Mastectomy: yintoni, xa kubonisiwe kunye neentlobo eziphambili

Umxholo

• Xa utyando luboniswa
• Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zotyando
• 1. Ukwahlulahlula amalungu omzimba ngokukhethekileyo
• 2. Iyonke okanye imastectomy epheleleyo
• 3. I-Radical mastectomy
• 4. Uthambo olukhuselayo
• 5. Ezinye iintlobo zemastectomy
• Injani i-postoperative
• Kwenziwa njani kwaye nini ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele

I-Mastectomy yinkqubo yotyando lokususa elinye okanye omabini amabele, athi, kwiimeko ezininzi, aboniswe kubantu abafunyaniswe benomhlaza, kwaye banokuba nocalucalulo, xa kususwe inxenye yethishyu kuphela, iyonke, xa ibele zisuswe ngokupheleleyo okanye zigqibelele xa, ukongeza ebeleni, izihlunu kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane ezinokuthi zachaphazeleka ngenxa yethumba zisuswe.

Ukongeza, i-mastectomy ikwanokuthintela, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo somhlaza wabasetyhini, okanye inokuba nenjongo yobuhle, kwimeko yoqhaqho olunenjongo yokuthambisa, umzekelo.

Xa utyando luboniswa

I-Mastectomy inokwenziwa xa:

• Abasetyhini basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza webele (uthintelo lwe-mastectomy);
• Kuyimfuneko ukuxhasa i-radiotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-chemotherapy kumhlaza wamabele;
• Omnye unokuthintela umhlaza webele kwelinye ibele, xa umfazi sele enomhlaza kwisifuba esinye;
• Umfazi ozisa icarcinoma endaweni yokuhlala, okanye ibhaqwe, kwafunyanwa kwangethuba ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo;
• Kukho umnqweno wokususa amabele, njengakumasculinizing mastectomy.

Ke, kubalulekile ukuba owasetyhini abonane nogqirha wezifo zabasetyhini minyaka le kuvavanyo lothintelo, okanye nanini na kuvela iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonise ubukho besisu esibuhlungu, njengobukho besigaqa, ubomvu okanye ubukho bemfihlo emabeleni. Funda ukuqaphela ezona mpawu zomhlaza wamabele.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zotyando

Kwinjongo nganye enqwenelekayo ukuba ifezekiswe ngokususwa kwebele, uhlobo oluthile lotyando lunokwenziwa, olukhethwe sisazi seengcongconi okanye ugqirha weplastiki, kwimeko nganye. Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zezi:

1. Ukwahlulahlula amalungu omzimba ngokukhethekileyo

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-quadrantectomy okanye i-sectorectomy, lutyando lokususa i-nodule okanye i-benign tumor, nenxalenye yethishu ejikelezileyo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokususwa ngokupheleleyo kwebele.

Kolu tyando, ezinye ii-lymph node ezikufutshane nebele zinokuthi okanye zingasuswa, ukunqanda umngcipheko wokubuyela kwesidumbu.

2. Iyonke okanye imastectomy epheleleyo

Xa zizonke, amadlala mammary isuswe ngokupheleleyo, ukongeza ulusu, areola kunye ingono. Kuboniswe ngcono kwimeko yethumba elincinci, elifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye libekwe kakuhle, ngaphandle komngcipheko wokusasazeka kwimimandla ejikelezileyo.

Kule meko, kunokwenzeka ukuba kususwe okanye kungabikho ndawo kwindawo ye-armpit, ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-tumor ukubuya okanye ukusasazeka.

3. I-Radical mastectomy

Kwi-mastectomy egqibeleleyo, ukongeza ekususeni lonke ibele, izihlunu eziphantsi kwawo kunye ne-ganglia kwingingqi ye-armpit nazo ziyasuswa, kuboniswa iimeko zomhlaza onomngcipheko wokusasazeka.

Kukho umahluko kolu tyando, lwaziwa njenge-Patey's modified radical mastectomy, apho kugcinwa khona umsipha omkhulu we-pectoral, okanye iMadden's modified radical mastectomy, xa kugcinwa zombini izihlunu ezinkulu nezincinci zepectoral.

4. Uthambo olukhuselayo

I-mastectomy yothintelo yenzelwa ukuthintela ukukhula komhlaza, kwaye iboniswa kuphela kwabasetyhini abanomngcipheko omkhulu wesi sifo, njengabo banembali ebalulekileyo yosapho okanye abanolutshintsho kwimfuzo olunokubangela umhlaza, obizwa ngokuba yi-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 . Yazi ixesha lokwenza uvavanyo lwemfuza kumhlaza wamabele.

