pH Ukungalingani: Umzimba wakho uyigcina njani i-Acid-Base Balance

Umxholo

• Imiphunga kunye nezintso zigcina njani ibhalansi ye-pH
• Iingxaki zokulinganisela i-pH
• Iindidi acidosis
• I-acidosis yokuphefumla
• I-metosis acidosis
• Iindidi zealkalosis
• Ukuphefumla kwealkalosis
• I-alkalosis yeMetabolic
• Bafunyaniswa njani?
• Ukunyanga ukungalingani kwe-pH
• Imbonakalo

Yintoni ibhalansi ye-pH?

Ibhalansi ye-pH yomzimba wakho, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-acid-base balance, linqanaba leeasidi kunye neziseko ezisegazini lakho apho umzimba wakho usebenza ngokukuko.

Umzimba womntu wakhelwe ukugcina ngokwemvelo ukulingana kwe-asidi kunye ne-alkalinity. Imiphunga nezintso zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo. Inqanaba le-pH yegazi eliqhelekileyo li-7.40 kwisikali se-0 ukuya kwi-14, apho i-0 yeyona asidi kwaye i-14 sesona sisisiseko. Eli xabiso lingahluka kancinane nakweliphi icala.

Ukuba imiphunga okanye izintso azisebenzi kakuhle, inqanaba le-pH yegazi lakho linokungalingani. Ukuphazamiseka kwi-acid-base yakho ibhalansi kunokukhokelela kwiimeko zonyango ezibizwa ngokuba yi-acidosis kunye ne-alkalosis. Zombini ezi meko zifuna unyango kubuchwephesha bezonyango, hayi utshintsho nje lokutya.

Imiphunga kunye nezintso zigcina njani ibhalansi ye-pH

Amaphaphu alawula ibhalansi ye-pH yomzimba wakho ngokukhupha icarbon dioxide.

Ikharbhon diokside yinkomfa ene-asidi encinci. Ikwayimveliso yenkunkuma eveliswa ziiseli emzimbeni njengoko zisebenzisa ioksijini. Iiseli ziyikhulula egazini lakho, kwaye isiwe kwimiphunga yakho.

Xa ukhupha, ukhupha i-carbon dioxide, inkqubo ekwanceda ukulawula ibhalansi ye-pH yomzimba wakho ngokunciphisa i-asidi.

Isixa sekharbhon diokside oyikhuphelayo ngumsebenzi wendlela ophefumla okanye uphefumla ngayo. Ingqondo yakho ihlala ikubek 'esweni oku ukuze igcine i-pH efanelekileyo emzimbeni wakho.

Izintso zinceda imiphunga igcine i-acid-base balance ngokukhupha iiasidi okanye iziseko egazini. Iziphumo zezintso kwiasidi zisebenza kancinci kancinci kunaleyo yemiphunga.

Iingxaki zokulinganisela i-pH

Ukungalingani kwegazi le-pH kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezimbini: i-acidosis kunye ne-alkalosis.

I-Acidosis ibhekisa ekubeni negazi eline-asidi kakhulu, okanye i-pH yegazi engaphantsi kwe-7.35. I-Alkalosis ibhekisa ekubeni negazi elisisiseko kakhulu, okanye i-pH yegazi ephezulu kune-7.45.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-acidosis kunye ne-alkalosis esekwe kwisizathu esisisiseko.

Xa i-acidosis okanye i-alkalosis ibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwemiphunga okanye ukuphuma komphunga, kubhekiswa kuko njengokuphefumla. Xa i-acidosis okanye i-alkalosis ibangelwa yingxaki ekusebenzeni kwezintso, kubhekiswa kuko njenge "metabolic."

Iindidi acidosis

I-acidosis yokuphefumla

Ukuphefumla i-acidosis kubangelwa yimiphunga yakho yokungakwazi ukususa i-carbon dioxide eyaneleyo xa uphuma. Oku kunokwenzeka xa imiphunga yakho ichaphazeleka sisifo okanye esinye isifo.

Ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangela i-acidosis yokuphefumula zibandakanya:

• umbefu
• emphysema
• inyumoniya (eqatha)

Ukuphefumla i-acidosis nako kunokubangelwa kukuthatha iziyobisi okanye amayeza okulala. Ingqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ebangela iingxaki zokuphefumla kunokukhokelela kwi-acidosis yokuphefumla.

Iimpawu eziphambili zokuphefumla i-acidosis zezi:

• ukulala kakhulu
• ukudinwa
• ukudideka
• intloko ebuhlungu

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-acidosis yokuphefumla inokuba nzima kwaye ikhokelele ekufeni okanye ekufeni.

I-metosis acidosis

I-Metabolic acidosis yinto eyakhiweyo ye-asidi emzimbeni ophuma kwizintso. Kwenzeka xa umzimba wakho ungenako ukulahla i-asidi engaphezulu okanye ulahlekelwe sisiseko esininzi. Izizathu ezithile zibandakanya:

• ukuba ne-bicarbonate encinci kakhulu egazini lakho, ingxaki enokubakho yokugabha kakhulu okanye urhudo
• Amakhemikhali ayanda ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-insulin, imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ketoacidosis ejongene nabantu abanesifo seswekile
• inqwaba ye-lactic acid, ingxaki enokubakho yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala, umhlaza kunye nokuhlutha
• ukusilela kwezintso ukukhupha i-asidi egazini, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-renal tubular acidosis

I-metabolic acidosis inokubangelwa kukufaka izinto ezithile, ezinje:

• imethanol
• isinqandi sokubanda
• i-aspirin (ngeedosi ezinkulu)

Iimpawu ze-metabolic acidosis zinokubandakanya isicaphucaphu, ukugabha nokudinwa kakhulu.

Njengakwi-acidosis yokuphefumla, i-metabolic acidosis inokubangela isiqaqa okanye ukufa xa ishiywe inganyangwa.

Iindidi zealkalosis

Ukuphefumla kwealkalosis

I-alkalosis yokuphefumla kuxa kukho icarbon dioxide encinci egazini lakho. Izizathu zokuphefumla kwe-alkalosis zibandakanya i-hyperventilation ngenxa yexhala, i-aspirin overdose, umkhuhlane omkhulu, kwaye nokuba zintlungu.

Iimpawu zokuphefumla kwe-alkalosis yimisipha yokuxinana kunye nokujija. Unokuqaphela ukubetheka kwiminwe yakho, iinzwane, kunye nemilebe, kunye nokucaphuka.

I-alkalosis yeMetabolic

I-alkalosis ye-Metabolic yenzeka xa amanqanaba e-bicarbonate egazini lakho ephezulu kakhulu okanye umzimba wakho uphulukana ne-asidi eninzi. Inokuziswa lixesha elide lokugabha, ukusebenzisa kakhulu i-diuretics, okanye i-adrenal gland egqithisileyo.

Ezinye iimeko ezinokukhokelela kwi-alkalosis ye-metabolic ngumonakalo wezintso obangelwa kukuphulukana ngamandla kwamanzi okanye ukungenisa isixa esikhulu sesoda yokubhaka.

Iimpawu ze-alkalosis ye-metabolism zifana nezo zixutyushwa ngasentla kwi-alkalosis yokuphefumula.

Bafunyaniswa njani?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unokungalingani kwe-pH, kubalulekile ukuba ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza ekuthatheni imbali yakho yezonyango, ugqirha uya kusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zegazi kunye nomchamo ukumisela oyena nobangela wokungalingani kwe-pH yakho.

Uvavanyo olunokwenzeka lubandakanya:

• irhasi yegazi ekujongwa kuyo ukujonga ioksijini kunye necarbon dioxide kunye negazi pH
• iphaneli esisiseko yokujonga ukujonga ukusebenza kwezintso kunye namanqanaba ezondlo
• uvavanyo lokuchama ukujonga ukususwa ngokufanelekileyo kweeasidi kunye neziseko
• Uvavanyo lomchamo we-pH ukulinganisa i-alkalinity kunye ne-asidi yomchamo

Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nolunye ulwazi oluqokelelwa ngugqirha wakho, iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zinokwenziwa. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, amanqanaba e-glucose kunye neetone anokuvavanywa. Ukuba utyile i-ethylene glycol okanye i-methylene, unokufumana uvavanyo lwe-osmolality.

Ukunyanga ukungalingani kwe-pH

Unyango lokungalingani kwe-pH luya kwahluka kakhulu ngokubhekisele ekubeni ufumana i-acidosis okanye i-alkalosis, kwaye siyintoni unobangela. Eyona njongo iphambili kukubuyisela inqanaba lesiseko seasidi kwindawo efanelekileyo esempilweni.

Unyango lwe-Acidosis lunokubandakanya:

• ngomlomo okanye nge-intravenous sodium bicarbonate yokunyusa i-pH yegazi
• amayeza okuphucula iindlela zakho zomoya
• Uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwesixhobo soxinzelelo lomoya (CPAP) ukulungiselela ukuphefumla
• citrate yesodium ukunyanga ukusilela kwezintso
• insulin kunye ulwelo efakwa ukunyanga ketoacidosis

Unyango lwe-alkalosis lunokubandakanya:

• ukuphefumla okucothayo ukuba oyena nobangela we-hyperventilation
• Unyango lweoksijini
• amayeza okubuyisela amanqanaba ezakha mzimba, njenge-chloride okanye i-potassium
• ulwelo okanye iziselo ze-electrolyte ukubuyisela ibhalansi ye-electrolyte

Imbonakalo

Ibhalansi yakho ye-pH ibalulekile kwimpilo yakho, kwaye unokumthemba ukuba umzimba wakho uxhotyisiwe ukuze ugcine loo bhalansi ngokwakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa ukuba ibhalansi yakho iphumile kuvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo, baya kwenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukumisela esona sizathu.

Emva kokuba isizathu sifunyenwe, uya kunikwa isicwangciso sonyango sokuyilungisa kwaye ufumane ibhalansi ye-pH yomzimba wakho emgceni.