Ukwandiswa kweAtrial Atrial: Yintoni ebangela oko kwaye iphathwa njani?

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu zoku?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Yintoni ebangela oku?
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Ukungasebenzi kwevalve ye-mitral
• Ukungasebenzi kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo
• I-fibrillation ye-Atriya
• Iingxaki zale meko
• Iphathwa njani?
• Iingcebiso zokuthintela
• Iingcebiso
  
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Ushwankathelo

I-atrium yasekhohlo lelinye lamagumbi amane entliziyo. Itholakala kwisiqingatha esiphezulu sentliziyo nakwicala lasekhohlo lomzimba wakho.

I-atrium yasekhohlo ifumana igazi elinomoya omtsha kwimiphunga yakho. Emva koko impompo eli gazi liye kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo nge-mitral valve. Ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo, igazi eline-oksijini etofelwa ngaphandle ngevalvu ye-aortic ukuze ihanjiswe kwizicubu zomzimba wakho ngenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-atrium yasekhohlo inokwandiswa. Funda ukuze ufumanise ukuba kutheni le nto isenzeka kwaye zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho.

Ziintoni iimpawu zoku?

Abanye abantu abane-atrium eyandisiweyo abanokufumana naziphi na iimpawu. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu, zinokubandakanya:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• i-arrhythmia (intliziyo engaqhelekanga)
• ukudumba
• iintlungu zesifuba
• isiqaqa

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Ugqirha wakho unokufumanisa ukuba ukwandiswa kwe-atrium yasekhohlo usebenzisa indlela yokucinga ebizwa ngokuba yi-echocardiography. I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yesakhiwo sentliziyo yakho.

Ngexesha le-echocardiogram, ulala phezu kwetafile ngelixa ugqirha ebeka ii-electrode ezincinci esifubeni sakho. Ugqirha emva koko udlulisa iprosesa esifubeni sakho. Iprojekhthi ivelisa amaza esandi aphuma entliziyweni yakho kwaye emva koko abuyele kwiprobe. Ulwazi olubuyiselwe kwiprobe luye lwatshintshwa lwaba yimifanekiso eboniswe kwisikrini kwigumbi.

Iskena se-CT kunye neMRI sinokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo ngokwandiswa kwe-atrial.

Yintoni ebangela oku?

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokuchaphazela ubungakanani be-atrium yasekhohlo:

• Ubudala. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuguga okuqhelekileyo ngokwako akuyiyo imbangela. Endaweni yoko, utshintsho olwenzeka emzimbeni wakho njengoko uneminyaka yobudala lunokuchaphazela ubungakanani be-atrium yasekhohlo.
• Isini. Amadoda ahlala ene-atrium enkulu yasekhohlo kunabafazi.
• Ubungakanani bomzimba. Ubungakanani be-atrium yasekhohlo bonyuka ngobukhulu bomzimba.

Ezi meko zilandelayo zinokukhokelela ekwandisweni kweatrium yasekhohlo:

Uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)

Ukwandiswa kwe-atrial kwekhohlo kuhlala kubakho kubantu abanexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi. Ukuphononongwa kwezifundo ezili-15 kule minyaka ili-12 idlulileyo kufumanise ukuba ukwandiswa kwe-atrial ekhohlo kukho iipesenti ezili-16 ukuya kwezingama-83 zabantu abanyangekileyo okanye abangahoywanga. Zama ukudibanisa oku kutya ekutyeni okukuko xa unexinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukungasebenzi kwevalve ye-mitral

Imiqathango embalwa ebandakanya i-mitral valve ingakhokelela ekwandiseni kwe-atrial. Ivalve ye-mitral idibanisa i-atrium yasekhohlo kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo.

Kwi-mitral stenosis, i-mitral valve iyancipha. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba i-ventricle yasekhohlo igcwaliswe.

Ekuphindweni kwakhona kwe-mitral, ukuphuma kwegazi kuphuma kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo kunye nokubuyela umva kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Le meko inokubangelwa yimicimbi yolwakhiwo okanye yokusebenza kunye nevalve mitral okanye i-ventricle yasekhohlo.

Kuzo zombini i-mitral stenosis kunye ne-mitral regurgitation, kunzima ngakumbi kwi-atrium yasekhohlo yokumpompa igazi kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo. Oku kungakhokelela ekwandeni koxinzelelo kwi-atrium yasekhohlo, ethi yona ikhokelele ekwandiseni.

Ukungasebenzi kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo

Ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-ventricle yakho yasekhohlo, uxinzelelo kwi-atrium yasekhohlo luya kunyuka ukuze ukwazi ukuzalisa i-ventricle yasekhohlo ngokufanelekileyo. Olu konyuka koxinzelelo lunokukhokelela ekwandisweni kweatrium yasekhohlo. Kule meko, inani lokwandiswa kwe-atrium yasekhohlo linokutyhila inqanaba lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo.

I-fibrillation ye-Atriya

Le yi-arrhythmia (ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga) eyonyusa umngcipheko wokubetha kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo. Kule meko, amagumbi amabini aphezulu wentliziyo yakho, okanye i-atria, abetha ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa namagumbi amabini asezantsi, okanye ii-ventricles. I-Atrial fibrillation inokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha, okanye inokuhlala isigxina.

Akucaci ukuba i-fibrillation ye-atrial ingunobangela okanye ingxaki yokwandiswa kwe-atrial ekhohlo.

Iingxaki zale meko

Ukwandiswa kwe-atrium yasekhohlo kunxulunyaniswa neziphumo ezibi kwezi meko zilandelayo zentliziyo:

• I-fibrillation ye-Atriya. Oku kunxulunyaniswa nokufa okwandileyo kwaye kudweliswe njengezizathu kunye nengxaki yokwandiswa kwethambo lasekhohlo. Omnye wafumanisa ukuba i-5-millimeter nganye inyuka kwi-atrium sangqa yasekhohlo yonyusa umngcipheko wokuphucula i-atrium fibrillation ngama-39 ekhulwini.
• Ukubetha. Kubantu abadala, ukwanda kwesayizi ye-atrium yasekhohlo kwafunyaniswa ukuba kwakuzimele ngokuzimela kwangaphambili ukubetha kweschemic. Umngcipheko wokubetha uya kunyuka ukuba umntu une-atrial fibrillation.
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo. Umntu wabantu abadala wafumanisa ukuba ubungakanani be-atrium yasekhohlo yayiyingqikelelo yokusilela kwentliziyo yokuxinana.

Iphathwa njani?

Nje ukuba ukwandiswa kwe-atrial kwenzeke, unyango lujikeleza ekujonganeni nezinto ezibangele oko.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokunyangwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• ukuthatha amayeza, anjenge-beta-blockers, i-calcium channel blockers, i-alpha-beta-blockers, kunye ne-diuretics
• ukutya ukutya okusempilweni
• ukunciphisa ityuwa
• Ukusebenza ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokugcina ubunzima obunempilo
• ukunciphisa utywala
• ukulawula uxinzelelo

Unyango lwe-mitral stenosis inokubandakanya:

• isingqisho kunye namayeza olawulo
• womchamo
• amayeza anticoagulant okuthintela amahlwili egazi
• ungenelelo lotyando okanye ukutshintshwa kwevalve mitral kwiimeko ezinzulu

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando ukuba unokubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-mitral ngeempawu. Unokucetyiswa ukuba wenze utyando ukuba awunazo iimpawu kodwa kukho ubungqina bokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo.

Zininzi iindlela zonyango ezinokubakho kwi-atrial fibrillation. Ezinye zazo zinokubandakanya:

• isingqisho kunye namayeza olawulo
• amayeza anticoagulant ukunciphisa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi
• inkqubo yokuphefumula ngombane ukuseta kwakhona umbane ngentliziyo xa amayeza engasebenzi
• Inkqubo yokuthanjiswa kwemithambo yamaphaphu xa amayeza enganyamezeleki okanye engasebenzi
• ukufakelwa kwesantya sentliziyo kancinci

Iingcebiso zokuthintela

Kukho iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhulisa ukwandiswa kwe-atrial kunye neengxaki zayo.

Iingcebiso

• Gcina uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu phantsi kolawulo.
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni entliziyweni.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa utywala kunye neemveliso zecuba.
• Gcina indlela yokuphila esebenzayo.
• Zama ukunciphisa umzimba ukuba utyebile.
• Nciphisa uxinzelelo, kuba oku kungakhokelela kwiingxaki zokubetha kwentliziyo.
• Yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba unembali yosapho yentliziyo okanye iimeko zentliziyo.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Kukho unyango oluninzi lweemeko ezibangela ukwandiswa kwe-atrial ekhohlo. Olu luhlu luvela kumayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kungenelelo lotyando. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba unyango lwale meko luhamba nokunyanga iimeko ezibangele oko.

Nje ukuba ufunyanwe unokwandiswa kwemithambo ekhohlo, unokuba semngciphekweni wokongezwa kweengxaki zentliziyo ukuba awuthathi manyathelo okugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-arrhythmias kulawulo.

Ukuba unembali yosapho yesifo sentliziyo okanye imeko zentliziyo, qiniseka ukuba ugqirha wakho uyazi ukuze babeke esweni impilo yentliziyo yakho.