Olu tyando lwenziwa ngendlela efanayo kwi-mastectomies iyonke okanye egqibeleleyo, kususwe lonke ibele, i-ganglia ekufuphi kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, izihlunu ezijikelezileyo. Ngokubanzi, kwenziwa utyando lwamazwe amabini, kuba kwezi meko, umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza uyafana kuwo omabini amabele.

5. Ezinye iintlobo zemastectomy

Ubundoda okanye ubudoda be-mastectomy luhlobo lotyando lweplastiki olwenziwa ngenjongo yokunika imbonakalo yendoda esifubeni somfazi. Ke, kolu tyando, isifuba siyasuswa, esinokubakho ngeendlela ezahlukileyo, kugqitywe kugqirha weplastiki, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani nohlobo lwamabele amabhinqa ngamnye.

I-Mastectomy inokwenziwa nakwimeko yomhlaza wamabele emadodeni, eyenzeka ngokufane kakhulu, kwaye uqhaqho lwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nakwabasetyhini, nangona amadoda eneempawu ezincinci kakhulu.

Kukwakho notyando lwebele lokuthambisa olubizwa ngokuba yi-mammoplasty, enokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa, ukwandisa okanye ukuphucula ukubonakala kwamabele. Fumanisa ukuba zeziphi iindlela zotyando lweplastikhi lwebele.

Injani i-postoperative

Utyando lokususa amabele luqhaqho oluhlala malunga nemizuzu engama-60 ukuya kuma-90, ngomqolo okanye kwi-anesthesia ngokubanzi.

Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo emva kwenkqubo kuyakhawuleza, kwaye kunokuthatha iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zokulaliswa esibhedlele, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando kwaye nokuba lilizwe elinye okanye alikho kwelinye.

Umbhobho ungashiya, ukuze ukhuseleko luveliswe kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuba inkqubo isusiwe, ekufuneka incanyathiselwe kwaye ilungiselelwe kakuhle ezingubeni ukuze ingatsalwa ngengozi. Lo mbhobho kufuneka uchithe malunga namaxesha ama-2 ngosuku, kunye nenqaku lesixa-mali esichazelwe ukwazisa ugqirha kutyelelo lokubuyela.

Ukongeza, ezinye iingcebiso ekufuneka zilandelwe emva kwexesha lokusebenza zezi:

• Thatha amayeza e-analgesic okanye anti-inflammatory, amiselwe ngugqirha, kwimeko yeentlungu;
• Yiya kutyelelo lokubuyela, oluhlala lucwangcisiwe kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10 emva kwenkqubo;
• Musa ukuthatha ubunzima, ukuqhuba okanye ukuzilolonga ngeli xesha okanye kude kube kugqityiwe kwezonyango;
• Nxibelelana nogqirha kwimeko yomkhuhlane, iintlungu eziqatha, ukuba bomvu okanye ukudumba kwindawo yotyando okanye engalweni kwicala elisebenzayo;

Xa kusenziwa utyando ngokususa ii-lymph node, ukujikeleza kwengalo engqinelanayo kunokuthotywa, kwaye kuya kusiba ngakumbi, kubalulekile ukukhusela kakuhle ekulimaleni, ekutshisweni nasekuthinteleni iinzame ezigqithisileyo.

Emva kwenkqubo, kubalulekile ukuba unyango luqhubeke nge-physiotherapy, eya kuthi incede ekuphuculeni ukuhamba kweengalo, ukujikeleza kunye nokunciphisa iikhontrakthi ezibangelwa kukuphilisa. Bona ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nokubuyiselwa emva kokususwa kwebele.

Kwenziwa njani kwaye nini ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele

Emva kokwenza naluphi na uhlobo lwe-mastectomy, utyando lokwakhiwa kwakhona kwamabele kunokuba yimfuneko ukubuyisela imeko yendalo yamabele. Inokwenziwa kwangoko emva kwenkqubo okanye ngokwamanqanaba, ngokulungiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kommandla, kodwa, kwiimeko ezininzi zomhlaza, kunokuba yimfuneko ukulinda ixesha elithile lokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo okanye emva koviwo ukuqinisekisa ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kweeseli ezimbi .

Bona ngakumbi malunga nendlela okwakhiwa ngayo kwakhona amabele.