Ngaba isifo sikaParkinson sinokubangela ukuba ube nemibono?

Umxholo

• Unxibelelwano phakathi kwesifo sikaParkinson kunye nemibono
• Iintlobo nemibono
• Ukuxhamla kwisifo sikaParkinson
• Izinto ozilindile emhlabane
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo zeParkinson's psychosis?
• Amayeza okunceda ukunyanga isifo sengqondo sikaParkinson
• Yintoni ebangela ukuba nemibono kunye nokukhohlisa?
• Amayeza
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi
• Delirium
• Uxinzelelo
• Yintoni omele uyenze xa umntu enokubona izinto ezingekhoyo okanye ekhohlisa
• Yise kude

I-hallucinations kunye nokukhohlisa kungabangela iingxaki zesifo sika-Parkinson (PD). Zinokuba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba zichazwe njengePD yengqondo.

Iimbono ezingekhoyo yimibono engekhoyo ngenene. Ukukhohlisa ziinkolelo ezingasekelwanga kwinyani. Omnye umzekelo yiparanoia eqhubekayo naxa umntu enikwe ubungqina obuchaseneyo.

I-hallucinations ngexesha le-PD inokoyikisa kwaye idodobalise.

Zininzi izinto ezinokuthi zibe negalelo kukubona izinto ezingekhoyo kubantu abanePD. Kodwa uninzi lwamatyala ayenzeka njengeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza ePD.

Unxibelelwano phakathi kwesifo sikaParkinson kunye nemibono

I-hallucinations kunye nokulahlekiswa kwabantu abane-PD bahlala beyinxalenye yengqondo ye-PD.

I-Psychosis iqhelekile kubantu abane-PD, ngakumbi abo bakumanqanaba esi sifo. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba kwenzeka kubantu abanePD.

bonisa ukuba iimpawu zesifo sengqondo zinxulumene nomsebenzi ophakamileyo weekhemikhali zobuchopho ezibizwa ngokuba yidopamine. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka njengesiphumo samayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iPD.

Nangona kunjalo, isizathu sokuba abanye abantu abane-PD banamava e-psychosis ngelixa abanye bengaqondakali okwangoku.

Iintlobo nemibono

Uninzi lwe-hallucinations nge-PD luyadlula kwaye aludli ngokuba yingozi. Bangoyikisa okanye bakhathaze, nangona kunjalo, ngakumbi ukuba zisenzeka rhoqo.

I-Hallucinations ingaba:

• kubonwe (okubonwayo)
• kuva (ukuva)
• ivumba (olfactory)
• waziva (ubuchule)
• ukungcamla (gustatory)

Ukuxhamla kwisifo sikaParkinson

Ukudakumba kuchaphazela kuphela iipesenti ezisi-8 zabantu abaphila nePD. Ukudakumba kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kunokuba nemibono. Kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukunyanga.

Ukulahlekisa kuhlala kuqala njengokubhideka okuqhubela phambili kwiingcinga ezicacileyo ezingasekelwanga kwinyani. Imizekelo yeentlobo zokukhohlisa abantu abanamava ePD zibandakanya:

• Umona okanye ubunini. Umntu ukholelwa ukuba umntu othile ebomini bakhe akathembekanga okanye akathembekanga.
• Uyatshutshisa. Bakholelwa ukuba umntu othile uphumile ukubafumana okanye abenzakalise ngandlela thile.
• Somatic. Bakholelwa ukuba banokwenzakala okanye enye ingxaki yonyango.
• Ukuziva unetyala. Umntu one-PD uneemvakalelo zokuziva enetyala ezingasekelwanga kwindlela yokuziphatha eyiyo okanye kwizenzo.
• Ukuxoka okuxubileyo. Bafumana iintlobo ezininzi zokulahlekiswa.

Iparanoia, umona kunye nentshutshiso zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zixeliweyo. Banokubeka umngcipheko wokhuseleko kubanonopheli nakumntu onePD ngokwabo.

Izinto ozilindile emhlabane

I-PD ayibulali, nangona iingxaki kwesi sifo zinokuba negalelo kubomi obufutshane obulindelweyo.

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nezinye iimpawu zengqondo ezinje ngombono kunye nokukhohlisa kunegalelo ekwandiseni izibhedlele kunye.

Olunye uphononongo lwango-2010 lufumanise ukuba abantu abane-PD abanamava okukhohlisa, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, okanye ezinye iimpawu zengqondo babesengozini yokufa kwangoko kunabo bangenazo ezi mpawu.

Kodwa ukuthintela kwangoko ukukhula kweempawu zengqondo kunokunceda ekwandiseni ixesha lokuphila kubantu abanePD.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo zeParkinson's psychosis?

Ugqirha wakho unokunciphisa kuqala okanye atshintshe amayeza e-PD owathathayo ukuze abone ukuba ngaba kunciphisa iimpawu zengqondo. Oku malunga nokufumana ibhalansi.

Abantu abanePD banokufuna iidosi eziphezulu zamayeza e-dopamine ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zeemoto. Kodwa umsebenzi we-dopamine akufuneki unyuswe kakhulu kangangokuba ubangele ukuba ube nemibono kunye nokukhohlisa. Ugqirha wakho uya kusebenza nawe ukufumana ibhalansi.

Amayeza okunceda ukunyanga isifo sengqondo sikaParkinson

Ugqirha wakho unokucinga ngokumisela iyeza lokuthomalalisa ubuchwephesha ukuba ukunciphisa amayeza akho e-PD akuncedi ukulawula eli cala.

Amachiza e-antipsychotic kufuneka asetyenziswe ngononophelo olukhulu kubantu abane-PD. Banokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu kwaye bangenza nemibono kunye nokukhohlisa kube kubi ngakumbi.

Iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo ezichasene ne-antipsychotic njenge-olanzapine (iZyprexa) zinokuphucula ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, kodwa zihlala zikhokelela ekonyukeni kweempawu zeemoto ze-PD.

I-Clozapine (Clozaril) kunye ne-quetiapine (Seroquel) zezinye iziyobisi ezibulala abantu ngengqondo abathi oogqirha bahlala bezinika idosi ephantsi ukunyanga isifo sengqondo se-PD. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkxalabo malunga nokhuseleko nokusebenza kwazo.

Ngo-2016, lavunywa iyeza lokuqala ngokukodwa ukuba lisetyenziswe kwi-PD psychosis: pimavanserin (NuPlazid).

Kwi, i-pimavanserin yaboniswa ukunciphisa ubungqingqwa kunye nobukrakra be-hallucinations kunye nokukhohlisa ngaphandle kokudodobala kweempawu eziphambili ze-PD.

Iyeza akufuneki lisetyenziswe kubantu abanesifo sengqondo esihambelana nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ngenxa yomngcipheko okhulayo wokufa.

Iimpawu zengqondo ezibangelwa yi-delirium zinokuphucula nje ukuba imeko engaphantsi inyangwe.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba nemibono kunye nokukhohlisa?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba umntu onePD abe namava okukhohlisa okanye okubona izinto ezingekhoyo.

Amayeza

Abantu abanePD bahlala kufuneka bathathe amayeza aliqela. La mayeza anceda ukunyanga iPD kunye nezinye iimeko ezinxulumene nokwaluphala. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza anokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi.

Ukuthatha amayeza achaphazela ii-dopamine receptors yinto ebalulekileyo yomngcipheko. Kungenxa yokuba amayeza athile e-PD anyusa umsebenzi we-dopamine. Umsebenzi ophezulu we-dopamine ungakhokelela kwimibono kunye neempawu zeemvakalelo kubantu abanePD.

