Stroke esikhulu

Umxholo

• Ukuqonda ukubetha okukhulu
• Iimpawu zestroke
• Unobangela wesifo
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo esibuhlungu
• Imiba yomngcipheko wokubetha
• Ukwabelana ngesondo
• Uhlanga okanye ubuhlanga
• Izinto zokuphila
• Amayeza kunye neemeko zonyango
• Ubudala
• Ukuchonga ukubetha
• Unyango olungxamisekileyo lwesibetho esikhulu
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo esibuhlungu
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokubetha okukhulu
• Ukujamelana emva kokubetha
• Inkxaso yabanonopheli
• Umbono wexesha elide
• Ukuthintela ukubetha

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Ukuqonda ukubetha okukhulu

Ukubethwa yinto eyenzekayo xa ukuhamba kwegazi kungena kwingqondo kuphazamiseka. Isiphumo kukuncitshiswa kweoksijini kwizihlunu zobuchopho. Oku kunokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ukukwazi ukuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde m apha ukuba ukuba nako Ngaba, ukuba nako, ukuba nokubuyela kwimeko yokubethwa kuxhomekeke kubukrakra bokubetha nokuba ungakhawuleza kangakanani na ukufumana unyango.

Ukubetha ngamandla kunokuba yingozi, njengoko kuchaphazela iinxalenye ezinkulu zobuchopho. Kodwa kubantu abaninzi abahlangabezana nesifo sokubethwa, ukubuyela umva kukude, kodwa kunokwenzeka.

Iimpawu zestroke

Ubunzima beempawu zixhomekeke kwindawo yokubetha kunye nobukhulu bokubetha. Iimpawu zestroke zingabandakanya:

• ngesiquphe, intloko ebuhlungu
• ukugabha
• ukuqina kwentamo
• ukulahleka kombono okanye ukungaboni kakuhle
• isiyezi
• ilahleko eseleyo
• ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba okanye kobuso
• ukudideka ngequbuliso
• kunzima ukuthetha
• kunzima ukugwinya

Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuqina kunye ne-coma kunokwenzeka.

Unobangela wesifo

Ukubetha kwenzeka xa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kwingqondo yakho kuphazamiseka. Ziyakwazi ukuba yi-ischemic okanye i-hemorrhagic.

Ischemic stroke

Uninzi lweemivimbo luyischemic. Isibetho se-ischemic sivela kwihlwili elithintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwindawo ethile yengqondo.

Ihlwili linokuba sisifo se-cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Oku kuthetha ukuba iyenza kwindawo yokuvalelwa kwengqondo. Ngenye indlela, ihlwili lingangumbala wobuchopho. Oku kuthetha ukuba yenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni kwaye ingena kwingqondo, ekhokelela kwisifo.

Isifo esibuhlungu

Isibetho esophayo senzeka xa imithambo yegazi kwingqondo iphuka, ibangele ukuba igazi liqokelelene kwizihlunu zobuchopho ezingqongileyo. Oku kubangela uxinzelelo kwingqondo. Ingashiya inxalenye yengqondo yakho ihluthwe igazi kunye neoksijini. Malunga neepesenti ezili-13 zemivumbo iyopha, uqikelela uMbutho waseMelika weStroke.

Imiba yomngcipheko wokubetha

Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuThintela izifo, imivimbo emitsha okanye eqhubekayo ichaphazela unyaka ngamnye. Imingcipheko yomngcipheko ibandakanya imbali yosapho yokubetha, kunye:

Ukwabelana ngesondo

Kumaqela amaninzi obudala-ngaphandle kwabantu abadala-imivumbo ixhaphake emadodeni kunabafazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukubetha kuyabulala kwabasetyhini kunamadoda. Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba imivumbo ixhaphakile kubantu abadala, kwaye abantu basetyhini bahlala ixesha elide kunamadoda. Iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa kunye nokukhulelwa nako kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokubethwa ngumfazi.

Uhlanga okanye ubuhlanga

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlaselwa sistroke kunabantu baseCaucasus. Nangona kunjalo, ukungafani komngcipheko phakathi kwabantu kula maqela kuncipha ngobudala:

• AmaMerika Omthonyama
• Abemi baseAlaska
• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika
• abantu bemvelaphi yaseSpain

Izinto zokuphila

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zokuphila zonyusa umngcipheko wesifo:

• ukutshaya
• ukutya
• ukungasebenzi
• ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Amayeza kunye neemeko zonyango

Iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa zinokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo esibuhlungu. Amayeza anciphisa igazi anokunyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo. Oku kubandakanya:

• iwarfarin (Coumadin)
• Rivaroxabanxabisa (Xarelto)
• apixaban (uEliquis)

Ngamanye amaxesha ukucocwa kwegazi kumiselwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubetha kwesistim ukuba ugqirha wakho uziva usemngciphekweni omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo esibuhlungu.

Ukukhulelwa kunye neemeko ezithile zonyango zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo. Ezi meko zibandakanya:

• iingxaki zentliziyo kunye nemithambo
• isifo seswekile
• imbali yokubetha okanye ukubetha
• cholesterol ephezulu
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ngakumbi ukuba alulawulwa
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• isifo metabolic
• migraine
• isifo serhengqa
• iimeko ezibangela imeko ye-hypercoagulable (igazi elingqingqwa)
• iimeko ezibangela ukopha kakhulu, njengeeplatelets ezisezantsi kunye nehemophilia
• Unyango ngamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-thrombolytics (i-clot busters)
• Imbali ye-aneurysms okanye i-vascular saliorities kwingqondo
• i-polycystic ovarian syndrome (i-PCOS), njengoko inxulunyaniswa ne-aneurysms kwingqondo
• amathumba kwingqondo, ngakumbi amathumba amabi

Ubudala

Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokubetha, ngakumbi ukuba:

• ukuba noxinzelelo lwegazi
• unesifo seswekile
• bahlala phantsi
• batyebe kakhulu
• umsi

Ukuchonga ukubetha

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unestroke, baya kwenza iimvavanyo ukubanceda ukuba bafumane isifo. Banokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezithile ukumisela uhlobo lwesifo.

Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Baza kuvavanya ukuphapha kwakho kwengqondo, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nokulingana. Baza kujonga:

• ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka ebusweni bakho, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
• imiqondiso yokudideka
• kunzima ukuthetha
• kunzima ukubona ngesiqhelo

Ukuba uye wabethwa sistroke, ugqirha wakho usenokwenza iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwestrowuku onaso kwaye uqiniseke ukuba bakunika uhlobo olufanelekileyo lonyango. Olunye uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya:

• iMRI
• imbonakalo yemagnethi (i-MRA)
• Ukuskena kwengqondo kwi-CT
• i-angiogram ekhompyutheni ekhompyutheni (CTA)
• i-carotid ultrasound
• i-angioogram yecarotid
• i-electrocardiogram (EKG)
• i-echocardiogram
• iimvavanyo zegazi

Unyango olungxamisekileyo lwesibetho esikhulu

Ukuba unestroke, ufuna ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Ngokukhawuleza ufumana unyango, ngcono amathuba akho okusinda kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Ischemic stroke

Izikhokelo malunga nonyango lwe-stroke zahlaziywa yi-American Heart Association (AHA) kunye ne-American Stroke Association (ASA) ngo-2018.

Ukuba ufika kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuze ufumane unyango iiyure ezi-4/2 emva kokuqala kweempawu, ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo lwesifo se-ischemic kungabandakanya ukusombulula i-clot. Amachiza e-clot-busting aziwa ngokuba yi-thrombolytics ahlala esetyenziselwa le njongo. Oogqirha bahlala benika i-aspirin kwimeko engxamisekileyo yokuthintela nawaphi na amanye amahlwili egazi ekubeni nawo abumbe.

Ngaphambi kokuba ufumane olu hlobo lonyango, iqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba ukubetha akuyonto yokopha. Abacoci begazi banokwenza ukuba isifo sokuqaqamba kwegazi sibe sibi ngakumbi. Oku kungakhokelela nasekufeni.

Unyango olongezelelekileyo lunokubandakanya inkqubo yokukhupha ihlwili kumthambo ochaphazelekayo usebenzisa iicatheters ezincinci. Le nkqubo inokwenziwa kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuqala kweempawu. Yaziwa ngokuba kukususa amahlwili ngoomatshini okanye ngomatshini i-thrombectomy.

Xa ukubetha kukhulu kwaye kubandakanya indawo enkulu yobuchopho, utyando lokukhupha uxinzelelo kwingqondo lunokuba yimfuneko.

