Isifo sengqondo sokukhathaza umntwana kwaneonatal

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela ukuba umntwana abenengxaki yokuphefumla?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wesifo sokubandezeleka sokuphefumla kokubeleka?
• Zithini iimpawu zesifo sokubandezeleka sokuphefumla kokubeleka
• Ichaphazeleka njani isifo sokuphefumla kokubeleka kwangoku?
• Luthini unyango lwe-neonatal yokuphefumla kwesifo soxinzelelo?
• Ndingakuthintela njani ukukhubazeka kwesifo sokuphefumla kokubeleka?
• Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-neonatal yokuphefumla kwesifo soxinzelelo?
• Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Yintoni isifo sokubandezeleka sokuphefumla kokubeleka?

Ukukhulelwa okupheleleyo kuhlala iiveki ezingama-40. Oku kunika ixesha lokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa. Kwiiveki ezingama-40, amalungu adla ngokukhula ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba umntwana uzalwe kwangethuba, imiphunga isenokungakhuli kakuhle, kwaye ayinakusebenza kakuhle. Imiphunga esempilweni ibalulekile kwimpilo iyonke.

Isifo sokubandezeleka sokuphefumla, okanye i-RDS ye-neonatal, inokwenzeka ukuba imiphunga ayikakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha. Iintsana ezine-RDS ezisandula ukuzalwa zinobunzima bokuphefumla ngokwesiqhelo.

I-RDS ye-Neonatal yaziwa ngokuba sisifo se-hyaline membrane kunye nesifo sokuphefumla kwabantwana.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba umntwana abenengxaki yokuphefumla?

I-Surfactant yinto eyenza ukuba imiphunga ikhule kwaye ityikitye. Ikwagcina iisakana zomoya ezincinci emiphungeni, ezaziwa njenge-alveoli, zivulekile. Iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha azinakho ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki zemiphunga kunye nengxaki yokuphefumla.

I-RDS inokwenzeka kwakhona ngenxa yengxaki yophuhliso enxulunyaniswa nemfuza.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wesifo sokubandezeleka sokuphefumla kokubeleka?

Umsebenzi wemiphunga kunye nemiphunga ukhula kwisibeleko. Ukuzalwa kosana kwangethuba, kokukhona iphezulu ingozi yeRDS. Iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-28 zokukhulelwa zisengozini. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• umntakwenu oneRDS
• ukukhulelwa okuninzi (amawele, kathathu)
• Ukungahambi kakuhle kwegazi emntwaneni ngexesha lokubeleka
• ukuhanjiswa ngoqhaqho
• isifo seswekile koomama

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sokubandezeleka sokuphefumla kokubeleka

Usana luya kubonisa imiqondiso ye-RDS kungekudala emva kokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zikhula ngaphakathi kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Iimpawu zokubukela zibandakanya:

• umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Ukugqabhuka kweempumlo
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye nzulu
• ukunciphisa imveliso yomchamo
• Ukuncwina xa uphefumla

Ichaphazeleka njani isifo sokuphefumla kokubeleka kwangoku?

Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela i-RDS, baya kuyalela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lweelebhu ukuthintela usulelo olunokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla. Baza kuyalela i-X-ray yesifuba ukuba ivavanye imiphunga. Uhlalutyo lwegesi yegazi luya kujonga amanqanaba eoksijini egazini.

Luthini unyango lwe-neonatal yokuphefumla kwesifo soxinzelelo?

Xa usana luzalwa lune-RDS kwaye iimpawu zibonakala kwangoko, usana luhlala lulaliswa kwicandelo lokhathalelo olunamandla lwe-neonatal (NICU).

Olona nyango luphambili lweRDS zezi:

• unyango olusebenzayo
• umshini wokuphefumla okanye umatshini oqhubekayo wokunyusa uxinzelelo lomoya (NCPAP)
• Unyango lweoksijini

Unyango olungena endaweni yokusebenza olunqabileyo lunika usana umntu oswele amandla. Unyango luhambisa unyango ngombhobho wokuphefumla. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba kungena emiphungeni. Emva kokufumana i-surfactant, ugqirha uzakuqhagamshela usana kumatshini wokuphefumla. Oku kubonelela ngenkxaso yokuphefumla eyongezelelweyo. Banokuyidinga le nkqubo amatyeli aliqela, kuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko.

Usana lunokufumana unyango lomoya kuphela ngenkxaso yokuphefumla. I-ventilator ibandakanya ukubeka ityhubhu ezantsi kwipayipi yomoya. Umphefumli emva koko uphefumlela usana. Inketho yenkxaso yokuphefumla engeyomfuneko kangako kukucinezelwa kweempumlo okuqhubekayo komoya (NCPAP). Oku kulawula ioksijini ngeempumlo ngesigqumathelo esincinci.

Unyango lweoksijini luhambisa ioksijini kwizitho zosana ngemiphunga. Ngaphandle kweoksijini eyaneleyo, amalungu awasebenzi kakuhle. Umatshini wokuphefumla okanye iNCPAP inokulawula ioksijini. Kwiimeko ezinobulali, ioksijini inokunikwa ngaphandle kwempepho okanye umatshini wempumlo we-CPAP.

Ndingakuthintela njani ukukhubazeka kwesifo sokuphefumla kokubeleka?

Ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha kunciphisa umngcipheko we-RDS ye-neonatal. Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokunikezelwa kwangaphambi kwexesha, fumana ukhathalelo olufanayo ngaphambi kokubeleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye uphephe ukutshaya, iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kunye notywala.

Ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwangoko kunokwenzeka, umama unokufumana i-corticosteroids. La machiza akhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemiphunga kunye nemveliso ye-surfactant, ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwemiphunga yosana.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa ne-neonatal yokuphefumla kwesifo soxinzelelo?

I-RDS ye-Neonatal inokuba mandundu kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi bosana. I-RDS inokubulala. Kukho ukubakho kwengxaki yexesha elide ngenxa yokufumana ioksijini eninzi okanye ngenxa yokuba amalungu engenayo ioksijini. Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• umoya owakhekileyo kwingxowa ejikeleze intliziyo, okanye imiphunga
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ubumfama
• amahlwili egazi
• ukopha kwingqondo okanye emiphungeni
• i-bronchopulmonary dysplasia (ingxaki yokuphefumla)
• umphunga owileyo (pneumothorax)
• usulelo lwegazi
• ukusilela kwezintso (kwi-RDS)

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nomngcipheko weengxaki. Baxhomekeke kubukrakra be-RDS yosana lwakho. Imveku nganye yahlukile. Ezi ziingxaki ezinokwenzeka; zingenakwenzeka kwaphela. Ugqirha wakho unokudibanisa neqela lenkxaso okanye umcebisi. Oku kunokunceda uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo lokujongana nosana ngaphambi kwexesha.

Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

I-RDS yeNonatal inokuba lixesha elinzima kubazali. Thetha kugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha ozelweyo malunga neengcebiso ngezixhobo zokukunceda ulawule iminyaka embalwa ezayo yobomi bomntwana wakho. Ukuvavanywa ngakumbi, kubandakanya iimviwo zamehlo nezokuva kunye nokunyanga ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ukuthetha, kunokuba yimfuneko kwixesha elizayo. Funa inkxaso kunye nenkuthazo kumaqela enkxaso ukukunceda ujongane noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo.