziphatha gadalala emsebenzini, esikolweni, okanye endleleni. Ukuphulukana nomsebenzi, ukugxothwa esikolweni, iingozi zeemoto, kunye neziphumo zemali kunye nezomthetho zonke iingxaki ezinokubakho.

Abantu abane-IED basemngciphekweni owandayo wokuba neminye imiba yezempilo yengqondo nengokwasemzimbeni. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• ukudakumba
• ixhala
• I-ADHD
• ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala okanye iziyobisi
• ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi okanye ezingxamisekileyo, ezinje ngengxaki yokungcakaza okanye isondo esingakhuselekanga
• iingxaki zokutya
• intloko engapheliyo
• igazi elonyukayo
• isifo seswekile
• isifo sentliziyo
• ukubetha
• iintlungu ezingapheliyo
• izilonda
• ukuzenzakalisa nokuzibulala

Uthintelo lokuzibulala

1. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu usemngciphekweni wokuzenzakalisa okanye wenzakalise omnye umntu:
2. • Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni.
3. • Hlala naloo mntu de kufike uncedo.
4. • Susa nayiphi na imipu, iimela, amayeza, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ingozi.
5. • Mamela, kodwa musa ukugweba, ukuphikisa, ukugrogrisa, okanye ukukhwaza.
6. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ucinga ngokuzibulala, fumana uncedo kwingxaki okanye kumnxeba wokukhusela ukuzibulala. Zama iNqanaba lokuSebenza lokuThintela ukuzibulala ku-800-273-8255.

Jonga ugqirha wezempilo

Uninzi lwabantu abane-IED abalufuni unyango. Kodwa phantse akunakwenzeka ukuthintela iziqendu ze-IED ngaphandle koncedo lobungcali.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-IED, yenza idinga nogqirha okanye nenye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo. Ukuba uziva ungazenzakalisa okanye wenzakalise omnye umntu, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 kwangoko.

Ukuba uthandana nomntu okrokrela ukuba une-IED, ungacela umntu omthandayo afune uncedo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho siqinisekiso sokuba baya kuyenza. I-IED akufuneki isetyenziswe njengesizathu sokuziphatha gwenxa okanye ubundlobongela kuwe.

Yenza ukukhusela wena kunye nabantwana bakho kuqala. Funda ngendlela yokulungiselela imeko kaxakeka kwaye ufumane uncedo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwiNombolo yeSizwe yoBundlobongela baseKhaya kwa-800-799-SAFE (800-799-7233) okanye undwendwele iwebhusayithi yabo.