ILamotrigine, iThebhulethi yomlomo

Umxholo

• Izilumkiso ezibalulekileyo
• Izilumkiso ze-FDA
  
• Ezinye izilumkiso
• Yintoni ilamotrigine?
• Kutheni isetyenziswa
• Ingaba isebenza kanjani
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeLamotrigine
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu
• I-Lamotrigine inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza
• Iziyobisi Antiseizure
• Iyeza leziyobisi zentliziyo
• Iziyobisi ze-HIV
• Izinto zokucwangcisa ngomlomo
• Iziyobisi zesifo sephepha
• Izilumkiso zeLamotrigine
• Isilumkiso somzimba
• Izilumkiso zabantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo
• Izilumkiso kwamanye amaqela
• Indlela yokuthatha i-lamotrigine
• Iifom zamachiza kunye namandla
• Idosi yokuxhuzula kubantu abanesathuthwane
• Umthamo wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo
• Ukuqwalaselwa okhethekileyo kwedosi
• Isilumkiso somthamo
• Thatha njengoko kuyalelwe
• Ukuqwalaselwa okubalulekileyo kokuthatha i-lamotrigine
• Ngokubanzi
• Ukugcina
• Ukuzalisa kwakhona
• Ukuhamba
• Ukuzilawula
• Ukubeka iliso kwezonyango
• Ukufumaneka
• Ngaphambi kogunyaziso
• Ngaba zikhona ezinye iindlela?

Amagqabantshintshi e-lamotrigine

1. Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeLamotrigine iyafumaneka njengesiyobisi njengegama leziyobisi. Amagama eBrand: Lamictal, Lamictal XR, Lamictal CD, kwaye ILamictal ODT.
2. I-Lamotrigine iza ngeendlela ezine: iipilisi zomlomo ezikhutshwa kwangoko, iipilisi zomlomo ezandisiweyo, iipilisi zomlomo ezihlafunwayo, kunye namacwecwe adilikayo ngomlomo (anokunyibilika ngolwimi).
3. Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeLamotrigine sisiyobisi esisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo ezithile zokubanjwa kwabantu abanesathuthwane. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Izilumkiso ezibalulekileyo

Izilumkiso ze-FDA

• Eli chiza linesilumkiso sebhokisi emnyama. Esi sisilumkiso esibi kakhulu esivela kuLawulo lokutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (FDA). Isilumkiso sebhokisi emnyama silumkisa oogqirha kunye nezigulana malunga neziphumo zeziyobisi ezinokuba yingozi.
• Irhashalala elisongela ubomi: Eli chiza linokubangela ukungaqheleki kodwa irhashalala enokubusongela ubomi. Ezi rashes zinokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba zenzeke kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezisibhozo zokuqala kwesi siyobisi. Musa ukunyusa idosi yakho ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ugqirha ekuxelele. Ugqirha wakho unokuyeka ukuthatha eli chiza xa umqondiso wokuqala wokukhawuleza.

Ezinye izilumkiso

• Ukusabela komzimba osongela ubomi: Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, eli chiza linokubangela ukuphendulwa kwamajoni omzimba abizwa ngokuba yi-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Le mpendulo ikhokelela kukudumba okukhulu emzimbeni wonke, kwaye ngaphandle konyango olukhawulezileyo kunokubangela ukufa. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya umkhuhlane, ukukhawuleza, kunye nokwandisa i-lymph nodes, isibindi kunye ne-spleen. Babandakanya ukwehla kokubalwa kweeseli zegazi, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwesibindi, kunye neengxaki zokunqanda igazi.
• Isilumkiso somonakalo womzimba: Eli chiza linokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kumalungu athile omzimba wakho. Oku kubandakanya isibindi sakho kunye neeseli zakho zegazi.
• Isilumkiso sokuzibulala: Eli chiza linokubangela iingcinga zokuzenzakalisa. Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimeko yakho, indlela oziphethe ngayo, iingcinga, okanye iimvakalelo.

Yintoni ilamotrigine?

I-Lamotrigine sisiyobisi esisemthethweni. Iza ngeendlela ezine eziza kuthathwa ngomlomo (ngomlomo): iipilisi zomlomo ezikhutshwa kwangoko, iipilisi zomlomo ezandisiweyo, iipilisi zomlomo ezihlafunwayo, kunye namacwecwe aphelayo ngomlomo.

I-Lamotrigine iyafumaneka njengegama leziyobisi Ukutshutshiswa, ILamictal XR (ukhululo olwandisiweyo), CD yeLamictal (ukuhlafuna), kunye ILamictal ODT (ichithe ulwimi). Ikwafumaneka njengeziyobisi eziqhelekileyo. Amachiza enziwe afana nalawo aveliswe ngumenzi ahlala exabisa ngaphantsi kweenguqulelo zegama lophawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, azinakufumaneka kuwo onke amandla okanye kwifom njengegama lophawu lweziyobisi.

