Hyponatremia: yintoni, unyango njani kunye noonobangela

Umxholo

• Izizathu eziphambili
• Indlela yokuchonga
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Iimpawu eziphambili

I-Hyponatremia kukuhla kwenani le-sodium ngokunxulumene namanzi, ekuvavanyweni kwegazi kuboniswe ngamaxabiso angaphantsi kwe-135 mEq / L. Olu tshintsho luyingozi, kuba inqanaba lesodiyam esezantsi egazini, kokukhona ubukhulu beempawu zibonakala, kunye ne-edema yobuchopho, ukuxhuzula kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, isiqaqa.

Ukwehla kwesodiyam egazini kuqheleke kakhulu kwizigulana ezibhedlele kwaye, ke, kufuneka zenze uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo. Unyango lwe-hyponatremia lwenziwa ngokutshintsha isixa se-sodium egazini ngokulawulwa kwe-serum, ekufuneka imiselwe ngugqirha kwisixa esifunekayo kwimeko nganye.

Izizathu eziphambili

Ukwehla koxinizelelo lwe-sodium egazini kuphuma kuso nasiphi na isifo esibangela ukuba isixa samanzi esikhutshwe ngumzimba sinciphise, okanye xa amanzi eqokelelwe kwisixa esikhulu egazini, ukuze isodium inyibilikiswe.

IVasopressin yihomoni inoxanduva lokulawula ubungakanani bamanzi emzimbeni, ikhutshwe yindlala yebhinqa xa kukho umthamo wegazi osezantsi, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi okanye xa kukho isixa esikhulu sokujikeleza kwesodiyam. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko kunokubakho ukunqongophala kolawulo lwexabiso le-vasopressin evelisiweyo, ekhokelela kwi-hyponatremia. Ke, ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezibangela ihyponatremia zezi:

• Iswekile egazini egqithisileyo, eyenzeka kwisifo seswekile;
• Ukuphalaza okanye urhudo, ezibangela zombini i-hyponatremia kunye ne-hypernatremia;
• Izifo eziqokelela ulwelo emzimbeni, ezinje ngokusilela kwentliziyo, ukuqina kwesibindi, i-hypothyroidism eqatha kunye nokusilela okungapheliyo kwezintso;
• Izifo kunye neemeko ezivelisa i-vasopressin engaphezulu;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza anokugcina amanzi, njengezinye izinto ezichasayo;
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okugqithisileyo, njengakwii-marathons, ezikhuthaza umzimba ukuba uvelise i-hormone echasene ne-diuretic, ukongeza ekusebenziseni amanzi amaninzi;
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, njenge-Ecstasy;
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala, njengobhiya, iti, kunye namanzi.

Ukusela ulwelo oluninzi kakhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokudala i-hyponatremia kunokwenzeka kwiimeko zengqondo, ezinje nge-potomania, apho ibhiya iselwa kakhulu, okanye i-psychogenic polydipsia, apho umntu esela amanzi amaninzi kunokuba eyimfuneko.

Kwiimbaleki, eyona nto ayifaneleyo kukungaphaya kwesixa sesiselo ngexesha lokuzilolonga, njengoko malunga ne-150 ml yamanzi kwiyure enye yomthambo yanele. Ukuba uziva unxaniwe ngakumbi kunale, kuya kufuneka usele esinye isotonic isiselo, njengeGatorade, equlathe izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo, ukugcina ulawulo lwegazi.

Indlela yokuchonga

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hyponatremia kwenziwa ngokulinganisa isodiyam egazini, apho uxinzelelo olungaphantsi kwe-135 mEq / L luqinisekiswa. Ngokufanelekileyo, amaxabiso esodiyam kufuneka abe phakathi kwe-135 kunye ne-145 mEq / L.

Ukuchongwa kwesizathu kwenziwa ngugqirha, ophanda utshintsho olusuka kwimbali yezonyango kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwegazi, njengokuvavanywa kokusebenza kwezintso, isibindi, amanqanaba eglucose egazini, kunye nokuxinana kwegazi nomchamo, onceda ukumisela Umthombo wotshintsho.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ukunyanga i-hyponatremia, ugqirha kufuneka achonge ubungakanani beempawu, nokuba ngaba lutshintsho olubi okanye olungapheliyo lofakelo. Kwi-hyponatremia ebukhali, okanye xa ibangela iimpawu, ukutshintshwa kweserum ngenani elikhulu le-sodium kwenziwa, esisisombululo sehypertonic saline.

Olu tshintsho kufuneka lubalwe ngononophelo, ngokweemfuno zesodiyamu zomntu ngamnye kwaye zenziwe kancinci, njengoko utshintsho ngesiquphe kumanqanaba esodiyamu okanye isodiyam engaphezulu, eyi-hypernatremia, inokuba yingozi nakwiiseli zobuchopho. Funda ngakumbi malunga nezizathu kunye nendlela yokunyanga i-hypernatremia.

I-hyponatremia enganyangekiyo inokunyangwa nge-hypertonic saline okanye i-saline, kwaye ukulungiswa okukhawulezileyo akuyomfuneko, njengoko umzimba sele uziqhelanisa naloo meko. Kwiimeko ezinobulali, enye indlela kukuthintela isixa samanzi oselayo ngemini, esinokwenza ukuba igazi libe nokulinganisela okungcono kwamanzi kunye netyuwa.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zehyponatremia zinzima kakhulu njengoko isixa sesodium siyancipha egazini. Ke, kunokubakho iintloko, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye nokozela, umzekelo. Xa amanqanaba esezantsi kakhulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho ukuxhuzula, ukuxhamla kwezihlunu kunye nekhoma.

IHyponatremia ebangela iimpawu ithathwa njengonyango olungxamisekileyo kwaye kufuneka ibhaqwe kwaye inyangwe ngokukhawuleza.