IPneumomediastinum

Umxholo

• Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko
• Iimpawu
• Uxilongo
• Unyango kunye neendlela zolawulo
• Pneumomediastinum kwiintsana
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-Pneumomediastinum ngumoya embindini wesifuba (i-mediastinum).

I-mediastinum ihleli phakathi kwemiphunga. Iqulethe intliziyo, i-thymus gland, kunye nenxalenye ye-esophagus kunye ne-trachea. Umoya ungabanjiswa kule ndawo.

Umoya ungangena kwi-mediastinum ukwenzakala, okanye ukuvuza kwimiphunga, i-trachea, okanye i-esophagus. I-pneumomediastinum ezenzekelayo (i-SPM) yimo yemeko engenaso isizathu esibonakalayo.

Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko

I-Pneumomediastinum inokwenzeka xa uxinzelelo luphakama emiphungeni kwaye lubangele ukuba iisaka zomoya (alveoli) ziphume. Esinye isizathu esinokubakho kukonakala kwemiphunga okanye ezinye izinto ezikufuphi ezivumela umoya ukuba uvuza embindini wesifuba.

Izizathu zepneumomediastinum zibandakanya:

• ukwenzakala esifubeni
• utyando entanyeni, esifubeni, okanye esiswini esingaphezulu
• iinyembezi kwi-esophagus okanye emiphungeni yokulimala okanye yokuhlinzwa
• imisebenzi ebeka uxinzelelo kwimiphunga, njengokuzilolonga kakhulu okanye ukubeleka
• utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kuxinzelelo lomoya (barotrauma), njengokunyuka ngokukhawuleza ngelixa ushukuma ngokuntywila
• iimeko ezibangela ukukhwehlela okukhulu, njenge-asthma okanye usulelo lwemiphunga
• ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokuphefumla
• ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinganyangekiyo, njengecocaine okanye intsangu
• izifo zesifuba njengesifo sephepha
• izifo ezibangela ukonakala kwemiphunga (isifo semiphunga esiphakathi)
• ukugabha
• indlela yeValsalva (ukuvuthela ngamandla ngelixa uthwele phantsi, indlela esetyenziselwa ukuvula iindlebe zakho)

Le meko inqabile kakhulu. Ichaphazela phakathi kwe-1 kwi-7,000 kunye ne-1 kwi-45,000 yabantu abamkelwe esibhedlele. izalwa nayo.

kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane i-pneumomediastinum kunabantu abadala. Kungenxa yokuba izicwili esifubeni sabo zikhululekile kwaye zinokuvumela umoya ukuba uvuze.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• Isini. Amadoda enza uninzi lweemeko (), ngakumbi amadoda aneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kuma-40.
• Isifo semiphunga. I-Pneumomediastinum ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abane-asthma kunye nezinye izifo zemiphunga.

Iimpawu

Uphawu oluphambili lwe-pneumomediastinum yintlungu yesifuba. Oku kunokuza ngesiquphe kwaye kunokuba nzima. Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukuphefumla nzima okanye nzulu
• ukukhohlela
• intlungu yentamo
• ukugabha
• ingxaki yokuginya
• ilizwi elineempumlo okanye elirhabaxa
• umoya phantsi kwesikhumba sesifuba (i-subcutaneous emphysema)

Ugqirha wakho unokuva isandi esibuhlungu ngexesha kunye nentliziyo yakho xa umamele esifubeni sakho nge-stethoscope. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumqondiso kaHamman.

Uxilongo

Iimvavanyo ezimbini zokucinga zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa le meko:

• Itomography ebhaliweyo (i-CT). Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa i-X-ray ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ngemiphunga yakho. Ingabonisa ukuba umoya ukhona kwi-mediastinum.
• X-reyi. Olu vavanyo lokucinga lusebenzisa iidosi ezincinci zemitha ukwenza imifanekiso yemiphunga yakho. Inokukunceda ufumane unobangela wokuvuza komoya.

Olu vavanyo lunokujonga ukukhala kwi-esophagus okanye kwimiphunga:

• I-Esophagogram yi-X-ray ye-esophagus ethathwe emva kokuba uginye i-barium.
• I-Esophagoscopy idlulisa ityhubhu ezantsi emlonyeni okanye empumlweni ukujonga umqala wakho.
• I-Bronchoscopy ifaka ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscope empumlweni okanye emlonyeni ukuze ujonge indlela ohamba ngayo.

Unyango kunye neendlela zolawulo

IPneumomediastinum ayisiyongozi. Umoya uya kuthi ekugqibeleni uphinde ungene emzimbeni wakho. Eyona njongo iphambili ekuyinyangeni kukulawula iimpawu zakho.

Uza kulala esibhedlele ukuze abekwe iliso. Emva koko, unyango luquka:

• ukuphumla ebhedini
• iintlungu ziyadambisa
• iziyobisi ezichasene noxinzelelo
• iyeza lokukhohlela
• Iintsholongwane, ukuba isifo siyabandakanyeka

Abanye abantu banokufuna ioksijini ukubanceda baphefumle. Ioksijini nayo inokukhawulezisa ukubuyiselwa kwakhona komoya kwi-mediastinum.

Nayiphi na imeko enokuthi ibangele ukwakhiwa komoya, njenge-asthma okanye usulelo lwemiphunga, kuya kufuneka inyangwe.

I-Pneumomediastinum ngamanye amaxesha yenzeka kunye ne-pneumothorax. I-pneumothorax ngumphunga owileyo obangelwa kukwakhiwa komoya phakathi kwemiphunga kunye nodonga lwesifuba. Abantu abane-pneumothorax banokufuna ityhubhu yesifuba ukunceda ukukhupha umoya.

Pneumomediastinum kwiintsana

Le meko inqabile kwiintsana, ichaphazela kuphela i-0.1% yazo zonke iintsana. Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba kubangelwe ngumahluko phakathi koxinzelelo lwomoya (i-alveoli) kunye nezicubu ezibangqongileyo. Ukuvuza komoya kwi-alveoli kwaye kungena kwi-mediastinum.

I-Pneumomediastinum ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezi:

• zikumatshini wokuphefumla ukuze ubancede baphefumle
• phefumla (aspirate) intshukumo yabo yokuqala yamathumbu (meconium)
• Unesifo semiphunga okanye olunye usulelo lwemiphunga

Abanye abantwana abanale meko abanazimpawu. Abanye baneempawu zokuphefumla, kubandakanya:

• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza ngokungaqhelekanga
• ndimbombozela
• Ukugqabhuka kweempumlo

Iintsana ezineempawu ziya kufumana ioksijini yokubanceda baphefumle. Ukuba usulelo lubangele imeko, luya kunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Iintsana zijongwa ngononophelo emva koko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya uyanyamalala.

Imbonakalo

Nangona iimpawu ezinje ngesifuba kunye nokuphefumla kancinci kunokoyikisa, i-pneumomediastinum idla ngokungabalulekanga. I-pneumomediastinum yokuzenzekelayo ihlala iphucula ngokwayo.

Nje ukuba imeko ihambe, ayibuyi. Nangona kunjalo, inokuhlala ixesha elide okanye ibuye ukuba ibangelwe kukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo (njengokusebenzisa iziyobisi) okanye isigulo (esifana nesifuba). Kule meko, umbono uxhomekeke kwisizathu.