Poikilocytosis: yintoni na, iintlobo, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni

Umxholo

• Iindidi zee-poikilocytes
• Xa i-poikilocytes inokuvela
• 1. Sickle cell anemia
• 2. I-Myelofibrosis
• 3. I-hemolytic anemias
• 4. Izifo zesibindi
• 5. I-anemia yentswelo

I-Poikilocytosis ligama elinokubonakala kumfanekiso wegazi kwaye lithetha ukwanda kwenani leepoikilocytes ezijikeleza egazini, ezo ziiseli ezibomvu ezinemilo engaqhelekanga. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinemilo erhangqiweyo, zicabalele kwaye zinommandla ophakathi okhaphukhaphu embindini ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwehemoglobin. Ngenxa yotshintsho olwenzakalweni lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunokubakho utshintsho kwimilo yazo, okukhokelela ekusasazeni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinemilo eyahlukileyo, enokuthi iphazamisane nomsebenzi wazo.

Ezona poikilocytes ziphambili zichongiwe kuvavanyo oluncinci lwegazi zii-drepanocytes, i-dacryocyte, ii-ellipocytes kunye neekhowudi, ezihlala zivela kwii-anemias, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba zichonge ukuze i-anemia yahlulwe, ivumela ukuxilongwa kunye nesiqalo sonyango ngakumbi. yanele.

Iindidi zee-poikilocytes

I-Poikilocytes inokujongwa ngemicroscopic ukusuka kwigazi le-smear, elileli:

• Iipherocyte, apho ii-erythrocyte zingqukuva kwaye zincinci kuneerythrocyte eziqhelekileyo;
• Dacryocyte, eziziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinomfanekiso wokwehla okanye ukwehla;
• Acanthocyte, apho ii-erythrocyte zinobume obuchongiweyo, obunokufana nobume bebhotile yeglasi;
• IiCodocyte, Eziziseli ezibomvu ekujoliswe kuzo ezimile ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwehemoglobin;
• I-Elliptocytes, apho iiseli ezibomvu zibume okweqanda;
• Drepanocytes, ezingamaseli obomvu egazi amile okwegwegula kwaye avele ikakhulu kwi-sickle cell anemia;
• Stomatocytes, eziziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinendawo emxinwa embindini, efana nomlomo;
• Iischizocytes, apho iiseli ezibomvu zibume obungapheliyo.

Kwingxelo yehemogram, ukuba i-poikilocytosis ifunyenwe ngexesha loviwo lwe-microscopic, ubukho be-poikilocyte echongiweyo kubonisiwe kwingxelo.Ukuchongwa kwee-poikilocytes kubalulekile ukuze ugqirha akwazi ukukhangela imeko ngokubanzi yomntu kwaye, ngokotshintsho oluqwalaselweyo, angabonisa ukusebenza kwezinye iimvavanyo ukugqiba isifo kwaye aqale unyango emva koko.

Xa i-poikilocytes inokuvela

Poikilocytes kuvela njengesiphumo utshintsho ezinxulumene iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezifana utshintsho kwemichiza kwi inwebu kwezi seli, utshintsho metabolic enzyme, ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene hemoglobin kunye nokwaluphala iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka kwizifo ezininzi, zikhokelela kwi-poikilocytosis, njengezona meko ziphambili:

1. Sickle cell anemia

I-Sickle cell anemia sisifo esibonakaliswa ikakhulu kukutshintsha kobume beseli ebomvu yegazi, enesimo esifana neserhengqa, esaziwa ngokuba siseli lerhengqa. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokutshintsha kwenye yamatyathanga enza ihemoglobin, enciphisa amandla ehemoglobin yokubopha ioksijini, ngenxa yoko, ukuthuthwa kumalungu kunye nezicubu, kunye nokwandisa ubunzima kwiseli ebomvu yegazi ukuba idlule emithanjeni. .

Ngenxa yolu tshintsho kunye nokwehla kwezothutho lweoksijini, umntu uziva edinwe kakhulu, ebonisa iintlungu ngokubanzi, ukubola kunye nokudodobala kokukhula, umzekelo. Funda ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-sickle cell anemia.

Nangona iseli erhengayo iyimpawu yegazi le-anemia, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele, kwezinye iimeko, ubukho beekhowudi.

2. I-Myelofibrosis

I-Myelofibrosis luhlobo lwe-myeloproliferative neoplasia enophawu lobukho be-dacryocyte ejikeleza kwigazi elisecaleni. Ubukho be-dacryocyte buhlala bubonisa ukuba kukho utshintsho kumongo wethambo, eyenzekayo kwi-myelofibrosis.

I-Myelofibrosis ibonakaliswa bubukho beenguqu ezikhuthaza utshintsho kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kweeseli kumongo wethambo, kunye nokunyuka kwenani leeseli ezivuthiweyo kumongo wethambo ezikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwamanxeba kumongo wethambo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwawo ixesha. Qonda ukuba yintoni i-myelofibrosis kunye nendlela ekufuneka iphathwe ngayo.

3. I-hemolytic anemias

I-hemolytic anemias ibonakaliswa kukuveliswa kwee-antibodies ezisabela ngokuchasene neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukukhuthaza ukutshatyalaliswa kwazo kunye nokukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu ze-anemia, ezinje ngokudinwa, ukubola, isiyezi kunye nokuba buthathaka, umzekelo. Ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kukho ukwanda kwimveliso yeeseli zegazi ngumongo wethambo kunye nodakada, okunokubangela ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu ezingaqhelekanga, ezinje ngee-spherocytes nee-ellipocytes. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-hemolytic anemias.

4. Izifo zesibindi

Izifo ezichaphazela isibindi nazo zinokukhokelela ekuveleni kweepikikocococytes, ikakhulu i-stomatocytes kunye nee-acanthocyte, kwaye ezinye iimvavanyo ziyafuneka ukuvavanya umsebenzi wesibindi ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa naluphi na utshintsho.

5. I-anemia yentswelo

I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-Iron, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron, ibonakala ngokuhla kwenani lokujikeleza kwe-hemoglobin emzimbeni kwaye, ngenxa yoko, yi-oksijini, kuba intsimbi ibalulekile ekwenziweni kwe-hemoglobin. Ke, iimpawu kunye neempawu ziyavela, ezinje ngobuthathaka, ukudinwa, ukudimazeka kunye nokuziva utyhafile, umzekelo. Ukwehla kwenani lesinyithi esijikelezayo kunokukhetha ukubonakala kwee-poikilocytes, ngakumbi ii-codocytes. Bona ngakumbi malunga nokuswela i-anemia.