Izinto eziyila igazi nemisebenzi yazo

Umxholo

• Izinto zegazi
• 1. IPlasma
• 2. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye ii-erythrocytes
• 3. Ileukocyte okanye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi
• 4. Iiplatelets okanye ii-thrombocyte
• Iindidi zegazi

Igazi yinto enamanzi enemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle komzimba, njengokuhambisa ioksijini, izakhamzimba kunye neehomoni kwiiseli, ukukhusela umzimba kwizinto zangaphandle nakwizinto ezihlaselayo nasekulawuleni umzimba, ukongeza ekubeni unoxanduva lokususa Izinto zethishu eziveliswa kwimisebenzi yeselfowuni kwaye ezingamele ukuhlala emzimbeni, njengekharbon diokside kunye ne-urea.

Igazi lenziwe ngamanzi, ii-enzymes, iiproteni, iiminerali kunye neeseli, ezinje ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiplatelets kunye neeukocyte, eziziiseli ezinoxanduva lokusebenza kwegazi. Ke kubalulekile ukuba iiseli zijikeleze izixa ezaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle komzimba. Utshintsho kumanqanaba eeseli zegazi lunokubaluleka ekuchongeni ezinye izifo ezinokuthi zenzeke, ezinje ngeanemia, leukemia, ukudumba okanye usulelo, umzekelo, ekufuneka inyangwe.

Uvavanyo oluvavanya iiseli zegazi luyaziwa njengobalo olupheleleyo lwegazi kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuba ukhawuleze ukwenza olu vavanyo, kuboniswa kuphela ukuthintela iziselo ezinxilisayo iiyure ezingama-48 ngaphambi kovavanyo kunye nokuthintela imisebenzi yomzimba kusuku olu-1 ngaphambili, njengoko benokwenza iphazamise iziphumo. Jonga ukuba ubalo lwegazi luni na kunye nokutolika kwalo.

Izinto zegazi

Igazi lenziwe yinxalenye engamanzi kunye nenxalenye eqinileyo. Indawo engamanzi ibizwa ngokuba yi-plasma, i-90% yayo ingamanzi kuphela kwaye ezinye zenziwe ziiproteni, ii-enzymes kunye neeminerali.

Icandelo eliqinileyo lenziwe ngezinto ezicwangcisiweyo, eziziiseli ezinje ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle komzimba.

1. IPlasma

IPlasma yinxalenye engamanzi yegazi, ibonakala ngokungaguquguquki kwaye imthubi ngombala. Iplasma yenziwa esibindini kwaye ezona proteni ziphambili ziiglobulin, ialbumin kunye nefibrinogen. IPlasma inomsebenzi wokuhambisa ikharbon diokside, izakhamzimba kunye neetyhefu eziveliswa ziiseli, ukongeza ekubeni linoxanduva lokuhambisa amayeza emzimbeni wonke.

2. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye ii-erythrocytes

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyinxalenye ebomvu, ebomvu yegazi elinomsebenzi wokuhambisa ioksijini emzimbeni wonke, kuba inehemoglobin. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziveliswa ngumongo wethambo, zihlala malunga neentsuku ezili-120 kwaye emva kwelo xesha zitshatyalalisiwe esibindini nasethilini.

Inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kwi-1 cubic mm emadodeni malunga nezigidi ezi-5 kwaye kwabasetyhini malunga nezigidi ezi-4.5, xa la maxabiso engaphantsi kokulindelweyo, umntu unokuba ne-anemia. Eli nani linokwenziwa ngovavanyo olubizwa ngokuba lilonke ukubala kwegazi.

Ukuba kuvavanyo lwegazi kutsha nje kwaye ufuna ukuqonda ukuba isiphumo sinokuthetha ntoni, faka iinkcukacha zakho apha:

3. Ileukocyte okanye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi

Leukocyte inoxanduva lokukhusela umzimba kwaye iveliswa ngumongo wethambo kunye nee-lymph node. Iileukocyte zenziwe nge-neutrophils, i-eosinophils, i-basophils, ii-lymphocyte kunye ne-monocytes.

• Neutrophils: Bakhonza ekulweni ukudumba okuncinci kunye nosulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye ukungunda. Oku kubonisa ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ukwanda kwee-neutrophils, umntu unokuba nokudumba okubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye ukungunda. I-Neutrophils ibandakanya ibhaktiriya kunye nefungi, enika ezi zinto zingenamsebenzi zingasebenzi, kodwa zife zivelise ubofu. Ukuba olu bofu alushiye umzimba, lubangela ukudumba kunye nokwakheka kwethumba.
• Iifososophil: Bakhonza ekulweni ulwahlulo lwezifo kunye negazi lakho.
• Iibhasophils: Basebenzela ukulwa neebhaktiriya kunye nokungahambelani komzimba, zikhokelela ekukhutshweni kwe-histamine, ekhokelela ekuvuseleleni ukuze iiseli zokhuselo ezingaphezulu zifikelele kummandla oyimfuneko ekususeni iarhente ehlaselayo.
• IiLymphocyte: Zixhaphake kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic system kodwa zikho egazini kwaye ziziindidi ezi-2: B kunye neeseli ze-T ezisebenzela izilwa-buhlungu ezilwa iintsholongwane kunye neeseli zomhlaza.
• Iimonocyte: Banokushiya ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye bakhethekileyo kwi-phagocytosis, ebandakanya ukubulala umhlaseli kunye nokunikezela ngenxalenye yolo hlaselo kwi-T lymphocyte ukuze kuveliswe iiseli zokhuselo ezingaphezulu.

Qonda ngakumbi malunga nokuba zithini ii-leukocyte kwaye zithini ixabiso lesalathiso.

4. Iiplatelets okanye ii-thrombocyte

Iiplatelets ziiseli ezinoxanduva lokuyeka ukopha ngokwenziwa kwamahlwili egazi. I-cubic millimeter yegazi nganye kufuneka ibe ne-150,000 ukuya kwi-400,000 yeeplatelets.

Xa umntu eneeplatelet ezimbalwa kunesiqhelo kukho ubunzima ekuyekiseni ukopha, kunokubakho ukopha okungakhokelela ekufeni, kwaye xa kukho iiplatelets ezingaphezulu kwesiqhelo kukho umngcipheko wokwakheka kwe-thrombus enokuthi isuse ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi enokubangela infarction, ukubetha okanye ukubola kwemiphunga. Bona ukuba iiplatelets eziphezulu nezisezantsi zinokuthetha ntoni.

Iindidi zegazi

Igazi linokuhlelwa ngokobukho okanye ukungabikho kweeantigen A kunye no-B kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ke, iintlobo ezine zegazi zinokuchazwa ngokokuhlelwa kweABO:

1. Uhlobo lwegazi A, apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zine-antigen A kumphezulu wazo zivelise ii-anti-B;
2. Uhlobo lwegazi B, apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zine-B antigen kumphezulu wazo zivelise ii-anti-A antibodies;
3. Uhlobo lwegazi AB, apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zineentlobo ezimbini zeantigen kumphezulu wazo;
4. Uhlobo lwegazi O, apho ii-erythrocyte zingenayo iantigen, kunye nemveliso yeanti-anti kunye ne-anti-B.

Uhlobo lwegazi luchongwa ekuzalweni ngohlalutyo lwelebhu. Fumana konke malunga nodidi lwegazi lakho.

Funda ngakumbi ngeentlobo zegazi kwaye uqonde ukuba umnikelo usebenza njani, kule vidiyo ilandelayo: