Yonke into kufuneka uyazi malunga neMasisi

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zemasisi
• Imasisi ibangela
• Ngaba imasisi ihamba emoyeni?
• Ngaba imasisi iyosulela?
• Ukuchonga imasisi
• Unyango lwemasisi
• Imifanekiso
• Imasisi kubantu abadala
• Imasisi kwiintsana
• Ixesha lokufukama kwemasisi
• Iindidi zemasisi
• Imasisi vs. irubella
• Uthintelo lweemasisi
• Ugonyo
• Ezinye iindlela zothintelo
• Imasisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Isifo seMasisi

Imasisi, okanye i-rubeola, sisifo sentsholongwane esiqala kwinkqubo yokuphefumla. Ihleli ingunobangela obalulekileyo wokufa kwihlabathi liphela, ngaphandle kokufumaneka kwesitofu esikhuselekileyo nesisebenzayo.

Kwakukho malunga ne-110,000 yokufa kwehlabathi okunxulumene nemasisi kwi-2017, uninzi lwabo kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5, ngokuka. Iimeko zeMasisi ziye zanda eUnited States kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu zemasisi, ukuba isasazeka njani, kunye nendlela enokuthintelwa ngayo.

Iimpawu zemasisi

Iimpawu zemasisi ziqala ukuvela kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-12 zokuchaphazeleka kwintsholongwane. Ziquka:

• ukukhohlela
• ifiva
• impumlo enemifinya
• amehlo abomvu
• umqala obuhkungu
• amabala amhlophe ngaphakathi emlonyeni

Ukuqhaqha kwesikhumba ngokubanzi ngumqondiso weklasi wemasisi. Oku kugqobhoza kunokuhlala kwiintsuku ezisi-7 kwaye ngokubanzi kubonakala ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezili-14 zokuvezwa kwintsholongwane. Ihlala ikhula entloko kwaye isasazeka kancinci kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Imasisi ibangela

Imasisi ibangelwa kukusulelwa yintsholongwane evela kusapho lwe-paramyxovirus. Iintsholongwane zincinci. Nje ukuba wosulelwe, intsholongwane ingena kwiiseli ezisingathiweyo kwaye isebenzise izinto zeselfowuni ukugqibezela ubomi bayo.

Intsholongwane yemasisi ihlasela indlela yokuphefumla kuqala. Nangona kunjalo, iya kuthi ekugqibeleni isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba ngokuhamba kwegazi.

Imasisi yaziwa ngokuba yenzeke ebantwini hayi kwezinye izilwanyana. Kukho iintlobo zemfuza ezaziwayo, nangona zisi-6 kuphela ezijikelezayo ngoku.

Ngaba imasisi ihamba emoyeni?

Imasisi inokusasazeka ngumoya ukusuka kumathontsi okuphefumla kunye nakwiincinci zeerosol. Umntu osulelekileyo angayiyekela emoyeni intsholongwane xa ekhohlela okanye ethimla.

La masuntswana okuphefumla anokuhlala kwizinto nakumphezulu. Unokosuleleka xa uthe wadibana nento engcolileyo, enje ngesiphatho somnyango, emva koko uchukumise ubuso bakho, impumlo, okanye umlomo.

Intsholongwane yemasisi inokuhlala ngaphandle komzimba ixesha elide kunokuba ucinga. Ngapha koko, inokuhlala isosulela emoyeni okanye kwimiphezulu ukuya kuthi ga.

Ngaba imasisi iyosulela?

Imasisi iyosulela kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba usulelo lunokusasazeka ngokulula ukusuka emntwini kuye emntwini.

Umntu ochaphazeleka ekuchaphazeleni intsholongwane yemasisi unethuba elingama-90 lepesenti lokosuleleka. Ukongeza, umntu osulelekileyo unokuqhubeka nokusasaza intsholongwane naphina phakathi kwabantu abasi-9 ukuya kwabali-18 abachaphazelekayo.

Umntu onemasisi ungasasaza intsholongwane kwabanye ngaphambi kokuba bazi ukuba unayo. Umntu owosulelekileyo uyosulela iintsuku ezine phambi kokuba kubonakale irhashalala. Emva kokuba irhashalala ivele, zisosulela ezinye iintsuku ezine.

Eyona nto iphambili ekubambeni imasisi kukungafunyanwa. Ukongeza, amanye amaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki kusulelo lwemasisi, kubandakanya abantwana abancinci, abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

Ukuchonga imasisi

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unemasisi okanye uye wafunyanwa ngumntu onemasisi, nxibelelana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Banokuvavanya kwaye bakukhokele ukuba ubonwe phi ukufumanisa ukuba unosulelo na.

Oogqirha bangayiqinisekisa imasisi ngokujonga irhashalala lolusu lwakho nokujonga iimpawu ezinesi sifo, ezinjengamabala amhlophe emlonyeni, umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela kunye nomqala obuhlungu.

Ukuba bayakrokrela ukuba unokuba nemasisi esekwe kwimbali yakho kunye nokuqwalaselwa, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela intsholongwane yemasisi.

Unyango lwemasisi

Akukho lonyango luthile lwemasisi. Ngokungafaniyo nosulelo lwebacteria, usulelo lwentsholongwane alunantsholongwane kwiintsholongwane. Intsholongwane kunye neempawu ziyanyamalala malunga neeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu.

Kukho iindlela zongenelelo ezikhoyo kubantu abanokuthi babekhe bachaphazeleka kwintsholongwane. Ezi zinokukunceda ukukhusela usulelo okanye ukunciphisa ubunzima bayo. Ziquka:

• isitofu sokuthintela imasisi, esinikwe kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokuvezwa
• idosi yeeproteni zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-immunoglobulin, ethathwe kwisithuba seentsuku ezintandathu zokuvezwa

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo ukuze akuncede ubuye:

• i-acetaminophen (iTylenol) okanye ibuprofen (Advil) ukunciphisa umkhuhlane
• ukuphumla ukunceda ukukhulisa amajoni akho omzimba
• ulwelo oluninzi
• humidifier ukunciphisa umqala kunye umqala obuhlungu
• ivithamini A izongezo

Imifanekiso

Imasisi kubantu abadala

Nangona ihlala inxulunyaniswa nokugula kwabantwana, abantu abadala banokufumana imasisi nayo. Abantu abangagonywanga basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokubamba esi sifo.

Yamkelwa ngokubanzi into yokuba abantu abadala abazalwe ngexesha okanye ngaphambi ko-1957 bakhuselekile kwindalo yemasisi. Kungenxa yokuba iyeza lokuqala lafumana iphepha-mvume ngo-1963. Phambi kwelo xesha, uninzi lwabantu lwaluchanabeke ngokwasulelayo kusulelo kwiminyaka yabo yokufikisa kwaye baba nomzimba omzimba ngenxa yoko.

Ngokwe, iingxaki ezinobuzaza azixhaphakanga nje kuphela kubantwana abancinci, kodwa nakubantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20. Ezi ngxaki zingabandakanya izinto ezifana nenyumoniya, i-encephalitis, kunye nokungaboni.

Ukuba ungumntu omdala ongakhange agonywe okanye akaqinisekanga ngemeko yabo yokugonya, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ukuze afumane ugonyo. Kunconywa idosi enye yokugonya kubantu abadala abangafumananga.

Imasisi kwiintsana

Iyeza lokuthintela imasisi alinikwa abantwana bade babe neenyanga ezili-12 ubudala. Phambi kokufumana idosi yabo yokuqala yokugonya lelona xesha baba sesichengeni sokosulelwa yintsholongwane yemasisi.

Iintsana zifumana ukhuseleko oluthile kwimasisi ngokungenwa kukuzikhusela, okunikezelwa ukusuka kumama kuye emntwaneni ngeplasenta nangexesha lokuncancisa.

Nangona kunjalo, kubonisile ukuba oku kukhuseleka kunokulahleka ngaphezulu nje kweenyanga ezi-2.5 emva kokuzalwa okanye ixesha lokuncancisa liphelile.

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kunokwenzeka ukuba babeneengxaki ngenxa yemasisi. Oku kunokubandakanya izinto ezinje nge-pneumonia, encephalitis, kunye nosulelo lwendlebe olunokubangela ukulahleka kwendlebe.

Ixesha lokufukama kwemasisi

Ixesha lokufukama kwesifo esosulelayo lixesha elidlula phakathi kokubhencwa naxa kuvela iimpawu. Ixesha lokufukama kwemasisi liphakathi kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14.

Emva kwexesha lokuqala lokufukama, ungaqala ukufumana iimpawu ezingacacanga, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kunye nempumlo. Irhashalala iya kuqala ukukhula iintsuku ezimbalwa kamva.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba usenokusasaza usulelo kwabanye kwiintsuku ezine ngaphambi kokuphuhlisa irhashalala. Ukuba ucinga ukuba uye wachaphazeleka kwimasisi kwaye khange ugonywe, kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Iindidi zemasisi

Ukongeza kusuleleko lwemasisi oludala, kukwakho nezinye iintlobo zosulelo lwemasisi onokulufumana.

Imasisi ye-atypical yenzeka kubantu abafumene isitofu semasisi esibuleweyo phakathi kuka-1963 no-1967. Xa bevezwa yimasisi, aba bantu behla nesifo esineempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane omkhulu, irhashalala ngamanye amaxesha inyumoniya.

Imasisi eguqulweyo yenzekile kubantu abaye banikwa i-immunoglobulin yasemva kokubhencwa kunye neentsana ezisenomzimba wokuzikhusela. Imasisi eguqulweyo ihlala inamandla ngakumbi kunesiqhelo semasisi.

Imasisi eyophayo ayifane ichazwe eMelika. Kubangela iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane omkhulu, ukuxhuzula, kunye nokopha kulusu kunye neembrane zencindi.

Imasisi vs. irubella

Usenokuba ukhe weva irubella ibizwa ngokuba "yimasisi yaseJamani." Kodwa imasisi kunye nerubella zibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

URubella akosuleli njengemasisi. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu xa umntu obhinqileyo efumana usulelo ngelixa ekhulelwe.

Nangona iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zibangela imasisi kunye nerubella, ziyafana ngeendlela ezininzi. Zombini ezi ntsholongwane:

• Unokusasazeka emoyeni ngokukhohlela kunye nokuthimla
• kubangela umkhuhlane kunye nokukhawuleza okungafaniyo
• zenzeka kuphela ebantwini

Zombini imasisi kunye nerubella zibandakanyiwe kwimasisi-mumps-rubella (MMR) nakwimithi yokugonya yemasisi-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV).

Uthintelo lweemasisi

Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokuthintela ukugula yimasisi.

Ugonyo

Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ingcono yokuthintela imasisi. Amayeza amabini esitofu sokuthintela imasisi ayasebenza ekuthinteleni usulelo lwemasisi.

Zimbini izitofu zokugonya ezikhoyo - isitofu sokugonya seMMR kunye nesitofu sokugonya seMMRV. Isitofu sokugonya seMMR sisitofu sokugonya kathathu-inye esinokukukhusela kwimasisi, uqwilikana, kunye nerubella. Isitofu sokugonya seMMRV sikhusela kusulelo olufanayo nesitofu sokugonya seMMR kwaye sikwaquka ukukhuselwa kurhashalala.

Abantwana bangalufumana ugonyo lwabo lokuqala ngeenyanga ezili-12, okanye ngokukhawuleza ukuba bahambela kumazwe aphesheya, kunye nedosi yabo yesibini phakathi kweminyaka eyi-4 kunye ne-6. Abantu abadala abangazange balufumane ugonyo banokucela iyeza kugqirha wabo.

Amanye amaqela akufuneki afumane ugonyo ngokuchasene nemasisi. La maqela aquka:

• abantu abaye bafumana impendulo eyingozi ebomini ngaphambili kwisitofu sokuthintela imasisi okanye izinto zayo
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo
• abantu abangenakuchukunyiswa, abanokubandakanya abantu abane-HIV okanye i-AIDS, abantu abafumana unyango lomhlaza, okanye abantu kumayeza acinezela amajoni omzimba

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kugonyo zihlala zithambile kwaye ziyanyamalala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Banokubandakanya izinto ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye nerhashalala. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, isitofu sokugonya sinxulunyaniswe nokubalwa kweplatelet ephantsi okanye ukuxhuzula. Uninzi lwabantwana nabantu abadala abafumana isitofu sokuthintela imasisi abanamava eziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba isitofu sokuthintela imasisi sinokubangela i-autism ebantwaneni. Ngenxa yoko, inani elinzima lokufunda linikezelwe kwesi sihloko kwiminyaka emininzi. Olu phando lufumanise ukuba kukho phakathi kogonyo kunye ne-autism.

Ugonyo alubalulekanga nje ukukhusela wena nosapho lwakho. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhusela abantu abangenakugonywa. Xa abantu abaninzi begonyelwe isifo, kunqabile ukuba kujikelezwe kubemi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumhlambi.

