Ukujonga iMelanoma: Ukuchazwa kweSiteji
Umxholo
- Baxilonga njani oogqirha kwinqanaba le-melanoma?
- Yintoni inkqubo yokubeka esinqeni i-TNM?
- Ngawaphi amanqanaba e-melanoma kunye nonyango olucetyiswayo?
- Iingcebiso zokuthintela imelanoma
Ukulinganisa imelanoma
I-Melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza wolusu obangela ukuba iiseli ezinomhlaza ziqale ukukhula kwii-melanocytes, okanye iiseli ezivelisa i-melanin. Ezi ziiseli ezinoxanduva lokunika ulusu umbala walo. I-Melanoma inokwenzeka naphina eluswini, nkqu nasemehlweni. Nangona imeko inqabile, oogqirha bafumanisa inani elikhulu labantu abane-melanoma kunanini ngaphambili.
Ukuba umntu ufunyaniswe enesifo se-melanoma, ugqirha uya kwenza iimvavanyo ukumisela ukuba i-melanoma isasazeke kangakanani na kwaye ukuba likhulu kangakanani eli thumba. Ugqirha uya kuthi emva koko asebenzise olu lwazi ukunikezela inqanaba kuhlobo lomhlaza. Kukho amanqanaba amahlanu aphambili e-melanoma, ukusuka kwinqanaba 0 ukuya kwinqanaba 4. Ukunyuka kwenani, kokukhona umhlaza uthambekele phambili.
Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuqokelela, oogqirha kunye nezigulana banakho ukuqonda ngcono iindlela zonyango abanokuthi bazenze kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili. Ukulinganisa kunika indawo ekubhekiswa kuyo ngokukhawuleza ukunceda oogqirha banxibelelane nabanye malunga nesicwangciso sonyango lomntu kunye nembonakalo ngokubanzi.
Baxilonga njani oogqirha kwinqanaba le-melanoma?
Oogqirha baya kucebisa ngeendlela zokuvavanya ukumisela ubukho kunye nokusasazeka kwe-melanoma. Imizekelo yezi ndlela ibandakanya:
- Uvavanyo lomzimba. I-Melanoma inokukhula naphi na emzimbeni. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha behlala becebisa ngokuhlolwa kolusu ngokucokisekileyo, kubandakanya nokhakhayi naphakathi kweenzwane. Ugqirha unokucela nangaluphi na utshintsho kutshanje kulusu okanye kwii-moles ezikhoyo.
- Ukuskena i-CT. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-CAT scan, i-CT scan inokwenza imifanekiso yomzimba ichonge iimpawu ezinokubakho kwesifo kunye nokusasazeka kwethumba.
- Iskeni sokujonga iMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Le scan isebenzisa amandla ombane kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso. Ugqirha unokuhambisa into ene-radioactive eyaziwa ngokuba yi-gadolinium eqaqambisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Ukuskena i-Positron emission tomography (PET). Olu lolunye uhlobo lovavanyo lokulinganisa oluvavanya umzimba apho usebenzisa khona iswekile (iswekile yegazi) yamandla. Ngenxa yokuba amathumba ayisebenzisa kakhulu i-glucose, iya kuhlala ibonakala njengendawo eqaqambileyo kwimifanekiso.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi. Abantu abane-melanoma banokuba namanqanaba aphezulu kunalawo aqhelekileyo e-enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
- Uqhaqho. Ugqirha unokuthatha isampulu yesilonda esinomhlaza kunye ne-lymph node ezikufutshane.
Oogqirha baya kuqaphela iziphumo zovavanyo ngalunye xa kumiselwa isigaba somhlaza.
Yintoni inkqubo yokubeka esinqeni i-TNM?
Oogqirha baxhaphakile basebenzisa inkqubo yeqonga eyaziwa ngokuba yiAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM system. Unobumba ngamnye wenkqubo ye-TNM udlala indima ekubekeni ithumba.
- T yenzelwe ithumba. I-tumor enkulu ikhulile, i-tumor iya phambili. Oogqirha baya kunika amanqaku e-T ngokusekwe kubungakanani be-melanoma. I-T0 ayinabungqina bethumba lokuqala, ngelixa i-T1 iyi-melanoma eyi-1.0 millimeter ubukhulu okanye ngaphantsi. I-T4 melanoma inkulu kuneemilimitha ezi-4.0.
- I-N ye-lymph nodes. Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwii-lymph node, iba mandundu ngakumbi. I-NX kuxa ugqirha engakwazi kuvavanya iindawo zommandla, ngelixa i-N0 kuxa ugqirha engakwazi ukubona umhlaza usasazekile kwezinye iindawo. Isabelo se-N3 kuxa umhlaza usasazekile kwii-lymph node ezininzi.
- M yenzelwe imetastasized. Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwamanye amalungu, isifo esiqhelekileyo sisoloko sihlupheka. Isikhundla se-M0 kuxa kungekho bungqina be-metastases. I-M1A xa umhlaza uye wagcoba kwimiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, i-M1C kuxa umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu.
Oogqirha baya kusebenzisa "amanqaku" ukusuka kwezi zinto zonke ukumisela inqanaba le-melanoma.
Ngawaphi amanqanaba e-melanoma kunye nonyango olucetyiswayo?
Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza inqanaba ngalinye le-melanoma kunye nonyango lwayo nganye. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinokwahluka ngokusekwe kwimpilo yomntu iyonke, ubudala, kunye neminqweno yabo yobuqu kunyango.
| 0 | Ithumba lingene kuphela kwi-epidermis, okanye ungqimba lolusu olungaphandle. Elinye igama le melanoma in situ. | Ugqirha uhlala esusa ithumba kwaye ezinye iiseli zijikeleze ithumba ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza ususwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukutyelelwa ngokulandelelana rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kolusu kuyacetyiswa. |
| 1A | Ithumba alikho ngaphezulu kwe-1 millimeter ubukhulu kwaye alisasazekanga kwii-lymph node okanye kumalungu. Ulusu alubonakali lutshitshisiwe okanye luqhekekile kwindawo ye-melanoma. | Ithumba lisuswa ngotyando. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kolusu kufuneka kuqhubeke, kodwa unyango olungaphaya alufuneki rhoqo. |
| 1B | Ithumba lidibana nenye yeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala, bungaphantsi kwe-1 millimeter ubukhulu kwaye bunembonakalo yolusu oluqhekekileyo, okanye okwesibini, ziimilimitha ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ubukhulu ngaphandle kwembonakalo eqhekekileyo. Ayisasazekanga kwezinye ii-lymph node okanye amalungu. | Ukususwa kotyando kunye neeseli eziyingqongileyo kuhlala kuyinto efunekayo. Ukujonga rhoqo ukukhula okutsha kunye nokuchaphazela ulusu kuyacetyiswa. |
| 2A | Ithumba liyi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 iimilimitha ubukhulu kwaye linenkangeleko eqhekekileyo okanye li-2 ukuya kwi-4 leemilimitha ubukhulu kwaye liqhekekile. I-tumor ayisasazekanga kwii-lymph nodes okanye kwizitho ezikufutshane. | Ukususwa kotyando kwezihlunu kunye namalungu angqongileyo kunye nokunyanga okunokubakho njengokhemotherapy kunye nemitha kunokucetyiswa. |
| 2B | Ithumba liyi-2 ukuya kwi-4 yeemilimitha ubukhulu kwaye liqhekekile okanye ngaphezulu kwe-4 yeemilimitha ubukhulu kwaye alonakalanga ngenkangeleko. Ithumba alinwenwanga kwamanye amalungu. | Ukususwa kotyando kunye nezinye izicubu ezijikelezileyo kunokufuneka. Unyango lunokubandakanya i-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation njengoko kufuneka. |
| 2C | Ithumba lingaphezulu kweemilimitha ezi-4 ubukhulu kwaye liqhekekile kwimbonakalo. Ezi tumors kunokwenzeka ukuba zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza. | Ugqirha uya kususa utyando ngotyando. Unyango olongezelelweyo lunokubandakanya ichemotherapy kunye / okanye imitha. |
| 3A3B, 3C | Ithumba linokubakho nakuphi na ubukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli ezinomhlaza zisasazeke kwii-lymph node okanye kwizihlunu ezingaphandle nje kwethumba. | Kucetyiswa ukuba kususwe ii-lymph node. Unyango olongezelelekileyo lunokubandakanya ii-immunotherapies Yervoy okanye i-Imylgic. Olu lonyango oluvunyiweyo lwe-FDA kwinqanaba 3 le-melanoma. |
| 4 | Iiseli ezinomhlaza zisasazekile okanye zisasazeke ngaphaya kwethumba lokuqala. Banokuba kwii-lymph node, ezinye izitho, okanye izicubu ezikude. | Kucetyiswa ukususwa ngotyando kunye ne-lymph node. Unyango olongezelelekileyo lunokubandakanya amayeza e-immunotherapy, unyango ekujolise kulo ngemelanoma, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. |
Iingcebiso zokuthintela imelanoma
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-melanoma luhlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaza wolusu. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu akanakuba nembali ebalulekileyo yokuvezwa lilanga kodwa abe esenayo i-melanoma. Oku kunokubangelwa yimbali yosapho yale meko. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-melanoma:
- Kuphephe ukugqatshuka elangeni okweqile kwaye uhlale emthunzini xa kunokwenzeka ukuphepha imitha yelanga.
- Yeka ukusebenzisa iibhedi zokususa ulusu okanye izibane zelanga kwilinge lokususa. Ngokutsho kweAmerican Cancer Society, abo basebenzisa iibhedi zokulususa ubungozi basemngciphekweni we-melanoma.
- Sebenzisa isixhobo se-mnemonic “Slip! Slop! Ngempama… kwaye usonge! ” ukukhumbula ukutyibilika kwihempe, slop kwi-sunscreen, ukubetha umnqwazi, nokusongela iiglasi zelanga ukukhusela amehlo akho kwimitha yelanga.
- Qhubeka ujonga ulusu rhoqo ukujonga iimpawu zokutshintsha kweemoles. Abanye abantu banokuthatha imifanekiso yolusu lwabo kwaye bayithelekise rhoqo ngenyanga ukumisela ukuba ngaba lukhona utshintsho olwenzekileyo.
Nangaliphi na ixesha umntu abona ukutshintsha kwemolekyuli okanye indawo yolusu ebonakala ikrwada, iqhekekile, okanye inesilonda esibonakalayo kufuneka afune ugqirha wesikhumba ukuba avavanye isifo somhlaza.
Ithandwa
Inqanaba