Isifo esibuhlungu

Ukuba unesifo esibethayo, abanyamekeli abangxamisekileyo banokukunika amayeza okwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokucothisa ukopha. Ukuba ubusebenzisa abacoci gazi, banokukunika iziyobisi ukubaphikisa. La mayeza aqinisa ukopha.

Ukuba unesifo esibuhlungu, unokufuna utyando olungxamisekileyo ngokuxhomekeka kubukhali bopha. Bayakwenza oku ukulungisa umphanda wegazi ophukileyo nokususa igazi eligqithisileyo elinokuthi libeke uxinzelelo kwingqondo.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokubetha okukhulu

Iingxaki kunye nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukubi kakhulu kuxhomekeke kubukrakra bokubetha. Iingxaki zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• ukukhubazeka
• ubunzima bokuginya okanye ukuthetha
• iingxaki zokulinganisela
• isiyezi
• ukulahleka kwememori
• ubunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo
• ukudakumba
• intlungu
• utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha

Iinkonzo zokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo zinokunceda ukunciphisa iingxaki kwaye zinokubandakanya ukusebenza:

• ingcali yezomzimba ukubuyisela intshukumo
• Ingcali yezemisebenzi yokufunda ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, enje ngemisebenzi ebandakanya ucoceko lomntu, ukupheka nokucoca
• ingcali yokuphakamisa intetho ukuphucula ubuchule bokuthetha
• Isazi ngengqondo ukunceda ukumelana neemvakalelo zoxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo

Ukujamelana emva kokubetha

Abanye abantu abanestroke bayachacha ngokukhawuleza kwaye baphinde bafumane ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo komzimba wabo emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa. Abanye abantu, ukuchacha kungathabatha iinyanga ezintandathu okanye nangaphezulu.

Nokuba uthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba uphinde uchache kwistroke, ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo yinkqubo. Ukuhlala unethemba kunokukunceda umelane. Bhiyozela nayiphi na inkqubela phambili oyenzayo. Ukuthetha nonyango kunokukunceda usebenze kwakhona, kwakhona.

Inkxaso yabanonopheli

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo emva kokubetha, umntu unokufuna ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Kuxhomekeka kubukrakra bokubetha, oku kunokuba ziiveki ezimbalwa, iinyanga, okanye neminyaka.

Kunokuba luncedo kubanonopheli ukuba bazifundise malunga nemivumbo kunye nenkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Abanakekeli banokuzuza ngokujoyina amaqela enkxaso apho banokudibana khona nabanye abanceda abathandekayo babo ukuba bachache emva kokubetha.

Ezinye izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokufumana uncedo zibandakanya:

• Umbutho weSizwe weStroke
• Umbutho waseMelika weStroke
• Inethiwekhi yestroke

Umbono wexesha elide

Imbonakalo yakho ixhomekeke kubukrakra bokubetha nokuba ungalufumana njani unyango ngokukhawuleza. Kungenxa yokuba imivumbo emikhulu ichaphazela izixa ezikhulu zethishu yobuchopho, umbono jikelele awuthandeki.

Ngokubanzi, umbono ulunge ngakumbi kubantu abanestroke se-ischemic. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo abalubeka ebuchotsheni, ukubetha ngokopha kukhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi.

Ukuthintela ukubetha

Landela ezi ngcebiso ukukhusela ukubetha:

• Yeka ukutshaya kwaye uphephe ukuvela kumsi wecuba.
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni.
• Zilolonge okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kuninzi okanye kuzo zonke iintsuku zeveki.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni.
• Nciphisa ukusela kwakho utywala.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho yokugcina amanqanaba eglucose esempilweni.
• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ukugcina amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi usempilweni.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa okanye anike amayeza athile ukukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubetha. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• amayeza e-antiplatelet, anje nge-clopidogrel (Plavix) ukunceda ukuthintela amahlwili egazi ekubeni enze imithambo okanye intliziyo yakho
• ii-anticoagulants, ezinjengewarfarin (Coumadin)
• Iasprini

Ukuba awuzange ube ne-stroke ngaphambili, kuya kufuneka usebenzise i-aspirin kuthintelo ukuba unomngcipheko ophantsi wokopha kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu wesifo sentliziyo (umzekelo, ukubetha nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo).

Thenga iasprini kwi-intanethi.