Ukuqonda inyumoniya kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nenyumoniya
• Oonobangela benyumoniya
• Imiba yomngcipheko
• Uxilongo
• Inyangwa njani inyumoniya?
• Unyango lwasekhaya
• Unyango esibhedlele
• Yintoni imbono?
• Uthintelo
• Fumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane
• Musa ukutshaya
• Hlamba izandla zakho
• Khathalela impilo yakho

I-pneumonia kubantu abanomdlavuza wemiphunga

I-pneumonia sisifo esiqhelekileyo semiphunga. Isizathu sinokuba ziibhaktheriya, intsholongwane, okanye ifungi.

I-pneumonia inokuba nobulali kwaye ifuna kuphela iveki yonyango ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uqalise imisebenzi yesiqhelo.

Inokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye ifuna iiveki ezininzi zonyango kunye nokuhlala esibhedlele. I-pneumonia inokuba isongela ubomi kwaye iyabulala kwezinye iimeko.

Ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, unomngcipheko okhulayo wokuphucula i-pneumonia. Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neempawu zenyumoniya kubantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga, ukhetho lonyango, kunye nento onokuyenza ukuyikhusela.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nenyumoniya

Iimpawu kunye nezizathu zenyumoniya ziyafana nokuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Usulelo lwebhakteria, lwentsholongwane, kunye nefungus lunokubangela inyumoniya.

Kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukufumanisa inyumoniya ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, nangona kunjalo. Uninzi lweempawu zenyumoniya zinokubonakala ngathi ziimpawu okanye iingxaki zomhlaza wemiphunga.

Oonobangela benyumoniya

I-pneumonia inezizathu ezintathu eziphambili:

• iintsholongwane
• iintsholongwane
• ngundo

Iintsholongwane zibangela isinye kwisithathu samatyala e-pneumonia ase-US unyaka nonyaka. Ezinye iintsholongwane ezinokubangela inyumoniya zibandakanya:

• umkhuhlane
• herpes simplex
• rhinovirus
• intsholongwane ebangela usuleleko lwamalungu okuphefumla

Ukongeza, Mycoplasma pneumoniae kunokubangela inyumoniya.

I-Mycoplasma luhlobo lwebhaktiriya oluhlala lubangela usulelo lokuphefumla. Olu hlobo lwenyumoniya ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba yi "atypical" okanye "ukuhamba" inyumoniya.

Iikhemikhali zinokubangela ukuba ube nenyumoniya. Iirhasi ezithile, iikhemikhali, okanye uthuli olugqithisileyo lunokucaphukisa impumlo yakho kunye neendlela zomoya, kwandise amathuba akho okuba nenyumoniya.

Ukuba nohlobo olunye lwenyumoniya akukuthinteli ukuba ube nohlobo lwesibini. Ngapha koko, abantu abaphuhlisa inyumoniya yentsholongwane banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana usulelo lwebacteria.

Imiba yomngcipheko

Nabani na onokufumana inyumoniya, kodwa umngcipheko othile unyusa amathuba akho. Enye yezo zinto ngumhlaza wemiphunga. Abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga bahlala beba nenyumoniya.

Ezi zinto zongezelelweyo zomngcipheko zonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana inyumoniya:

• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga, esifana nesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD) kunye necystic fibrosis
• ukutshaya icuba
• usulelo lokuphefumla lwamva nje, kubandakanya inyumoniya, ukubanda kwesifuba, umkhuhlane, okanye ilaryngitis
• izifo ezinzima, ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, i-cirrhosis, kunye nesifo sezintso
• uqhaqho olutshanje okanye ukuhlala esibhedlele
• umnqweno

Uxilongo

Ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwaye uqala ukuhlakulela iimpawu ezintsha okanye ezibandayo okanye iimpawu zokuphefumula, ugqirha wakho unokukrokrela ngokukhawuleza i-pneumonia.

Ukulibaziseka ekufumaneni isifo kunye nonyango kunokuba semngciphekweni wobomi, ngenxa yoko ukuxilongwa kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ugqirha wakho unakho:

• yenza uvavanyo lomzimba
• Sebenzisa i-stethoscope ukumamela isifuba sakho ngelixa uphefumla
• odola iX-reyi yesifuba
• oda iimvavanyo zegazi

Ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kunokuba nzima kakhulu kugqirha wakho ukufumanisa i-pneumonia.

Uvavanyo lwakho kunye nokufunyanwa komfanekiso kuya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kuzo zombini iimeko, unokuba ne-wheezing okanye i-rales (isandi esixokozelayo) kuvavanyo lwakho lwemiphunga kwaye i-X-ray yesifuba sakho ingabonisa indawo yokukhanya okanye iindawo ezinobungozi.

Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukucela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Olu vavanyo luya kunceda ugqirha wakho abone ubuzaza bosulelo lwakho kwaye luncede unciphise ukhetho lwakho lonyango.

Olu vavanyo longezelelweyo lubandakanya:

• kuvavanyo lweegesi zegazi zokulinganisa ukulinganisa ubungakanani beoksijini egazini lakho
• uvavanyo lwe-oximetry yokulinganisa ukuba ingakanani ioksijini ehambayo isuka kwimiphunga yakho iye kwigazi lakho
• Iskena se-CT ukubona ukungaqhelekanga ngokucacileyo
• inkcubeko yesikhohlela, ebandakanya ukuhlalutya i-mucus okanye i-phlegm ukuba ukhohlele ukunceda ugqirha wakho abone unobangela wosulelo lwakho
• iinkcubeko zegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zinto ziyingozi zisulelayo ziye kwigazi lakho

Inyangwa njani inyumoniya?

