Neutropenia: yintoni kunye nezizathu eziphambili

Umxholo

• Oonobangela neutropenia
• Ukujikeleza kwe-neutropenia
• Ifrile neutropenia

I-Neutropenia ingqamana nokwehla kwenani lee-neutrophils, eziziiseli zegazi ezinoxanduva lokulwa izifo. Ngokufanelekileyo, inani le-neutrophils kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-1500 kunye ne-8000 / mm³, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yotshintsho kumongo wethambo okanye kwinkqubo yokuvuthwa kwezi seli, isixa sokujikeleza kwe-neutrophils sinokuhla, sibonakalisa i-neutropenia.

Ngokwenani le-neutrophils efumanekayo, i-neutropenia inokuhlelwa ngokobunzima bayo kwi:

• I-neutropenia ethambileyo, apho i-neutrophils iphakathi kwe-1000 kunye ne-1500 / µL;
• I-neutropenia ephakathi, apho i-neutrophils iphakathi kwama-500 ukuya ku-1000 / µL;
• I-neutropenia enzima, apho ii-neutrophils zingaphantsi kwama-500 / µL, ezinokuthi zithande ukwanda kweefungi kunye neebhaktiriya ezihlala ngokwendalo emzimbeni, zikhokelela kusulelo;

Inani elincinci lokujikeleza kwee-neutrophils, kokukhona umntu enokubakho kwizifo. Kubalulekile ukuba i-neutropenia ivavanywe ngononophelo, njengoko isiphumo sinokuba nefuthe kwiingxaki ngexesha lokuqokelela, ukugcinwa kwesampulu okanye utshintsho kwizixhobo ezenziwa kuhlalutyo, umzekelo. Ke ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba inani elipheleleyo le-neutrophil livavanywe ukubona ukuba, phofu, ikhona i-neutropenia.

Ukongeza, xa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelet liqhelekile kwaye inani lee-neutrophils liphantsi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kubalwe ukubalwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa i-neutropenia.

Oonobangela neutropenia

Ukwehla kwenani le-neutrophils kunokuba ngenxa yemveliso engonelanga okanye utshintsho kwinkqubo yokuvuthwa kwee-neutrophils kumongo wethambo okanye ngenxa yenqanaba eliphezulu lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-neutrophils egazini. Ngenxa yoko, izizathu eziphambili ze-neutropenia zi:

• I-Megaloblastic anemia;
• I-aplastic anemia;
• Wegazi;
• Ipeni eyandisiweyo;
• Ukudumba;
• Inkqubo ye lupus erythematosus;
• Paroxysmal ebusuku hemoglobinuria;
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane, ikakhulu yintsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr kunye nentsholongwane ye-hepatitis;
• Usulelo lwebhakteria, ngakumbi xa kukho isifo sephepha kunye ne-septicemia.

Ukongeza, i-neutropenia inokwenzeka ngenxa yonyango ngamanye amayeza, anje nge-Aminopyrine, Propiltiouracil kunye nePenicillin, umzekelo, okanye ngenxa yokusilela kwe-vitamin B12 okanye i-folic acid, umzekelo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nee-neutrophils.

Ukujikeleza kwe-neutropenia

I-cyclic neutropenia ihambelana nesifo se-autosomal esilawula kakhulu isifo esibonakaliswa ngamanqanaba ancitshisiweyo ee-neutrophils kwimijikelezo, oko kukuthi, zonke iintsuku ezingama-21, ixesha elininzi, kukho ukuhla kwenani lokujikeleza kwe-neutrophils.

Esi sifo sinqabile kwaye senzeka ngenxa yenguquko ekhoyo kwi-chromosome 19 enoxanduva lokuvelisa i-enzyme, i-elastase, kwii-neutrophils. Xa kungekho le enzyme, ii-neutrophils zihlala zitshatyalaliswa.

Ifrile neutropenia

I-neutropenia enamaqhuqhuva yenzeka xa kukho inani elincinci le-neutrophils, elihlala lingaphantsi kwama-500 / µL, lithanda ukwenzeka kosulelo kwaye lukhokelele ekunyukeni kweqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, ngesiqhelo ngaphezulu kwe-38ºC.

Ke ngoko, unyango lwe-febrile neutropenia kubandakanya ukuthatha iziyobisi ezinciphisa umkhuhlane, ii-antibiotics ngomlomo okanye ngomthambo, ngokwento ayithethileyo kugqirha ukuba ulawule usulelo kunye neenaliti zokukhula kwe-neutrophil, ukulwa ne-neutropenia. Ukongeza, kunokuba yimfuneko ukongeza i-antimicrobial yesibini kunyango ukuba isigulana siyaqhubeka nokuba nomkhuhlane emva kweentsuku ezintlanu zokuqala unyango.