Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ngenxa yoonobangela bokubanga umzimba

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kukuphulukana nokusebenza kwengqondo okwenzeka kwizifo ezithile.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ngenxa yoonobangela bemetabolism kukuphulukana nokusebenza kwengqondo okunokwenzeka ngeenkqubo ezingaqhelekanga zemichiza emzimbeni. Ngezinye zezi ngxaki, ukuba ziphathwe kwangoko, ukungasebenzi kwengqondo kunokuphinda kubuye. Ukushiya kunganyangwa, ukwenzakala kwengqondo okusisigxina, njengesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kunokwenzeka.

Izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zibandakanye:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwehomoni, njengesifo iAddison, isifo seCushing
• Ukuvezwa kwesinyithi okunzima, njengokukhokelela, iarsenic, imercury, okanye imanganese
• Phinda iziqendu zeswekile esezantsi yegazi (hypoglycemia), edla ngokubonakala kubantu abanesifo seswekile abasebenzisa i-insulin
• Inqanaba eliphezulu le-calcium egazini, ngenxa yehyperparathyroidism
• Inqanaba eliphantsi lehomoni yedlala lengqula (hypothyroidism) okanye inqanaba eliphezulu lehomoni yedlala lengqula (thyrotoxicosis) emzimbeni
• Isibindi sokuqina
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesondlo, njengokunqongophala kukavithamini B1, ukunqongophala kukavithamini B12, ipellagra, okanye iprotein-khalori ukungondleki
• IPorphyria
• Ityhefu, njenge methanol
• Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kotywala
• Isifo sikaWilson
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemitochondria (iindawo ezivelisa amandla kwiiseli)
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwinqanaba le-sodium

Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism kunokubangela ukudideka kunye notshintsho ekucingeni nasekuqiqeni. Olu tshintsho lunokuba lwexeshana elifutshane okanye elihlala ixesha elide. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo senzeka xa iimpawu zingaguquki. Iimpawu zinokwahluka kuye wonke umntu. Baxhomekeke kwimeko yezempilo ebangela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zinokubandakanya:

• Ubunzima ngemisebenzi ethatha ingcinga ethile kodwa esetyenziselwa ukuza ngokulula, njengokulinganisa incwadi yokukhangela, ukudlala imidlalo (enjengebhulorho), kunye nokufunda ulwazi olutsha okanye iinkqubo
• Ukulahleka kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo
• Iingxaki zolwimi, ezinje ngengxaki ngamagama ezinto eziqhelekileyo
• Ukuphulukana nomdla kwizinto owawuzonwabele ngaphambili, imo ethe tyaba
• Ukubeka izinto endaweni engeyiyo
• Utshintsho lomntu kunye nokulahleka kwezakhono zentlalo, ezinokukhokelela ekuziphatheni okungalunganga
• Utshintsho lwemood olunokubangela ubundlongondlongo kunye noxinzelelo
  
• Ukusebenza kakubi emsebenzini okukhokelela ekuthotyweni okanye ekuphelelweni ngumsebenzi
  

Njengokuba isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo siya sisiba mandundu, iimpawu zibonakala ngakumbi kwaye ziphazamisa ukukwazi ukuzikhathalela:

• Ukutshintsha iipateni zokulala, uhlala uvuka ebusuku
• Ukulibala iinkcukacha malunga neziganeko zangoku, ukulibala iziganeko kwimbali yobomi bomntu
• Ukuba nobunzima ekwenzeni imisebenzi esisiseko, njengokupheka, ukukhetha impahla efanelekileyo, okanye ukuqhuba
• Ukuba nemibono, ukubambana, ukubetha nokuziphatha gwenxa
• Ubunzima bokufunda okanye ukubhala
• Ukwenza izigqibo ngokungalunganga kunye nokuphulukana namandla okuqonda ingozi
• Sebenzisa igama elingalunganga, ungabizi amagama ngokuchanekileyo, uthetha izivakalisi ezididayo
• Ukurhoxa kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni

Umntu unokuba neempawu zokuphazamiseka okubangelwe sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Kuxhomekeka kwisizathu, inkqubo luvo (uviwo lwe-neurologic) lwenziwa ukuchonga iingxaki.

Uvavanyo lokufumanisa imeko yezonyango ebangela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sinokubandakanya:

• Inqanaba ammonia egazini
• I-chemistry yegazi, ii-electrolyte
• Inqanaba leswekile yegazi
• BUN, creatinine ukujonga ukusebenza kwezintso
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo)
• Uvavanyo lwezondlo
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi we-thyroid
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• Inqanaba leVitamin B12

Ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwengqondo, i-EEG (electroencephalogram), intloko ye-CT scan, okanye ukuskena kwentloko ye-MRI kuhlala kwenziwa.

Injongo yonyango kukulawula ukuphazamiseka kunye nolawulo lweempawu. Ngezinye iingxaki zokuphazamiseka komzimba, unyango lunokuyeka okanye luguqule iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo se-Alzheimer awaboniswanga ukuba asebenza kwezi ntlobo zezifo. Ngamanye amaxesha, la machiza asetyenziswa kunjalo, xa olunye unyango lusilela ukulawula iingxaki ezisisiseko.

Izicwangciso kufuneka zenziwe ngononophelo lwasekhaya kubantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Iziphumo ziyahluka, kuxhomekeka kwisizathu sokudodobala kwengqondo kunye nenani lomonakalo kwingqondo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuphulukana nokukwazi ukusebenza okanye ukuzikhathalela
• Ukuphulukana nokukwazi ukusebenzisana
• I-pneumonia, usulelo lomchamo, kunye nosulelo lolusu
• Izilonda zoxinzelelo
• Iimpawu zesingxaki esisisiseko (njengokulahleka kwemvakalelo ngenxa yokwenzakala kwethambo ukuswela i-vitamin B12)

Biza ixesha lokubonana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba iimpawu ziba mandundu okanye ziyaqhubeka. Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba kukho utshintsho ngesiquphe kwimeko yengqondo okanye imeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi.

Ukunyanga oyena nobangela kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokudodobala kwengqondo.

Ingqondo engapheliyo - imetabolism; Ukuqonda okuthobekileyo - imetabolism; I-MCI - imetabolism

• Ingqondo
• Ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yovalo

UBudson AE, uSolomon PR. Ezinye iingxaki ezibangela ukulahleka kwememori okanye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ku: Budson AE, Solomon PR, ii-eds. Ukuphulukana neMemori, isifo se-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 14.

I-Knopman DS. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 374.

UPeterson R, uGraff-Radford J. Isifo i-Alzheimer kunye nezinye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahluko 95.