I-Lamotrigine inokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yonyango oludibeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokufuna ukuyithatha namanye amayeza.

Kutheni isetyenziswa

I-Lamotrigine isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo ezithile zokubanjwa kwabantu abanesathuthwane. Ingasetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo namanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Okanye inokusetyenziswa yodwa xa utshintsha ukusuka kwamanye amayeza okunyanga.

I-Lamotrigine ikwasetyenziselwa unyango lwexesha elide lokuphazamiseka kwemood ebizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder. Ngale meko, umntu uneemvakalelo eziphezulu kakhulu kwaye uphantsi.

Ingaba isebenza kanjani

I-Lamotrigine ikudidi lweziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-anticonvulsants okanye ii-antiepileptic drug (AEDs). Iklasi leziyobisi liqela lamayeza asebenza ngendlela efanayo. La machiza ahlala esetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezifanayo.

Kubantu abanesathuthwane, eli chiza linciphisa ukukhutshwa kwento kwingqondo yakho eyaziwa ngokuba yi-glutamate. Eli nyathelo lithintela ii-neurons kwingqondo yakho ekubeni zisebenze kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, unokuba nokuxhuzula okumbalwa.

Kubantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, eli chiza linokuchaphazela ii-receptors ezithile kwingqondo yakho ezikunceda ukulawula imeko yakho. Oku kunokunciphisa inani leziqendu zemood onazo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeLamotrigine

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeLamotrigine inokubangela ukozela. Sukuqhuba, sebenzisa oomatshini abanzima, okanye wenze ezinye izinto eziyingozi de ube uyazi indlela ekuchaphazela ngayo oku.

I-Lamotrigine inokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zenzeke ngokusetyenziswa kwe-lamotrigine ziquka:

• isiyezi
• ukozela
• intloko ebuhlungu
• umbono kabini
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• urhudo
• isisu esibuhlungu
• ingxaki ngokulingana kunye nokulungelelanisa
• ingxaki yokulala
• umqolo obuhlungu
• Impumlo exineneyo
• umqala obuhkungu
• umlomo owomileyo
• ifiva
• irhashalala
• ukungcangcazela
• ixhala

Ukuba ezi ziphumo zincinci, zinokuhamba zingaphelanga iintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba zinzima kakhulu okanye azihambi, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu

Shayela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unemiphumo emibi. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 ukuba iimpawu zakho ziziva zisongela ubomi okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba unempilo kaxakeka. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu kunye neempawu zazo zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Irhashalala elibi elibizwa ngokuba yiStevens-Johnson syndrome kunye necrolysis enetyhefu. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ukudumba okanye ukuxobuka kolusu lwakho
  • urhwebo
  • irhashalala
  • izilonda ezibuhlungu emlonyeni wakho okanye ngeenxa zonke kwamehlo akho
• Ubuninzi be-hypersensitivity yelungu, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukusabela kweziyobisi nge-eosinophilia kunye neempawu zenkqubo (IDONSI). Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ifiva
  • irhashalala
  • amadlala e-lymph adumbileyo
  • iintlungu ezinzima
  • usulelo rhoqo
  • ukudumba kobuso bakho, amehlo, imilebe, okanye ulwimi
  • ukugruzuka okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga
  • ubuthathaka okanye ukudinwa
  • ubumthubi besikhumba sakho okanye inxenye emhlophe yamehlo akho
• Iseli esezantsi yegazi ibalwa. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ukudinwa
  • ubuthathaka
  • usulelo rhoqo okanye usulelo olungayi kudlula
  • ukugruzuka okungachazwanga
  • impumlo
  • ukopha kwiintsini
• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo okanye ekuziphatheni. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • iingcinga ngokuzibulala
  • iinzame zokuzenzakalisa okanye ukuzibulala
  • ukudakumba okanye ixhala elitsha okanye eliba mandundu
  • ukungazinzi
  • uloyiko
  • ingxaki yokulala
  • umsindo
  • ubundlongondlongo okanye ubundlobongela
  • Ubungqongqo obutsha okanye obuya busiba mandundu
  • indlela yokuziphatha eyingozi okanye iimpembelelo
  • ukonyuka okukhulu komsebenzi kunye nokuthetha
• I-Aseptic meningitis (ukudumba kwenwebu egubungela ingqondo yakho kunye nentambo yomqolo). Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • intloko ebuhlungu
  • ifiva
  • isicaphucaphu nokugabha
  • Intamo elukhuni
  • irhashalala
  • ukuba novakalelo ngakumbi ekukhanyeni kunesiqhelo
  • iintlungu zemisipha
  • Ukugodola
  • ukudideka
  • ukozela
• I-Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (i-HLH, indlela esongela ubomi yokuphendula komzimba). Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ifiva ephezulu, ihlala ngaphezulu kwe-101 ° F
  • irhashalala
  • ukwandisa ii-lymph node

Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: Injongo yethu kukukunika olona lwazi lufanelekileyo nolukhoyo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi zichaphazela umntu ngamnye ngokwahlukileyo, asinakuqinisekisa ukuba olu lwazi lubandakanya zonke iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho. Olu lwazi aluthathi ndawo yengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko uxoxa ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka kunye nomboneleli wezempilo oyaziyo imbali yakho yezonyango.