Amachiza anokuba negalelo kwimibono okanye ukukhohlisa kubantu abanePD kubandakanya:

• amantadine (Symmetrel)
• amayeza anti-nokuhlutha
• anticholinergics, njenge-trihexyphenidyl (Artane) kunye ne-benztropine
  imesylate (Cogentin)
• icarbidopa / levodopa (iSinemet)
• I-COMT inhibitors, ezinje nge-entacapone (Comtan) kunye ne-tolcapone (Tasmar)
• I-dopamine agonists, kubandakanya i-rotigotine (NeuPro), pramipexole
  (Mirapex), ropinirole (Requip), igolide (Permax), kunye ne-bromocriptine
  (IParlodel)
• I-MAO-B inhibitors, ezinje nge selegiline (iEldepryl, iCarbex) kunye ne rasagiline (Azilect)
• iziyobisi ezinee-codeine okanye i-morphine
• Ii-NSAID, njenge-ibuprofen (Motrin IB, Advil)
• umthomalalisi
• ii-steroids

Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi

Ukutshintsha kwemichiza kunye nomzimba kwingqondo kunokuba negalelo kwimibono kunye nokulahlekiswa. Oku kuhlala kubonakala kwimeko yesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nemizimba yeLeyy. Imizimba ye-Lewy yidipozithi engaqhelekanga ebizwa ngokuba yi-alpha-synuclein.

Le proteni iyakha kwiindawo zobuchopho ezilawula:

• indlela yokuziphatha
• ukuqonda
• intshukumo

Olunye uphawu lwemeko olunobunzima kunye neenkcukacha ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo.

Delirium

Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomntu okanye ukuqonda kwakhe kubangela ukuphambana. Zininzi iimeko ezinokubangela isiqendu sethutyana sedelirium.

Abantu abanePD banovakalelo kolu tshintsho. Banokubandakanya:

• utshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyo okanye kwindawo engaqhelekanga
• usulelo
• ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte
• ifiva
• ukuswela iivithamini
• ukuwa okanye ukwenzakala entloko
• intlungu
• ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• ukungeva kakuhle

Uxinzelelo

Uxinzelelo phakathi kwabantu abanePD kuqhelekile. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ubuncinci iipesenti ezingama-50 zabantu abanePD baya kuba noxinzelelo. Ukubandezeleka kwe-PD ukuxilongwa kunokuthatha impilo yomntu ngokwengqondo nangokweemvakalelo.

Abantu abanexinzelelo olukhulu banokuba neempawu zengqondo yengqondo, kubandakanya nemibono. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukudakumba ngengqondo.

Abantu abanePD abanokudakumba banokusebenzisa gwenxa utywala okanye ezinye izinto. Oku kunokubangela neziqendu zengqondo yengqondo.

I-anti-depressants inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo kubantu abane-PD. Ezona zisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo kuxinzelelo kwi-PD kukukhetha i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs), enjenge fluoxetine (Prozac).

Yintoni omele uyenze xa umntu enokubona izinto ezingekhoyo okanye ekhohlisa

Ukuphikisana nomntu ofumana imibono okanye ukukhohlisa akunakunceda. Eyona nto unokuyenza kukuzama ukuhlala uzolile kwaye wazi iingcinga zomntu.

Injongo kukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokugcina ukuba bangoyiki.

Ingqondo yengqondo yimeko embi. Inokukhokelela ekubeni umntu azenzakalise okanye enzakalise abanye. Uninzi lweemibono kubantu abanePD bayabonakala. Aziqhelekanga ukusongela ubomi.

Enye indlela yokunceda kukuthatha amanqaku kwiimpawu zomntu, ezinje ngezinto ababezenza ngaphambi kokubona izinto ezingekhoyo okanye ubuqhetseba, kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zeembono abathi bazifumana. Emva koko unokwabelana nabo ngolu lwazi kunye nogqirha wabo.

Abantu abane-PD psychosis bahlala bethule malunga namava anje, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba iqela labo lonyango liqonde uluhlu olupheleleyo lweempawu zabo.

Yise kude

Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo okanye ukukhohlisa okubangelwa yi-PD akuthethi ukuba umntu unesifo sengqondo.

Uninzi lwexesha, i-PD psychosis sisiphumo esisecaleni samayeza athile e-PD.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba wena okanye umntu omkhathaleleyo uhlangabezana nemibono.

Ukuba iimpawu zengqondo ayiphuculanga notshintsho kunyango, ugqirha wakho unokumisela amayeza antipsychotic.