I-Metastatic Melanoma

Umxholo

• Zeziphi iimpawu zemelanoma yemetastatic?
• Zintoni izizathu kunye nemingcipheko yemelanoma yemetastatic?
• Imiba yomngcipheko
• I-metastatic melanoma ifunyaniswa njani?
• Ukuchonga imelanoma
• Ukuchonga imelanoma yemetastatic
• Unyango lwe-metastatic melanoma uphathwa njani?
• Iingxaki ezibangelwa lunyango
• Yintoni umbono we-metastatic melanoma?

Yintoni i-metastatic melanoma?

I-Melanoma lolona hlobo lunqabileyo noluyingozi lomhlaza wolusu. Iqala kwii-melanocytes, zeeseli kulusu lwakho ezivelisa i-melanin. I-Melanin yi-pigment ejongene nombala wesikhumba.

I-Melanoma ikhula ibe kukukhula kulusu lwakho, oluhlala lufana nee-moles. Oku kukhula okanye izicubu zinokuvela nakwiimolekyuli esele zikhona. I-Melanomas inokwenza ulusu naphina emzimbeni wakho, kubandakanya ngaphakathi emlonyeni okanye kwilungu lobufazi.

I-metastatic melanoma yenzeka xa umhlaza usasazeka ukusuka kwithumba ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho. Oku kwaziwa njengeqonga le-4 le-melanoma. I-Melanoma iyona nto inokwenzeka kuyo yonke i-cancer yomzimba ukuba ibe ne-metastatic xa ingabanjwanga kwangaphambili.

Amaqondo e-melanoma ebekonyuka kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngabantu abayi-10,130 abazakusweleka kwi-melanoma ngo-2016.

Zeziphi iimpawu zemelanoma yemetastatic?

I-moles engaqhelekanga inokuba kuphela kwesibonakaliso se-melanoma engekasasazwa.

Iinyumasi ezibangelwa yimelanoma zinokuba nezi mpawu zilandelayo:

Iasymmetry: Omabini amacala emolekyuli esempilweni ajongeka ngokufanayo ukuba ukrwela umgca kuyo.Iziqingatha ezibini zemole okanye ukukhula okubangelwa yi-melanoma kujongeka kwahluke kakhulu komnye nomnye.

Umda: I-mole ephilileyo inemida egudileyo. I-Melanomas idibanise okanye ingalingani imida.

Umbala: Umhlaza womhlaza uya kuba nombala ongaphezulu komnye kubandakanya:

• ntsundu
• tan
• mnyama
• bomvu
• mhlophe
• luhlaza

Ubukhulu: I-Melanomas inokuthi ibe yikhulu ngobubanzi ngaphezu kwee-moles ezinobungozi. Zihlala zikhula zibe nkulu kunokuba zicinywe ipensile

Kuya kufuneka usoloko ugqirha evavanya imole etshintsha ubungakanani, imilo, okanye umbala kuba inokuba luphawu lomhlaza.

Iimpawu ze-melanoma ye-metastatic ixhomekeke apho umhlaza usasazeke khona. Ezi mpawu zihlala zibonakala nje ukuba umhlaza sele uhambile.

Ukuba une-metastatic melanoma, unokufumana iimpawu ezinje:

• Izigaqa ezilukhuni phantsi kolusu lwakho
• i-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo okanye ezibuhlungu
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwimiphunga yakho
• isibindi esandisiweyo okanye ukulahleka kwesidlo, ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwisibindi sakho okanye esiswini
• iintlungu zethambo okanye amathambo aphukileyo, ukuba umhlaza unwenwele kwithambo
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukudinwa
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukuxhamla, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwingqondo yakho
• ubuthathaka okanye ubundindisholo ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni

Zintoni izizathu kunye nemingcipheko yemelanoma yemetastatic?

I-Melanoma yenzeka ngenxa yokutshintsha kweseli evelisa ulusu. Okwangoku oogqirha bakholelwa ekubeni ukubonwa kakhulu kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet nokuba kukukhanya kwelanga okanye iibhedi zokutshisa ngoyena nobangela uphambili.

I-metastatic melanoma yenzeka xa i-melanoma ingafunyanwa kwaye inyangwe kwangoko.

Imiba yomngcipheko

Zininzi izinto ezinobungozi ezinokuthi zibe negalelo ekuphuhliseni i-melanoma. Abo banembali yosapho ye-melanoma banomngcipheko ophezulu kunabo bangenayo. Phantse iipesenti ezili-10 zabantu abaphuhlisa i-melanoma banembali yentsapho yesi sifo. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• ulusu olukhanyayo nolukhanyayo
• Inani elikhulu leemolekyuli, ngakumbi iimolekyuli ezingaqhelekanga
• Ukuvezwa rhoqo kukukhanya kweultraviolet

Abo badala banamathuba okuphuhlisa i-melanoma kunabantu abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, i-melanoma yenye yezona zomhlaza zixhaphakileyo kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30, ngakumbi abasetyhini abancinci. Emva kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, amadoda anomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-melanoma.

