Mastoiditis: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Zintoni izizathu
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

I-Mastoiditis kukukrala kwethambo le-mastoid, elibekwe kwindumasi esemva kwendlebe, kwaye liqhelekile ebantwaneni, nangona linokuchaphazela abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Ngokubanzi, i-mastoiditis yenzeka ngenxa yokuxakaniseka kwe-otitis media, xa ii-microorganisms ezibangela usulelo zisasazeka ngaphaya kwendlebe kwaye zifikelele kwithambo.

Usulelo lwe-Mastoid lubangela ukudumba okukhulu kwithambo, okubangela ukuba bomvu, ukudumba kunye nentlungu kwithambo elisemva kwendlebe, ukongeza kumkhuhlane kunye nokukhutshwa kobofu. Kwimeko yeempawu ezibonisa imastoiditis, ukuvavanywa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo, ugqirha wabantwana okanye i-otolaryngologist iyimfuneko, ukuze unyango ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane luqaliswe ngokukhawuleza, kuthintelwe iingxaki ezinje ngokubumba kwethumba kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo se-mastoiditis zibandakanya:

• Ukuqaqanjelwa okungapheliyo kunye nokuqaqamba, endlebeni nakwingingqi ejikeleze indlebe;
• Ubomvu kunye nokudumba kwingingqi esemva kwendlebe;
• Ukwenziwa kwesigaxa emva kwendlebe, esifana nesigaqa, esinokudideka nezinye izizathu. Fumanisa ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto zibangela iqhuma emva kwendlebe;
• Ifiva;
• Ukukhutshwa okumthubi endlebeni;
• Kunokubakho ukwehla ngokuthe ngcembe kumthamo wokuva, kokubini ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwemfihlo, nangenxa yokonakala kwendlebe kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo olunoxanduva lokuva.

I-mastoiditis ebukhali yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokubonisa, nangona kunjalo, ikwavelisa nefom enganyangekiyo, enesantya esivelayo kunye neempawu ezinzima.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ugqirha kufuneka avavanye iimpawu, ahlole indlebe kwaye, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ayalele uvavanyo lwe-imaging olufana nekhompyuter ye-tomography. Ukongeza, ukuchonga ibhaktiriya ebangela usulelo, iisampulu zemfihlo zendlebe zinokuqokelelwa.

Zintoni izizathu

Ngokubanzi, i-mastoiditis ivela ngenxa yesifo se-otitis media esingakhange siphathwe okanye esingakhange senziwe ngokungalunganga, esinokuthi senzeke xa usebenzisa idosi engalunganga, ukumisa ukusetyenziswa ngaphambi kwexesha elichaziweyo okanye xa i-antibiotiki esetyenzisiweyo ayonelanga ukuphelisa unobangela we-microorganism , umzekelo.

Amagciwane adla ngokubangela olu hlobo losulelo zii- I-Staphylococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae kwaye S. aureus, ezikwaziyo ukusasaza ukusuka endlebeni ukufikelela emathanjeni.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-mastoiditis lukhokelwa yi-otorhinolaryngologist, kwaye luqhele ukwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-intravenous antibiotics, enje ngeCeftriaxone, umzekelo, malunga neeveki ezi-2.

Ukuba kukho ukwakheka kwethumba okanye ukuba akukho phuculo lonyango ngokusetyenziswa kweyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane, ukuhanjiswa kwemfihlo kungabonakaliswa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-myringotomy okanye, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuvula imastoid.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

Isifo se-mastoiditis esibi kakhulu okanye esingalunganga sinokubangela:

• Ukungeva;
• Meningitis;
• Amathumba ebuchotsheni;
• Usulelo olubangelwa ligazi, olubizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis.

Xa ibangela iingxaki, oko kuthetha ukuba imastoiditis inzulu kakhulu kwaye ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo kwinqanaba lesibhedlele, kungenjalo, inokudala ukufa.