Ukufezekisa ukhuseleko lomhlambi kwimasisi, malunga noluntu kufuneka lugonywe.

Ezinye iindlela zothintelo

Asinguye wonke umntu onokufumana ugonyo lwemasisi. Kodwa zikho ezinye iindlela onokunceda ngazo ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwemasisi.

Ukuba usengozini yosulelo:

• Ziqhelise ukucoceka kwesandla. Hlamba izandla zakho ngaphambi kokuba utye, emva kokuhlamba, naphambi kokuchukumisa ubuso, umlomo okanye impumlo.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zabantu kunye nabantu abanokugula. Oku kunokubandakanya izinto ezinje ngokutya izixhobo, iiglasi zokusela, kunye neebrashi zamazinyo.
• Kuphephe ukudibana nabantu abagulayo

Ukuba ugula yimasisi:

• Hlala ekhaya ungabikho emsebenzini okanye esikolweni nakwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke de ungosuleli. Oku ziintsuku ezine emva kokuba uqale uphuhle irhashalala.
• Kulumkele ukunxibelelana nabantu abanokuba semngciphekweni wosulelo, njengabantwana abancinci kakhulu ukuba bangagonywa kunye nabantu abangenakuncitshiswa.
• Vala impumlo nomlomo xa ufuna ukukhohlela okanye ukuthimla. Zilahle zonke izicwili ezisetyenzisiweyo kwangoko. Ukuba awunazo izicwili ezikhoyo, thimla kwigophe lengqiniba yakho, hayi esandleni sakho.
• Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla rhoqo kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane nakweyiphi na imiphezulu okanye izinto oziphatha rhoqo.

Imasisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Abafazi abakhulelweyo abangenakho ukukhuselwa kwimasisi kufuneka banakekele ukuphepha ukuvezwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabo. Ukuhla ngemasisi xa ukhulelwe kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yomama kunye neyomntwana.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo basemngciphekweni owandayo wokufumana iingxaki kwimasisi ezifana nenyumoniya. Ukongeza, ukuba nemasisi xa ukhulelwe kungakhokelela kwezi ngxaki zilandelayo zokukhulelwa:

• ukuphuma kwesisu
• umsebenzi wokuqala
• ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi
• ukuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo

Imasisi inokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama iye emntwaneni ukuba umama unemasisi xa sele eza kubeleka. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yimasisi yokuzalwa. Iintsana ezinesifo semasisi esibelekweni zinerhashalala emva kokuzalwa okanye zikhule kube kanye emva koko. Zisemngciphekweni wokonyuka kweengxaki, ezinokusongela ubomi.

Ukuba ukhulelwe, ungabinakho ukuzikhusela kwimasisi, kwaye ukholelwe ukuba ubhentsisiwe, kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukufumana inaliti ye-immunoglobulin kunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo.

Isifo seMasisi

Imasisi inezinga lokufa eliphantsi ebantwaneni nasebantwini abasempilweni, kwaye uninzi lwabantu abasulelwa yintsholongwane yemasisi bachacha ngokupheleleyo. Umngcipheko weengxaki uphezulu kula maqela alandelayo:

• abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala
• abadala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo
• abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• abantu abangondlekanga
• abantu abanesiphene se-vitamin A.

Phantse abantu abanamava kwimasisi enye okanye nangaphezulu iingxaki. Imasisi inokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi, ezinje nge-pneumonia kunye nokudumba kwengqondo (encephalitis).

Ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nemasisi zingabandakanya:

• usulelo lwendlebe
• inyumoniya
• croup
• urhudo oluqatha
• ubumfama
• iingxaki zokukhulelwa, njengokukhulelwa kwesisu okanye ukubeleka ngaphambi kwexesha
• I-subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), imeko enqabileyo yokuwohloka kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ekhula emva kweminyaka yosulelo

Awunakho ukufumana imasisi ngaphezulu kwesinye. Emva kokuba unayo intsholongwane, ukhuselekile ebomini.

Nangona kunjalo, imasisi kunye nobunzima bayo bunokuthintelwa ngokugonya. Ugonyo alukhuseli wena nosapho lwakho kuphela, kodwa lukwathintela intsholongwane yemasisi ekubeni ijikeleze ekuhlaleni kwaye ichaphazele abo bangenakugonywa.