I-cerebral ischemia: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Yintoni ischemia yexeshana yobuchopho
• I-sequelae enokwenzeka ye-cerebral ischemia
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Unyango kunye nothintelo lwe-ischemia yobuchopho lwenziwa njani

I-Cerebral ischemia okanye ischemic stroke yenzeka xa kukho ukuhla okanye ukungabikho kokuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa inani leoksijini efikelela kwilungu kwaye ibonakalise imeko ye-hypoxia yecerebral. I-Cerebral hypoxia inokukhokelela kwi-sequelae ebukhali okanye nokufa ukuba umntu akachongwanga aze anyangwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvela kweempawu zokuqala, ezinje ngokozela, ukukhubazeka kweengalo nemilenze kunye notshintsho kwintetho nakwimbono.

I-Cerebral ischemia inokwenzeka nanini na, ngexesha lokuzilolonga okanye nokulala, kwaye kuqheleke kakhulu ukwenzeka kubantu abanesifo seswekile, i-atherosclerosis kunye ne-sickle cell anemia. Ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokusekwe kwiimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje nge-magnetic resonance kunye nekhompyuter ye-tomography.

Zimbini iintlobo ze-cerebral ischemia, zezi:

1. Gxila, apho ihlwili lithintela isitya sobuchopho lize lithintele okanye linciphise ukugqitha kwegazi liye kwingqondo, elinokukhokelela ekufeni kweeseli kwingingqi yengqondo ethe yaphazamiseka;
2. Ehlabathini lonke, apho lonke unikezelo lwegazi kwingqondo lusengozini, oko kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni okungapheliyo kwengqondo ukuba ayichongwanga kwaye inyangwe ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu ze-ischemia yecerebral inokuhlala ukusuka kwimizuzwana ukuya kumaxesha amade kwaye inokuba:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwiingalo nasemilenzeni;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukulinganisa;
• Kunzima ukuthetha;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu;
• Ukungabikho kolungelelaniso;
• Ukungabikho zingqondweni;
• Ubuthathaka kwelinye okanye omabini amacala omzimba.

Iimpawu ze-ischemia yecerebral kufuneka zichongwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba unyango lungaqala, kungenjalo ukwenzeka kwengqondo okusisigxina kuya kwenzeka. Kwi-cerebral ischemia yethutyana iimpawu ziyadlula kwaye zihlala ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24, kodwa kufuneka zinyangwe ekliniki.

Yintoni ischemia yexeshana yobuchopho

I-ischemia ye-cerebral yexeshana, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-TIA okanye ukubetha okuncinci, kwenzeka xa kukho ukuhla kwegazi kwingqondo ngexesha elifutshane, kunye neempawu zokufika ngesiquphe kwaye zihlala zinyamalala malunga neeyure ezingama-24, kwaye zifuna ukhathalelo kwangoko njengoko inokuba kunjalo.ukuqala kweschemia yecerebral kakhulu.

Ischemia yethutyana kufuneka inyangwe ngokwezikhokelo zonyango kwaye ihlala isenziwa kunyango lwe-comorbidities, ezinjengesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi, icholesterol ephezulu, kunye notshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo nakwindlela yokuphila, njengokuzilolonga komzimba kunye nokunciphisa ukutya kwamafutha notywala, ukongeza ukunqanda ukutshaya. Funda indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga ukubetha kancinci.

I-sequelae enokwenzeka ye-cerebral ischemia

I-cerebral ischemia inokushiya i-sequelae, enje:

• Ubuthathaka okanye ukukhubazeka kwengalo, umlenze okanye ubuso;
• Khubaza konke okanye elinye icala lomzimba;
• Ukuphulukana nokulungelelaniswa kweemoto;
• Kunzima ukugwinya;
• Iingxaki zokuqiqa;
• Kunzima ukuthetha;
• Iingxaki zengqondo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo;
• Ubunzima kumbono;
• Ukonakala okungapheliyo kwengqondo.

Ukulandelelana kwe-ischemia yecerebral kuyahluka kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntu kuye komnye kwaye kuxhomekeke apho ischemia yenzeka khona kunye nexesha elithathiweyo ukuqala unyango, ihlala ifuna ukuhambelana nonyango lomzimba, ingcali yokuthetha okanye ingcali kwezomsebenzi ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye thintela i-sequelae ukuba ihlale isigxina.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Oonobangela be-ischemia yobuchopho banxulumene ngokusondeleyo nendlela yokuphila yomntu. Yiyo loo nto abantu abane-atherosclerosis, isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, ezizizifo ezinxulumene nendlela yokutya, basemngciphekweni wokuba neschemia yobuchopho.

Ukongeza, abantu abane-sickle cell anemia nabo banamathuba okuba bahlupheke ngenxa yokwehla kwe-oxygenation yengqondo, njengoko ifom eguqulweyo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ingavumeli ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini ngokufanelekileyo.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokuqina, njengokufakwa kweplatelet kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuqina, zikwathanda ukwenzeka kweschemia yobuchopho, njengoko kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuthintelwa kwenqanawa yobuchopho.

Unyango kunye nothintelo lwe-ischemia yobuchopho lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-cerebral ischemia lwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubungakanani behlwili kunye neziphumo ezinokubakho emntwini, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingcolisa iqokobhe, njengeAlteplase, okanye utyando kungabonakaliswa. Unyango kufuneka lwenzeke esibhedlele ukuze uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luqwalaselwe, ukuthintela iingxaki ezinokubakho.

Ukongeza ekusebenziseni amayeza, kubalulekile ukuba ufune uncedo kunyango lomzimba, ingcali yokuthetha okanye ingcali kwezomsebenzi ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bomntu kunye nokuthintela ukonakala okusisigxina. Jonga indlela okwenziwa ngayo ukubetha komzimba nge-stroke.

Emva kokukhutshwa esibhedlele, imikhwa elungileyo kufuneka igcinwe ukuze umngcipheko wemeko entsha yecerebral ischemia incinci, Oko kukuthi, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekutyeni, kuthintelwe ukutya okunamafutha kunye netyuwa eninzi, ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba, ukunqanda ukusela iziselo ezinxilisayo. nokuyeka ukutshaya. Kukho amayeza asekhaya anokuthi athintele ukubetha, njengoko enezinto ezithintela igazi ekubeni lingqindilili kakhulu lize lenze amahlwili.