Umngcipheko we-melanomas ekubeni yi-metastatic iphezulu kwabo bane:

• ii-melanomas eziphambili, ezibonakala kukukhula kolusu
• imelanoma engasuswanga
• amajoni omzimba acinezelweyo

I-metastatic melanoma ifunyaniswa njani?

Ukuba uqaphela i-mole engaqhelekanga okanye ukukhula, yenza idinga ukuba lihlolwe ngugqirha wesikhumba. Ugqirha wolusu ngugqirha ogxile kwimeko yesikhumba.

Ukuchonga imelanoma

Ukuba i-mole yakho ibonakala ikrokrela, ugqirha wakho wesikhumba uya kususa isampulu encinci ukukhangela umhlaza wolusu. Ukuba ibuya ilungile, baya kususa imole ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy ekhethiweyo.

Baza kuphinda bavavanye ithumba ngokusekwe kubukhulu balo. Ngokubanzi, ukujiya kwethambo, kokukhona isiba mandundu siba mandundu. Oku kuya kuchaphazela isicwangciso sabo sonyango.

Ukuchonga imelanoma yemetastatic

Ukuba i-melanoma ifunyenwe, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga.

Olunye lovavanyo lokuqala abanoku-odola yi-sentinel node biopsy. Oku kubandakanya ukujova idayi kwindawo leyo i-melanoma isuswe kuyo. Idayi iya kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane. Ezi lymph node zisuswe kwaye zihlolwe iiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba abanomdlavuza, oko kuthetha ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga.

Ukuba umhlaza ukwindawo yakho ye-lymph, ugqirha wakho uya kusebenzisa ezinye iimvavanyo ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke naphi na emzimbeni wakho. Oku kubandakanya:

• X-reyi
• Ukuvavanywa kweCT
• Ukuskena iMRI
• Ukujonga i-PET
• Uvavanyo lwegazi

Unyango lwe-metastatic melanoma uphathwa njani?

Unyango lokukhula kwe-melanoma luza kuqala ngoqhaqho olususiweyo ukususa ithumba kunye neeseli zomhlaza ezijikeleze yona. Utyando lulodwa lunokunyanga imelanoma engekasasazeki okwangoku.

Xa umhlaza usasazekile kwaye usasazekile, ezinye iindlela zonyango ziyafuneka.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwii-lymph node zakho, iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zinokususwa nge-lymph node dissection. Oogqirha banokumisela i-interferon emva kotyando ukunciphisa amathuba okusasazeka komhlaza.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa i-radiation, i-immunotherapy, okanye i-chemotherapy ukunyanga i-metastatic melanoma. Utyando lunokusetyenziselwa ukususa umhlaza kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho.

I-metastatic melanoma idla ngokuba nzima ukunyanga. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezilingo zeklinikhi ziyaqhubeka ezijonga iindlela ezintsha zokunyanga le meko.

Iingxaki ezibangelwa lunyango

Unyango lwe-metastatic melanoma lunokubangela isicaphucaphu, iintlungu, ukugabha nokudinwa.

Ukususwa kwee-lymph node zakho kunokuphazamisa inkqubo ye-lymphatic. Oku kunokukhokelela kulwakhiwo lwamanzi kunye nokudumba kwimilenze yakho, ebizwa ngokuba yi-lymphedema.

Abanye abantu bafumana ukudideka okanye "ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo" ngexesha lonyango lwe-chemotherapy. Oku okwethutyana. Abanye banokufumana i-peripheral neuropathy okanye ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo evela kwikhemotherapy. Oku kunokuba sisigxina.

Yintoni umbono we-metastatic melanoma?

I-Melanoma iyanyangeka ukuba ibanjiwe kwaye inyangwe kwangoko. Nje ukuba i-melanoma ibe yimastastatic, kunzima kakhulu ukunyanga. Umyinge wokusinda weminyaka emihlanu kwinqanaba le-4 le-metastatic melanoma li-15 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini.

Ukuba unayo i-metastatic melanoma okanye i-melanomas ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokufumana ukulandelwa rhoqo kunye nogqirha wakho. I-metastatic melanoma inokuphinda ibuye, kwaye iphinde ibuye kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho.

Ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kubalulekile ukunyanga i-melanoma ngempumelelo ngaphambi kokuba ibe yimastastatic. Yenza idinga nogqirha wakho wesikhumba kuvavanyo lomhlaza wolusu lonyaka. Kuya kufuneka ubatsalele umnxeba xa ubona ii-moles ezintsha okanye ezitshintshayo.