I-Lamotrigine inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeLamotrigine inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza, iivithamini, okanye imifuno onokuthi uyithathe. Unxibelelwano kuxa into isitshintsha indlela esebenza ngayo iyeza. Oku kunokuba yingozi okanye kuthintele ichiza ekusebenzeni kakuhle.

Ukukunceda ukunqanda ukusebenzisana, ugqirha wakho kufuneka alawule onke amayeza ngononophelo. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza, iivithamini, okanye imifuno oyithathayo. Ukufumanisa ukuba eli chiza linokusebenzisana njani nenye into oyithathayo, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Imizekelo yamachiza anokubangela ukuhlangana kunye ne-lamotrigine zidweliswe apha ngezantsi.

Iziyobisi Antiseizure

Ukuthatha ezinye iziyobisi ze-lamotrigine kunokuhlisa inqanaba le-lamotrigine emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-lamotrigine. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• icarbazazepine
• ifumanobarbital
• inyani
• Yenyani

IValproate, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unokuphakamisa inqanaba le-lamotrigine emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokubangela ukwanda kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokuba yingozi.

Iyeza leziyobisi zentliziyo

Dofetilide isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ii-arrhythmias zentliziyo. Xa isetyenziswa nge-lamotrigine, amanqanaba e-dofetilide emzimbeni wakho anokunyuswa. Oku kunokubangela ukuba i-arrhythmias ebulalayo.

Iziyobisi ze-HIV

Ukuthatha i-lamotrigine ngamachiza athile asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV kungathoba amanqanaba e-lamotrigine emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-lamotrigine. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• lopinavir / ritonavir
• atazanavir / ritonavir

Izinto zokucwangcisa ngomlomo

Ukuthatha i-lamotrigine ngokudibanisa izinto zokucwangcisa zomlomo (ezo ziqukethe i-estrogen kunye neprogesterone) zinokwehlisa inqanaba le-lamotrigine emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-lamotrigine.

Iziyobisi zesifo sephepha

Rifampin isetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sephepha. Xa isetyenziswa nge-lamotrigine, inokuhlisa inqanaba le-lamotrigine emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-lamotrigine.

Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: Injongo yethu kukukunika olona lwazi lufanelekileyo nolukhoyo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi zinxibelelana ngokwahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye, asinakuqinisekisa ukuba olu lwazi lubandakanya lonke unxibelelwano olunokwenzeka. Olu lwazi aluthathi ndawo yengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko uthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokunxibelelana okunokubakho nawo onke amayeza amiselweyo, iivithamini, amayeza kunye nezongezo, kunye neziyobisi ezingaphaya kwekhawunta ozithathayo.

Izilumkiso zeLamotrigine

Eli chiza liza nezilumkiso ezininzi.

Isilumkiso somzimba

Eli chiza kunokubangela negazi lakho. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• irhashalala
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ukudumba kobuso bakho, umqala, ulwimi
• urhwebo
• ukurhawuzelela
• izilonda ezibuhlungu emlonyeni wakho

Ukuba uvelisa ezi mpawu, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi lexakeka elikufutshane.

Sukuphinda ulithathe eli chiza ukuba ukhe waba negazi kulo. Ukuyithatha kwakhona kunokuba yingozi (kubangele ukufa).

Izilumkiso zabantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo

Kubantu abanesifo sesibindi: Eli chiza licutshungulwa sisibindi sakho. Ukuba isibindi sakho asisebenzi kakuhle, iyeza elininzi lingahlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide. Oku kukubeka emngciphekweni wokunyuka kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ugqirha wakho unokuhlisa umyinge weli chiza.

Kubantu abanesifo sezintso: Eli chiza lisuswe emzimbeni wakho zizintso zakho. Ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle, iyeza elininzi lingahlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide. Oku kukubeka emngciphekweni wokunyuka kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ugqirha wakho unokuhlisa umyinge weli chiza. Ukuba iingxaki zakho zezintso zinzima, ugqirha wakho unokuyeka ukusebenzisa eli chiza, okanye angangamiseli konke konke.

Izilumkiso kwamanye amaqela

Abafazi abakhulelweyo: Eli chiza ludidi C lokukhulelwa iziyobisi. Oko kuthetha izinto ezimbini:

1. Uphando kwizilwanyana lubonakalise iziphumo ezingalunganga kwimveku xa umama ethatha iyeza.
2. Khange kubekho zifundo zaneleyo zenziweyo ebantwini ukuze baqiniseke ukuba ichiza linokuchaphazela njani umntwana ongekazalwa.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa. Eli chiza kufuneka lisetyenziswe kuphela ukuba isibonelelo esinokubakho siqinisekisa umngcipheko onokubakho.

Ukuba ukhulelwa ngelixa uthatha eli chiza, biza ugqirha wakho kwangoko.

Kubafazi abancancisayo: Eli chiza likho kubisi lwebele kwaye kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi emntwaneni oncanciswa. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba uncelisa umntwana wakho. Buza malunga nendlela efanelekileyo yokondla umntwana wakho ngelixa ukule nyango.

Ukuba uncancisa ngelixa uthatha eli chiza, jonga umntwana wakho kufutshane. Jonga iimpawu ezinje ngokuphefumla nzima, iziqendu zethutyana xa ukuphefumla kuyeka, ukulala kakhulu, okanye ukuncancisa. Tsalela umnxeba ugqirha womntwana wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi mpawu.

Kubantwana: Ayaziwa ukuba ngaba ukukhutshwa kwangoko kwesiyobisi kukhuselekile kwaye kuyasebenza ekunyangeni ukuxhuzula kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2. Ayaziwa nokuba ingxelo ekhutshiweyo yeli chiza ikhuselekile kwaye iyasebenza kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-13.

Ukongeza, ayaziwa ukuba ngaba ingxelo ekhutshwa kwangoko kwesi siyobisi ikhuselekile kwaye iyasebenza ekunyangeni isifo se-bipolar kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18.

Indlela yokuthatha i-lamotrigine

Zonke iidosi ezinokwenzeka kunye neefom zamachiza azinakufakwa apha. Umthamo wakho, ifom, kunye nokuba ulithatha kangaphi iziyobisi kuya kuxhomekeka:

• iminyaka yakho
• imeko inyangwa
• ubuzaza bemeko yakho
• ezinye iimeko zonyango onazo
• usabela njani kwidosi yokuqala

Iifom zamachiza kunye namandla

Ngokwesiqhelo: ILamotrigine

• Ifom: ithebhulethi yomlomo
• Amandla: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg
• Ifom: ithebhulethi ehlafunwayo
• Amandla: 2 mg, 5 mg, 25 mg
• Ifom: ithebhulethi yokuqhekeka ngomlomo (inokunyibilika elwimini)
• Amandla: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg
• Ifom: Ithebhulethi ekhutshwa ixesha elide
• Amandla: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg

Igama lebrand: Ukutshutshiswa

• Ifom: ithebhulethi yomlomo
• Amandla: 25 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg

Igama lebrand: CD yeLamictal

• Ifom: ithebhulethi ehlafunwayo
• Amandla: 2 mg, 5 mg, 25 mg

Igama lebrand: ILamictal ODT

• Ifom: ithebhulethi yokuqhekeka ngomlomo (inokunyibilika elwimini)
• Amandla: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg

Igama lebrand: ILamictal XR

• Ifom: Ithebhulethi ekhutshwa ixesha elide
• Amandla: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 300 mg

Idosi yokuxhuzula kubantu abanesathuthwane

Idosi yabantu abadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

Ifom yokukhutshwa kwangoko (iipilisi, iipilisi ezihlafunwayo, iipilisi ezitshabalalisa ngomlomo)

• Ukuthatha i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg yonke imihla.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-25 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5 ukubheka phambili: Ugqirha wakho uya kuyonyusa idosi yakho ngama-25-50 mg kanye ngemini rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-100-400 mg ngosuku.
• AKUYITHathi icarbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, okanye valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg ngosuku.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5 ukubheka phambili: Ugqirha wakho uya kuyonyusa idosi yakho nge-50 mg kanye ngemini rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-225-375 mg ngosuku, kwiidosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo.
• Ukuthatha i-carbamazepine, i-phenytoin, i-phenobarbital, okanye i-primidone kwaye AKUKHO UKUTHATHA i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-50 mg yonke imihla.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku, ngeedosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo.
  • Iveki yesi-5 ukubheka phambili: Ugqirha wakho uyakwandisa idosi yakho nge-100 mg kanye ngemini rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-300-500 mg ngosuku, kwiidosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo.

Ifom yokukhululwa (iipilisi)

• Ukuthatha i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg yonke imihla.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-25 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-6: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-7: Thatha i-150 mg ngosuku.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-200-250 mg ngosuku.
• AKUYITHathi icarbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, okanye valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg yonke imihla.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-6: Thatha i-150 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-7: Thatha i-200 mg ngosuku.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-300-400 mg ngosuku.
• Ukuthatha i-carbamazepine, i-phenytoin, i-phenobarbital, okanye i-primidone kwaye AKUKHO UKUTHATHA i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5: Thatha i-200 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-6: Thatha i-300 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-7: Thatha i-400 mg ngosuku.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-400-600 mg ngosuku.

Ukuguqulwa ukusuka kunyango olusebenzayo ukuya kwi-monotherapy

Ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukuyeka amanye amayeza okunyanga kwaye uthathe i-lamotrigine ngokwakho. Le dosing iya kwahluka kule ichazwe apha ngasentla. Ugqirha wakho uya kunyusa kancinci umthamo wakho we-lamotrigine kwaye unciphise kancinci iidosi zamanye amayeza akho okunyanga.

Uguquko ukusuka ekukhululweni kwangoko ukuya kukhululo olwandisiweyo (XR) lamotrigine

Ugqirha wakho unokukutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo kwifom yokukhululwa kwangoko kwe-lamotrigine ukuya kwifom yokukhululwa (XR). Le dosing iya kwahluka kule ichazwe apha ngasentla. Nje ukuba utshintshele kwifom ye-XR, ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ukuxhuzula kulawulwa. Ugqirha wakho unokutshintsha idosi yakho ngokusekwe kwindlela ophendula ngayo kunyango.

Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-13-17 iminyaka)

Ifom yokukhutshwa kwangoko (iipilisi, iipilisi ezihlafunwayo, iipilisi ezitshabalalisa ngomlomo)

• Ukuthatha i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg yonke imihla.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-25 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5 ukubheka phambili: Ugqirha wakho uya kuyonyusa idosi yakho ngama-25-50 mg kanye ngemini rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-100-400 mg ngosuku.
• AKUYITHathi icarbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, okanye valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg ngosuku.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5 ukubheka phambili: Ugqirha wakho uya kuyonyusa idosi yakho nge-50 mg kanye ngemini rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-225-375 mg ngosuku, kwiidosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo.
• Ukuthatha i-carbamazepine, i-phenytoin, i-phenobarbital, okanye i-primidone kwaye AKUKHO UKUTHATHA i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-50 mg yonke imihla.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku, ngeedosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo.
  • Iveki yesi-5 ukubheka phambili: Ugqirha wakho uyakwandisa idosi yakho nge-100 mg kanye ngemini rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-300-500 mg ngosuku, kwiidosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo.

Ifom yokukhululwa (iipilisi)

• Ukuthatha i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg yonke imihla.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-25 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-6: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-7: Thatha i-150 mg ngosuku.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-200-250 mg ngosuku.
• AKUYITHathi icarbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, okanye valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg yonke imihla.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-6: Thatha i-150 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-7: Thatha i-200 mg ngosuku.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-300-400 mg ngosuku.
• Ukuthatha i-carbamazepine, i-phenytoin, i-phenobarbital, okanye i-primidone kwaye AKUKHO UKUTHATHA i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5: Thatha i-200 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-6: Thatha i-300 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-7: Thatha i-400 mg ngosuku.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-400-600 mg ngosuku.

Ukuguqulwa ukusuka kunyango olusebenzayo ukuya kwi-monotherapy

Ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukuyeka amanye amayeza okunyanga kwaye uthathe i-lamotrigine ngokwakho. Le dosing iya kwahluka kule ichazwe apha ngasentla. Ugqirha wakho uya kunyusa kancinci umthamo wakho we-lamotrigine kwaye unciphise kancinci iidosi zamanye amayeza akho okunyanga.

Uguquko ukusuka ekukhululweni kwangoko ukuya kukhululo olwandisiweyo (XR) lamotrigine

Ugqirha wakho unokukutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo kwifom yokukhululwa kwangoko kwe-lamotrigine ukuya kwifom yokukhululwa (XR). Le dosing iya kwahluka kule ichazwe apha ngasentla. Nje ukuba utshintshele kwifom ye-XR, ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ukuxhuzula kulawulwa. Ugqirha wakho unokutshintsha idosi yakho ngokubhekisele kwindlela ophendula ngayo kunyango.

Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-2-12 iminyaka)

Ifom yokukhutshwa kwangoko (iipilisi, iipilisi ezihlafunwayo, iipilisi ezitshabalalisa ngomlomo)

• Ukuthatha i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-0.15 mg / kg ngosuku, nge-1-2 iidosi ezahluliweyo.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-0.3 mg / kg ngosuku, nge-1-2 iidosi ezahluliweyo.
  • Iveki yesi-5 ukubheka phambili: Ugqirha wakho uya kwandisa idosi nge-0.3 mg / kg ngosuku yonke iiveki ezimbini.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-1-5 mg / kg ngosuku, kwi-1-2 yeedosi ezahluliweyo (ubuninzi be-200 mg ngosuku).
• AKUYITHathi icarbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, okanye valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-0.3 mg / kg ngosuku, nge-1-2 iidosi ezahluliweyo.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-0.6 mg / kg ngosuku, ngeedosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo
  • Iveki yesi-5 ukubheka phambili: Ugqirha wakho uya kwandisa idosi nge-0.6 mg / kg ngosuku yonke iiveki ezimbini.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-4.5-7.5 mg / kg ngosuku, kwiidosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo (ubuninzi be-300 mg ngosuku).
• Ukuthatha i-carbamazepine, i-phenytoin, i-phenobarbital, okanye i-primidone kwaye AKUKHO UKUTHATHA i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-0.6 mg / kg ngosuku, ngeedosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-1.2 mg / kg ngosuku, ngeedosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo.
  • Iveki yesi-5 ukubheka phambili: Ugqirha wakho uya kwandisa idosi nge-1.2 mg / kg ngosuku yonke iiveki ezimbini.
  • Isondlo: Thatha i-5-15 mg / kg ngosuku, kwiidosi ezi-2 ezahluliweyo (ubuninzi be-400 mg ngosuku).

Ifom yokukhululwa (iipilisi)

Akuqinisekiswanga ukuba i-lamotrigine ikhuselekile kwaye iyasebenza ekusetyenzisweni kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-13. Ayifanele isetyenziswe kwaba bantwana.

Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-0-1 unyaka)

Ifom yokukhutshwa kwangoko (iipilisi, iipilisi ezihlafunwayo, iipilisi ezitshabalalisa ngomlomo)

Akuqinisekiswanga ukuba ezi ntlobo ze-lamotrigine zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza ukuba zisetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2. Akufanelekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe kwaba bantwana.

Umthamo omkhulu (iminyaka eyi-65 nangaphezulu)

Abantu abadala banokuqhubekeka nokwenza iziyobisi ngokuthe chu. Idosi yabantu abadala inokubangela amanqanaba eziyobisi emzimbeni wakho ukuba abe ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo. Oku kunokuba yingozi. Ukukunceda ukunqanda oku, ugqirha wakho angakuqala kwidosi esezantsi okanye ishedyuli eyahlukileyo.

Umthamo wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo

Idosi yabantu abadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

Ifom yokukhutshwa kwangoko (iipilisi, iipilisi ezihlafunwayo, iipilisi ezitshabalalisa ngomlomo)

• Ukuthatha i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg yonke imihla.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-25 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-6: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-7: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku.
• AKUYITHathi icarbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, okanye valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-25 mg ngosuku.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-5: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-6: Thatha i-200 mg ngosuku.
  • Iveki yesi-7: Thatha i-200 mg ngosuku.
• Ukuthatha i-carbamazepine, i-phenytoin, i-phenobarbital, okanye i-primidone kwaye AKUKHO UKUTHATHA i-valproate:
  • Iiveki 1-2: Thatha i-50 mg ngosuku.
  • Iiveki 3 - 4: Thatha i-100 mg ngosuku, ngeedosi ezahluliweyo.
  • Iveki yesi-5: Thatha i-200 mg ngosuku, ngeedosi ezahluliweyo.
  • Iveki yesi-6: Thatha i-300 mg ngosuku, ngeedosi ezahluliweyo.
  • Iveki yesi-7: Thatha ukuya kwi-400 mg ngosuku, ngeedosi ezahluliweyo.

Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-0-17 iminyaka)

Iifom zokukhululwa kwangoko (iipilisi, iipilisi ezihlafunwayo, iipilisi ezitshabalalisa ngomlomo)

Akuqinisekiswanga ukuba ezi ntlobo ze-lamotrigine zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza ukuba zisetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 kunyango lwe-bipolar disorder. Akufanelekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe kwaba bantwana kunyango lwesifo esiyi-bipolar.

Umthamo omkhulu (iminyaka eyi-65 nangaphezulu)

Abantu abadala banokuqhubekeka nokwenza iziyobisi ngokuthe chu. Umthamo oqhelekileyo wabantu abadala unokubangela amanqanaba eziyobisi emzimbeni wakho ukuba abe ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo. Oku kunokuba yingozi. Ukukunceda ukunqanda oku, ugqirha wakho ukuqala kwam kumthamo ongezantsi okanye ishedyuli eyahlukileyo yedosi.

Ukuqwalaselwa okhethekileyo kwedosi

• Kubantu abanesifo sesibindi: Ukuba uneengxaki zesibindi ezinobunzima, ugqirha wakho unokunciphisa idosi ye-lamotrigine.
• Kubantu abanesifo sezintso: Ukuba uneengxaki zezintso, ugqirha wakho unokunciphisa idosi ye-lamotrigine. Ukuba iingxaki zakho zezintso zinzima, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka ulisebenzise na eli chiza.

Isilumkiso somthamo

Umthamo wakho wokuqala we-lamotrigine akufuneki ube ngaphezulu kuneedosi zokuqala ezicetyiswayo. Kwakhona, idosi yakho akufuneki inyuswe ngokukhawuleza.Ukuba idosi yakho iphezulu kakhulu okanye inyuswe ngokukhawuleza, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuqubuka kolusu okunobuzaza okanye okusongela ubomi.

Ukuba uthatha eli chiza ukunyanga ukuxhuzula kwaye kufanele ukuba uyeke ukulithatha, ugqirha wakho uya kuthoba kancinci umthamo wakho ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini. Ukuba idosi yakho ayicothiswanga kancinci kwaye icinyiwe, uya kuba semngciphekweni wokufumana ukuxhuzula okungakumbi.

Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: Injongo yethu kukukunika olona lwazi lufanelekileyo nolukhoyo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi zichaphazela umntu ngamnye ngokwahlukileyo, asinakuqinisekisa ukuba olu luhlu lubandakanya zonke iidosi ezinokubakho. Olu lwazi aluthathi ndawo yengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti malunga needosi ezikulungeleyo.

Thatha njengoko kuyalelwe

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeLamotrigine isetyenziselwa unyango lwexesha elide. Kuza neengozi ukuba awuyithathi njengoko kumiselwe.

Ukuba uyeka ukuthatha iyeza ngesiquphe okanye ungathathi kwaphela: Ukuba uthatha eli chiza ukunyanga ukuxhuzula, ukuyeka iziyobisi ngesiquphe okanye ukungakuthathi kwaphela kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Oku kubandakanya ukwanda komngcipheko wokubanjwa. Babandakanya umngcipheko kwimeko ekuthiwa yimo epilepticus (SE). Nge-SE, ukubanjwa okufutshane okanye okude kwenzeka imizuzu engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu. SE ngxamiseko lonyango.

Ukuba uthatha eli chiza ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukumisa iyeza ngesiquphe okanye ukungalithathi kwaphela kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Indlela oziva ngayo okanye indlela oziphethe ngayo isenokuba mandundu. Kuya kufuneka ungeniswe esibhedlele.

Ukuba uphosa idosi okanye awuthathi ichiza kwishedyuli: Amayeza akho anokungasebenzi kakuhle okanye angayeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze eli chiza lisebenze kakuhle, isixa esithile kufuneka sibe semzimbeni wakho ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ukuba uthatha kakhulu: Unokuba namanqanaba ayingozi amachiza emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba ucinga ukuba uthathe eli chiza kakhulu, tsalela ugqirha wakho okanye ufune isikhokelo kuMbutho waseMelika wamaZiko oLawulo lweTyhefu ngo-1-800-222-1222 okanye ngesixhobo sazo esikwi-intanethi. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Yintoni omele uyenze xa uphosa idosi: Thatha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukhumbule. Ukuba ukhumbula iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwexesha ledosi yakho elandelayo, thatha idosi enye kuphela. Ungaze uzame ukubamba ngokuthatha iipilisi ezimbini ngaxeshanye. Oku kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziyingozi.

Ungaxela njani ukuba ichiza liyasebenza: Ukuba uthatha eli chiza ukunyanga ukuxhuzula, kuya kufuneka ube nokuxhuzula okumbalwa, okanye ukuxhuzula okungaphantsi. Qaphela ukuba awunakuva ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kweli chiza kangangeeveki ezininzi.

Ukuba uthatha eli chiza ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kufuneka ube neziqendu ezimbalwa zemoods ezibi kakhulu. Qaphela ukuba awunakuva ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kweli chiza kangangeeveki ezininzi.

Ukuqwalaselwa okubalulekileyo kokuthatha i-lamotrigine

Gcina ezi ngqwalaselo engqondweni ukuba ugqirha wakho ukumisela i-lamotrigine.

Ngokubanzi

• Zonke iintlobo zeli chiza zingathathwa kunye okanye ngaphandle kokutya.
• Thatha eli chiza ngexesha (ama) elinconyelwe ngugqirha wakho.
• Unokusika okanye utyumle iipilisi zomlomo ezihlafunwayo kunye neziqhelekileyo. Akufanele utyumle okanye usike ukukhutshwa okwandisiweyo okanye iipilisi zomlomo ezidilikayo.

Ukugcina

• Gcina iitafile zomlomo, ezihlafunwayo kunye nezikhulayo ezandisiweyo kubushushu begumbi kwi-77 ° F (25 ° C).
• Gcina iipilisi ezitshabalalisa ngomlomo kubushushu obuphakathi kwama-68 ° F kunye nama-77 ° F (20 ° C nama-25 ° C).
• Gcina la machiza kude nokukhanya.
• Musa ukuwagcina la machiza kwiindawo ezifumileyo okanye ezifumileyo, ezinjengezindlu zangasese.

Ukuzalisa kwakhona

Imigqaliselo yolu nyango iyahlaziywa. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ufune iyeza elitsha ukuze eli gciwane lizaliswe kwakhona. Ugqirha wakho uza kubhala inani lezinto ezigcwalisiweyo kugunyaziswe ngugqirha wakho.

