Neuroblastoma

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni i-neuroblastoma?
• Yintoni ebangela i-neuroblastoma?
• Zithini iimpawu zeneuroblastoma?
• Ichongwa njani i-neuroblastoma?
• Luthini unyango lwe-neuroblastoma?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni i-neuroblastoma?

I-Neuroblastoma luhlobo lomhlaza olwenzeka kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neuroblasts. I-Neuroblasts zizicubu zemithambo ezingafakwanga. Zihlala zijika zibe ziiseli zemithambo-luvo ezisebenzayo. Kodwa kwi-neuroblastoma, benza ithumba.

I-Neuroblastoma ihlala iqala kwiincindi zeadrenal. Unamadlala amabini adrenal, enye ngaphezulu kwentliziyo nganye. Amadlala adrenal enza iihormone ezibalulekileyo ezinceda ukulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, iswekile yegazi, kunye nendlela umzimba ophendula ngayo kuxinzelelo. I-Neuroblastoma inokuqala entanyeni, esifubeni okanye kumqolo womqolo.

Yintoni ebangela i-neuroblastoma?

I-Neuroblastoma ibangelwa kukutshintsha (utshintsho) kwiijethi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oyena nobangela wenguquko awaziwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho ludluliselwa kumzali luye emntwaneni.

Zithini iimpawu zeneuroblastoma?

I-Neuroblastoma ihlala iqala kwasebuntwaneni. Ngamanye amaxesha kuqala ngaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana, kwaye ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zibangelwa kukuqunjelwa kwethumba kwizicwili ezikufutshane njengoko ikhula okanye umhlaza usasazeka kwithambo.

• Isigaxa esiswini, entanyeni okanye esifubeni
• Amehlo aqhumayo
• Izangqa ezimnyama ezijikeleze amehlo
• Intlungu yethambo
• Isisu esidumbileyo kunye nengxaki yokuphefumla kwiintsana
• Iintlungu ezingenabuhlungu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phantsi kolusu kwiintsana
• Ukungakwazi ukuhambisa ilungu lomzimba (ukukhubazeka)

Ichongwa njani i-neuroblastoma?

Ukuchonga i-neuroblastoma, umboneleli wezempilo womntwana wakho uya kwenza iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo, ezinokubandakanya

• Imbali yezonyango
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological
• Ukujonga iimvavanyo, ezinjenge-ray-ray, i-CT scan, i-ultrasound, i-MRI, okanye i-MIBG scan. Kwiskena se-MIBG, isixa esincinci sezinto ezinemitha ye-radio sitofelwa emthanjeni. Ihamba ngokuhamba kwegazi kwaye izinamathele kuyo nayiphi na iiseli ze-neuroblastoma. Iskena sibona iiseli.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• I-Biopsy, apho isampulu yethishu isuswe kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwemicroscope
• Umnqweno wethambo lomnqweno kunye ne-biopsy, apho umongo wethambo, igazi, kunye nesiqwenga samathambo sisuswe kuvavanyo

Luthini unyango lwe-neuroblastoma?

Unyango lwe-neuroblastoma lubandakanya:

• Ukuqwalaselwa, okwabizwa ngokuba kukulinda okubukeleyo, apho umboneleli wezempilo enganiki naluphi na unyango de kuvele iimpawu okanye iimpawu zomntwana wakho okanye zitshintshe
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango lwe-chemotherapy ephezulu kunye nonyango ngemitha ngokuhlangulwa kweseli. Umntwana wakho uya kufumana iidosi eziphezulu zekhemotherapy kunye nemitha. Oku kubulala iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa kukwabulala iiseli ezisempilweni. Ke umntwana wakho uya kufumana ukutshintshwa kweseli, ngesiqhelo iiseli zakhe eziqokelelwe ngaphambili. Oku kunceda ukubuyisela iiseli ezisempilweni ezazilahlekile.
• Unyango lwe-Iodine 131-MIBG, unyango lwe-iodine ene-radioactive. Iodine eqhumayo iqokelela iiseli ze-neuroblastoma kwaye iyazibulala ngemitha ekhutshiweyo.
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo, olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ezihlasela iiseli ezithile zomhlaza ngokungonzakalisi kangako kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo

NIH: IZiko leSizwe loMhlaza