Ngaba umhlaza wesinyi ubaleka kwiintsapho?

Umxholo

• Oonobangela
• Imiba yomngcipheko
• Iziganeko
• Iimpawu
• Uvavanyo lomhlaza wesinyi
• Iinkqubo zovavanyo
• Unyango
• Imbonakalo
• Amanyathelo alandelayo

Zininzi iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokuchaphazela isinyi. Kuyinto engaqhelekanga ukuba umhlaza wesinyi usebenze kwiintsapho, kodwa ezinye iintlobo zinokuba nelifa lokuzalwa.

Ukuba nelungu elinye okanye amalungu osapho akufutshane anomhlaza wesinyi akuthethi ukuba uyakufumana esi sifo. Nangona i-genetics ingadlala indima, ezinye izinto ezichaphazela umngcipheko, njengokukhetha indlela yokuphila, ziphantsi kolawulo lwakho.

Oonobangela

Ukutshaya kukuphinda kathathu umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesinyi. Isiqingatha sayo yonke umhlaza wesinyi sidibene nokutshaya.

Abanye abantu abanomhlaza wesinyi banokutshintsha okungaqhelekanga kuhlobo lwe-RB1. Olu hlobo lunokubangela i-retinoblastoma, umhlaza wamehlo. Inokonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesinyi. Olu tshintsho lwemfuza lunokuba lilifa.

Olunye ufuzo kunye nolunqabileyo lwee-syndromes zofuzo lunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesinyi. Esinye sisifo seCowden, esibangela ukukhula okunganabisi okuninzi okubizwa ngokuba ziihamartomas. Enye yiLynch syndrome, enxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wekolon.

Imiba yomngcipheko

Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela umhlaza wesinyi, kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Ukukhula kokukhubazeka kokuzalwaIziphene ezibini ezinqabileyo zokuzalwa zinokunyusa umngcipheko. Omnye yintsalela ye-urachus. I-urachus idibanisa iqhosha lesisu sakho kwisinyi sakho ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ihlala inyamalale ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, inxenye yayo inokuhlala kwaye ibe ngumhlaza.

Enye into yi-exstrophy, eyenzeka xa isinyi kunye nodonga lwesisu phambi kwaso zidibana kunye ngexesha lokukhula komntwana. Oko kubangela ukuba udonga lwesinyi lube lolwangaphandle kwaye luvezwe. Kwanasemva kokulungiswa kotyando, esi siphene sonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesinyi.

Ngaphambi kokuchongwa komhlazaImbali yobuqu yomhlaza wesinyi inyusa umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo kwakhona. Ukuba nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ezinje ngomhlaza kumchamo, kunokunyusa umngcipheko.

Usulelo: Isinyi esinganyangekiyo okanye usulelo lomchamo lunokwandisa umngcipheko, kubandakanya nezo zibangelwe kukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kweecatheters zesinyi.

IiParasites: Usulelo olubangelwa sisibungu esifunxayo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-schistosomiasis, yinto enobungozi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka kunqabile eMelika.

Ubuhlanga: Abantu abamhlophe bafumana umhlaza wesinyi kumazinga aphezulu kunabantu abaMnyama, amaSpanishi, kunye nabaseAsia.

Ubudala: Umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza wesinyi unyuka kunye nobudala. Umndilili weminyaka yokufumanisa isifo ngama-73.

Isini: Amadoda aphindwe kathathu ukuya kwamane amathuba okuba afumane umhlaza wesinyi kunabafazi, nangona abasetyhini abatshayayo benokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu kunamadoda angatshayiyo.

IlifaUkuba nelungu losapho elisondeleyo kwesi sifo kunokuwonyusa umngcipheko, nangona umhlaza welifa lesinyi unqabile. Ukuxilongwa kwesifo somhlaza wesinyi kunokuhlangana kwiintsapho ezivezwe ngokungaguquguqukiyo kwizinto ezifanayo zokusingqongileyo, ezinje ngomsi wecuba okanye iarsenic emanzini. Oku kwahlukile ekubeni nekhonkco lelifa.

UkutshayaUmanyano phakathi kokutshaya umdiza nomhlaza wesinyi ubalulekile. Abatshayayo ngoku basemngciphekweni omkhulu kunabo babekade betshaya, kodwa umngcipheko uphezulu kuwo omabini la maqela kunabantu abangazange batshaye.

Ukuvezwa kwemichizaUkuchazwa kwityhefu enjenge-arsenic kumanzi okusela angcolisekileyo kukonyusa umngcipheko. Abantu abasebenza ngamalaphu, iidayi, ipeyinti kunye neemveliso zokuprinta banokuvezwa kwi-benzidine kunye nezinye iikhemikhali eziyingozi ezinxulunyaniswa nomhlaza wesinyi. Ukuvezwa okubalulekileyo kumsi wedizili nako kunokuba yinto.

AmayezaUkusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwamayeza amiselweyo ane-pioglitazone kunokunyusa umngcipheko. Oku kubandakanya amayeza aliqela asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seswekile sesi-2:

• pioglitazone (Actos)
• metformin-pioglitazone (Actoplus Met, Actoplus Met XR)
• I-glimepiride-pioglitazone (iDuetact)

Olunye unyango olunokunyusa umngcipheko yi-chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide.

Ukungenwa lulwelo olungalunganga: Abantu abangaseli manzi ngokwaneleyo banokuba nomngcipheko owandileyo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwetyhefu ngaphakathi kwisinyi.

Iziganeko

E-United States, malunga neepesenti ezi-2.4 zabantu bafunyaniswe benomhlaza wesinyi ngexesha lokudla kwabo ubomi.

Zininzi iintlobo zomhlaza wesinyi. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-urothelial carcinoma. Lo mhlaza uqala kwiiseli ezihambelana ngaphakathi kwesinyi kunye neeakhawunti zayo yonke imihlaza yomhlaza wesinyi. Iicancer zomhlaza wesinyi eziqhelekileyo azi squamous cell carcinoma kunye neadenocarcinoma.

Iimpawu

Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lokuqala lomhlaza wesinyi ligazi kumchamo, okanye ihemmaturia. Ukuba unomdlavuza wesinyi, umchamo wakho unokubonakala upinki, ubomvu obomvu, okanye umdaka. Igazi linokubonakala kuphela xa uchame umchamo wakho phantsi kwemicroscope.

Ezinye iimpawu zokuqala zibandakanya:

• umqolo obuhlungu
• iintlungu zangasese
• iintlungu ngexesha lokuchama
• Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo

Uvavanyo lomhlaza wesinyi

Ukuhlolwa komhlaza wesinyi akukhuthazwa kubantu abanomngcipheko ophakathi.

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu kufuneka baxoxe ngokuhlolwa rhoqo nogqirha wabo. Unokuba semngciphekweni owandayo ukuba:

• udibana rhoqo neekhemikhali
• bazalwa benesiphene sokuzala
• Unembali yobuqu yomhlaza wesinyi
• batshaya kakhulu

Iinkqubo zovavanyo

Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa uvavanyo lokuchama ukukhangela igazi kumchamo wakho. Uya kudinga ukubonelela ngesampulu yomchamo kolu vavanyo. Uvavanyo lwe-urinalysis alunikezeli ngokuchazwa komhlaza wesinyi, kodwa inokusetyenziswa njengenyathelo lokuqala.

Olunye uvavanyo lokuhlola lubandakanya:

• I-cytology yomchamo: Olu vavanyo lujonga iiseli zomhlaza kumchamo. Ikwafuna isampulu yomchamo.
• ICystoscopy: Ngethuba lovavanyo, ugqirha wakho ufaka ityhubhu encinci kunye neelensi kwi-urethra yakho ukuze ubone ngaphakathi kwesinyi sakho. Ifuna ianesthesia yendawo.
• Ukuthengiswa ngokutsha kwethumba lesisu (TURBT): Ukwenza lo msebenzi, ugqirha wakho usebenzisa i-cystoscope eqinileyo enentambo yocingo kwisiphelo sayo ukususa izicwili ezingaqhelekanga okanye amathumba kwisinyi. Izicubu zithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze zihlolwe. Ifuna i-anesthesia ngokubanzi okanye i-anesthesia yengingqi. Le nkqubo inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga kwinqanaba lomhlaza wesinyi.
• Ipiramidi efakwa ngaphakathi: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha utofa idayi kwimithambo yakho. Baye basebenzise i-X-ray ukujonga izintso zakho, isinyi kunye ne-ureters.
• Ukuskena kwe-CT: Iskena se-CT sibonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nesinyi kunye nomchamo.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomdlavuza wesinyi, unokufuna iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukumisela inqanaba lomhlaza wakho. Oku kubandakanya i-x-ray yesifuba, ukuskena kwethambo, kunye nokuskena kweMRI.

Unyango

Uhlobo lonyango olufunayo luxhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nohlobo lomhlaza wesinyi onawo, kunye nobudala bakho kunye nempilo iyonke. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• ukususwa kwethumba, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwenxalenye yesinyi
• Unyango lokuzikhusela
• utyando lokususa isinyi
• ichemotherapy
• imitha

Imbonakalo

Umhlaza wesinyi unganyangeka ngempumelelo, ngakumbi xa ufunyanisiwe kwaye wanyangwa usaqala. Imbonakalo yakho ixhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nempilo yakho xa kufunyaniswa isifo.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, iminyaka emi-5 yokusinda kwesihlobo kwinqanaba 1 ngama-88 eepesenti. Oko kuthetha ukuba ithuba lakho lokusinda kwiminyaka emi-5 ngama-88 eepesenti aphezulu njengomntu ongenawo umhlaza wesinyi.

Kwinqanaba lesi-2, elo nani lehla laya kwiipesenti ezingama-63, nakwinqanaba lesi-3, ipesenti ezingama-46. Kwinqanaba le-4, okanye umhlaza wesisu se-metastatic, i-5 yeminyaka yokusinda yeepesenti ze-15.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba la manani aqikelelwa kwaye awunakho ukuqikelela ithuba lakho lokusinda. Ukuba uvelisa naziphi na iimpawu ezidwelisiweyo, jonga ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumaneke kwaye unyangwe kwangoko ukuba kukho imfuneko.

Amanyathelo alandelayo

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela uninzi lweentlobo zomhlaza wesinyi kukuyeka ukutshaya. Kukwabalulekile ukuzikhusela kwityhefu kwindawo yakho xa kunokwenzeka. Ukuba uhlala uchanekile kwimichiza eyingozi emsebenzini, kuya kufuneka unxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela, ezinje ngeiglavu kunye nemask yobuso.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nekhonkco yemfuza, thetha namalungu osapho lwakho. Babuze nganye ngembali yezempilo eneenkcukacha ezibandakanya imikhwa yokuphila. Qiniseka ukuba wabelana ngolu lwazi nogqirha wakho. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa ukuba umngcipheko uphezulu, babuze ukuba kuya kufuneka ukuba ube uvavanywa rhoqo.