Ukuba unomdlavuza wemiphunga kwaye uvelise inyumoniya, unyango lwakho luya kufana nomntu onenyumoniya ongenawo umhlaza wemiphunga. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukunyanga unobangela wenyumoniya.

Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ngenxa ye-intravenous (IV) ye-antibiotics, okanye unokukwazi ukunyanga i-pneumonia yakho ekhaya nge-antibiotics yomlomo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi zepneumonia yentsholongwane, unyango luya kugxila kukhathalelo oluxhasayo, njengeoksijini eyongezelelweyo, ulwelo lwe-IV, kunye nokuphumla.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuqaphela ezinye izinto ukumisela ukuba ufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango, kubandakanya:

• iminyaka yakho
• impilo yakho iyonke kunye nezinye iingxaki zonyango
• ubukhali beempawu zakho
• iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, izinga lokuphefumla, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo

Unyango lwasekhaya

Ukuba unokufumana ngokukhuselekileyo unyango lwe-pneumonia ekhaya, ugqirha wakho unokumisela i-antibiotics.

I-antibiotics onokuyithatha ekhaya iquka:

• i-azithromycin (iZithromax)
• levofloxacin (iLevaquin)
• iqeecsime
• mzantsiweb

Oku kulandelayo kubalulekile kunyango lwasekhaya oluyimpumelelo:

• ukuphumla
• ukusela ulwelo oluninzi
• ukutya ukutya okusempilweni
• ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha, kubandakanya ukuthatha zonke ii-antibiotics zakho nasemva kokuba uqale uzive ungcono

Unyango esibhedlele

Ukuba uphelela esibhedlele, ukongeza ekunikezeleni amayeza ukunyanga usulelo lwakho kunye neempawu zalo, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika ulwelo olongezelelekileyo ukunceda ukugcina umzimba wakho unamanzi.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, baya kunika i-antibiotiki enokuthi inyange iintlobo ezininzi zosulelo lwebacteria. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba njenge-antibiotic ebanzi. Uya kuyithatha le nto de iziphumo zenkcubeko yesikhohlela ziqinisekise into ephilayo ebangela inyumoniya yakho.

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba intsholongwane ibangela inyumoniya, ii-antibiotics azizukunyanga usulelo lwakho. Amayeza antiviral anokunceda.

Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zamanqanaba asezantsi egazi, ugqirha unokuyalela ioksijini ukuba inyuse ioksijini egazini lakho.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela amayeza ukunyanga iimpawu ezinje ngesifuba okanye ukukhwehlela. Banokucela ugqirha wokuphefumla ukuba asebenze nawe ukunceda ukucoca imfihlo kunye nokuvula iindlela zakho zomoya. Oku kunokunceda ukuphucula ukuphefumla kwakho.

Yintoni imbono?

Umhlaza wemiphunga ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokufa komhlaza emadodeni nakwabasetyhini eUnited States.

Abantu abangaphezu kwe-150,000 baqikelelwa ukuba babulawe ngumhlaza wemiphunga unyaka nonyaka. Usulelo, kubandakanya inyumoniya, sesona sizathu siphambili sokufa kwabantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga.

I-pneumonia inokuba sisifo esibi semiphunga. Ukuba awufumani ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa okufanelekileyo, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu kwaye mhlawumbi nokufa. Olu hlobo losulelo luchaphazela ikakhulu abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wabo wemiphunga sele uthotyelwe.

Uthintelo

Nazi izinto ezintlanu onokuzenza ukunceda ukuthintela inyumoniya:

Fumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane ngunobangela oqhelekileyo wenyumoniya. Ukufumana isitofu sokugonya kukunceda uthintele zombini umkhuhlane kunye nokusuleleka kwinyumoniya.

Musa ukutshaya

Ukutshaya ngumhlaza wemiphunga eMelika. Ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ugqirha wakho sele ethethile nawe malunga nokungatshayi.

Ukuba awukacingi ngoku, ngoku lixesha. Icuba lonakalisa kakhulu imiphunga yakho kwaye linciphisa amandla omzimba wakho wokuphilisa kunye nokulwa nosulelo.

Nazi ezinye iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokuyeka namhlanje.

Hlamba izandla zakho

Sebenzisa izilumkiso ezifanayo ozenzayo xa uzama ukuthintela umkhuhlane ukunqanda inyumoniya. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlamba izandla, ukuthimla okanye ukukhohlela kwigophe lengalo yakho, kunye nokuphepha abantu abagulayo.

Ngenxa yokuba amajoni akho omzimba sele ebuthathaka ngenxa yomhlaza, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba uzame ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane.

Khathalela impilo yakho

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza kufuna ukuba unikele ingqalelo kwimpilo yakho ngeendlela ongenakuba nazo ngaphambili.

Phumla rhoqo, yitya ukutya okusempilweni, kwaye wenze imithambo njengoko umzimba wakho ukuvumela. Indlela esempilweni iyonke inokukunceda umzimba wakho ngeendlela ezininzi, ngakumbi xa unomhlaza.

Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokugonya kwe-pneumonia, ngakumbi ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye ufumene ukuba unomhlaza.