Multiple myeloma: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu
• Uqinisekisa njani
• Yenzeka njani i-myeloma ezininzi
• Ngaba uninzi lwe-myeloma lunokunyangwa?
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-myeloma emininzi ngumhlaza ochaphazela iiseli eziveliswa ngumongo wethambo, obizwa ngokuba zii-plasmocytes, eziqala ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye zande ngendlela engalunganga emzimbeni.

Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala, kwaye kumanqanaba okuqala asibangeli zimpawu, de kube ukuphindaphindeka kweeseli ze-plasma ezingafezekanga kunyuka kakhulu kwaye kubangele iimpawu ezinjenge-anemia, utshintsho lwethambo, ukwanda kwecalcium yegazi, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso kunye ukwanda komsebenzi wezintso umngcipheko wosulelo.

I-myeloma eninzi isathathwa njengesifo esinganyangekiyo, nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olukhoyo ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke ixesha lokuzinziswa kwesifo iminyaka kunye namashumi eminyaka. Ukhetho lonyango luboniswa yi-hematologist, kwaye lubandakanya i-chemotherapy ngokudibanisa amayeza, ukongeza kutshintsho lomongo wethambo.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, esi sifo asibangeli zimpawu. Kwinqanaba eliphambili, i-myeloma eninzi inokubangela:

• Ukuhla kwamandla omzimba;
• Ukudinwa;
• Ubuthathaka;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya;
• Ukurhwebesha;
• Intlungu yethambo;
• Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo rhoqo;
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, njenge-anemia, kunciphise iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets. Fumana ngakumbi malunga nolu xinzelelo lomongo wethambo.
• Utshintsho kwimithambo yoluvo.

Iimpawu ezinxulumene nokunyuka kwamanqanaba e-calcium, njengokukhathala, ukudideka kwengqondo okanye i-arrhythmia, kunye notshintsho ekusebenzeni kwezintso, ezinje ngokutshintsha komchamo.

Uqinisekisa njani

Ukufumanisa isifo se-myeloma, ukongeza kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, ugqirha we-hematologist uya ku-odola uvavanyo olunceda ukuqinisekisa esi sifo. O myelogram luvavanyo olubalulekileyo, kuba ngumnqweno wethambo oya kuthi uvumele uhlalutyo lweeseli ezenza umongo, ukwazi ukufumanisa isiqwenga seplasmocyte, esi sifo esihlala ngaphezulu kwe-10% yale ndawo. Qonda ukuba yintoni i-myelogram kunye nendlela eyenziwa ngayo.

Olunye uviwo olubalulekileyo luyabizwa iprotein electrophoresis.

Kuyimfuneko ukwenza iimvavanyo ezithi zibeke iliso kwaye zivavanye ubunzima besifo, njengokubala kwegazi ukuvavanya i-anemia kunye nokuphazamiseka kwegazi, umlinganiso wecalcium, onokuthi uphakame, uvavanyo lwe-creatinine lokujonga ukusebenza kwezintso kunye novavanyo lwe-bone imaging, radiographs kunye neMRI.

Yenzeka njani i-myeloma ezininzi

I-myeloma emininzi ngumhlaza wemvelaphi yemfuza, kodwa ezona zizathu zazo azikaqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Ibangela ukuphindaphindeka okungahambanga kakuhle kweeplasmocyte, ezibalulekileyo iiseli eziveliswe kumongo wethambo nomsebenzi wokuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu zokukhusela umzimba.

Kubantu abanesi sifo, ezi plasmocytes zinokuvelisa izihloko eziqokelelana kumongo wethambo, zibangele utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwaso, nakwezinye iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ezinje ngamathambo.

Ukongeza, iiplasmocyte azivelisi izilwa-buhlungu ngokuchanekileyo, endaweni yoko zivelisa iiprotein ezingenamsebenzi ezibizwa ngokuba yiprotein M, enokuthambekisela ngakumbi kusulelo kunye namathuba okubangela ukuphazamiseka kweetyhubhu zokuhluza izintso.

Ngaba uninzi lwe-myeloma lunokunyangwa?

Kule mihla, unyango lwe-myeloma oluninzi luye lwavela kakhulu ngokunxulumene namachiza akhoyo, ke, nangona kungakhange kuchazwe ukuba esi sifo sinonyango, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlale naso ngendlela ezinzileyo iminyaka emininzi.

Ke, ngaphambili, isigulana esine-myeloma emininzi sasinda kwi-2, 4 okanye kwiminyaka emi-5, nangona kunjalo, kule mihla kwaye ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 okanye engama-20. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba akukho mthetho, kwaye imeko nganye iyahluka ngokwamanqaku aliqela, afana nobudala, iimeko zempilo kunye nokuba qatha kwesi sifo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lweziyobisi luboniswa kuphela kwizigulana ezine-myeloma ezininzi ezineempawu, kwaye abo baneemviwo ezingaqhelekanga kodwa abangenasikhalazo sasemzimbeni kufuneka bahlale kwi-hematologist, rhoqo kummiselo wakhe, onokuba zizo zonke iinyanga ezi-6., Umzekelo.

Olunye ukhetho oluphambili lweziyobisi lubandakanya i-Dexamethasone, i-Cyclophosphamide, i-Bortezomib, i-Thalidomide, i-Doxorubicin, i-Cisplatin okanye i-Vincristine, umzekelo, ekhokelwa yi-hematologist, ihlala idityaniswa, kwimijikelo ye-chemotherapy. Ukongeza, amayeza aliqela ayavavanywa ukulungiselela ukuqhubekeka nokunyanga abaguli abanesi sifo.

Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokulawula isifo kakuhle, nangona kunjalo, kucetyiswa kuphela kwizigulana ezingalupheleyo, ngokukhethekileyo zingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala, okanye ezingenazo izifo ezinzulu ezithintela amandla abo, njengentliziyo okanye isifo semiphunga. Fumana ngakumbi malunga nokuba utyando lomongo wenziwa njani, xa kubonisiwe kunye nemingcipheko.