Ukuhamba

Xa uhamba namayeza akho:

• Soloko uphatha amayeza akho kunye nawe. Xa ubhabha, ungaze uyibeke kwingxowa ekhangelwe. Yigcine kwibhegi yakho yokuqhubela phambili.
• Musa ukuzikhathaza ngoomatshini beX-ray kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Abakwazi ukulimaza amayeza akho.
• Kusenokufuneka ubonise abasebenzi besikhululo seenqwelomoya ilebhile yekhemesti yakho. Soloko uphatha ikhonteyina eneleta emiselweyo yentsusa.
• Musa ukubeka eli yeza kwigumbi leglavu lemoto yakho okanye ulishiye emotweni. Qiniseka ukuthintela ukwenza oku xa imozulu ishushu kakhulu okanye ibanda kakhulu.
• Ginya iipilisi zokukhutshwa rhoqo kunye nokwandiswa. Ukuba unengxaki yokuginya, thetha nogqirha wakho. Kusenokubakho olunye uhlobo lweli chiza onokuthi uluthathe.
• Ukuba uthatha ithebhulethi yokuqhekeza ngomlomo, yibeke phantsi kolwimi lwakho kwaye uyihambise emlonyeni wakho. Ithebhulethi iya kunyibilika ngokukhawuleza. Ingaginywa okanye ngaphandle kwamanzi.
• Amacwecwe ahlafunwayo anokuginywa kuphele okanye ukuhlafunwa. Ukuba uhlafuna iipilisi, sela intwana yamanzi, okanye incindi yeziqhamo exutywe namanzi, ukunceda ngokuginya. Amacwecwe anokuxutywa emanzini, okanye incindi yeziqhamo exutywe namanzi. Yongeza iipilisi kwi-1 ithisipuni yamanzi (okanye ngokwaneleyo ukugubungela iipilisi) kwiglasi okanye kwipuni. Linda okungenani umzuzu omnye okanye de iipilisi zichithakale ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko xuba isisombululo kunye kwaye usele yonke loo mali.

Ukuzilawula

Ukubeka iliso kwezonyango

Ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga. Ngexesha lonyango lwakho neli chiza, unokufumana uvavanyo lokujonga:

• Iingxaki zesibindi: Uvavanyo lwegazi luya kunceda ugqirha wakho athathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba kukhuselekile kuwe ukuba uqale ukuthatha ichiza, kwaye ukuba ufuna idosi esezantsi.
• Iingxaki zezintso: Uvavanyo lwegazi luya kunceda ugqirha wakho athathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba kukhuselekile kuwe ukuba uqale ukuthatha ichiza, kwaye ukuba ufuna idosi esezantsi.
• Ukuphendula kakubi kolusu: Ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga ngeempawu zempendulo yesikhumba. Olu phawu lolusu lusongela ubomi.
• Iingcinga zokuzibulala kunye nokuziphatha: Ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga ngeengcinga zokuzenzakalisa okanye iindlela zokuziphatha ezinxulumene noko. Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimeko yakho, indlela oziphethe ngayo, iingcinga, okanye iimvakalelo.

Ukongeza, ukuba uthatha eli chiza ukunyanga ukuxhuzula, wena nogqirha kuya kufuneka ujonge ukuba uhlala uthwaxa kangakanani. Oku kuya kukunceda uqiniseke ukuba eli chiza liyakusebenzela.

Kwaye ukuba uthatha eli chiza ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, wena nogqirha kuya kufuneka ujonge ukuba uneziqendu ezingaphi. Oku kuya kukunceda uqiniseke ukuba eli chiza liyakusebenzela.

Ukufumaneka

Ayizizo zonke iikhemesti ezigcina eli chiza. Xa ugcwalisa amayeza akho, qiniseka ukutsalela umnxeba phambili ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ikhemesti yakho iyayiphatha.

Ngaphambi kogunyaziso

Iinkampani ezininzi zeinshurensi zifuna ugunyaziso lwangaphambili lweendlela ezithile zeli chiza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ugqirha wakho uyakufuna ukufumana imvume kwinkampani yeinshurensi ngaphambi kokuba inkampani yakho yeinshurensi ihlawule amayeza.

Ngaba zikhona ezinye iindlela?

Kukho ezinye iziyobisi ezikhoyo ukunyanga imeko yakho. Abanye banokukulungela ngcono kunabanye. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngezinye iindlela zamachiza ezinokusebenzela wena.

Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: I-Healthline yenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuba lonke ulwazi luchanekile, lubanzi kwaye luhlaziyiwe. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqaku akufuneki lisetyenziswe endaweni yolwazi kunye nobuchule bengcali yezempilo enelayisensi. Kuya kufuneka usoloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho okanye nolunye uqeqesho kwezonyango ngaphambi kokuba uthathe nawaphi na amayeza. Ulwazi lweziyobisi oluqulethwe apha luyakwazi ukutshintsha kwaye alujoliswanga ekusetyenzisweni konke okunokwenzeka, imikhombandlela, izilumkiso, izilumkiso, ukuhlangana kweziyobisi, ukungahambelani komzimba, okanye iziphumo ezibi. Ukungabikho kwezilumkiso okanye olunye ulwazi ngesiyobisi esinikiweyo akubonisi ukuba indibaniselwano yeziyobisi ikhuselekile, iyasebenza, okanye ifanelekile kuzo zonke izigulana okanye konke ukusetyenziswa okuthile.