I-Retinitis pigmentosa: Yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Indlela yokuchonga
• Uqinisekisa njani
• Izizathu eziphambili
• Ezinye iintlobo ze-retinitis
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Retinitis, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-retinosis, kubandakanya iseti yezifo ezichaphazela i-retina, indawo ebalulekileyo ngasemva kweliso equlethe iiseli ezinoxanduva lokuthatha imifanekiso. Kubangela iimpawu ezinjengokuphulukana kombono ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nokukwazi ukwahlula imibala, kwaye kunokukhokelela nakwimfama.

Esona sizathu siphambili siyi-retinitis pigmentosa, sisifo esiya sisiba mandundu esibangela ukuphulukana nokubona ngokuthe ngcembe, amaxesha amaninzi, okubangelwa sisifo semfuza kunye nelifa. Ukongeza, ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela i-retinitis zisenokubandakanya usulelo, njenge-cytomegalovirus, i-herpes, imasisi, igcushuwa okanye ifungi, ukwenzakala emehlweni kunye nesenzo esinetyhefu yezinye iziyobisi, ezinje nge-chloroquine okanye i-chlorpromazine, umzekelo.

Nangona kungekho nonyango, kunokwenzeka ukunyanga esi sifo, esixhomekeke kwisizathu saso kunye nobunzima bokwenzakala, kwaye sinokubandakanya ukukhuselwa kwimitha yelanga kunye nokongezwa kwevithamini A kunye ne-omega 3.

Indlela yokuchonga

I-pigmentary retinitis ichaphazela ukusebenza kweeseli ze-photoreceptor, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cones kunye neentonga, ezithatha imifanekiso ngombala nakwindawo ezimnyama.

Inokuchaphazela i-1 okanye omabini amehlo, kwaye iimpawu eziphambili ezinokuvela zezi:

• Umbono ongacacanga;
• Ukuncipha okanye ukutshintsha kokubonakalayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okungakhanyisiyo;
• Ubumfama ebusuku;
• Ukuphulukana nombono womda okanye utshintsho kumhlaba obonwayo;

Ukuphulukana nombono kunokuya kusiba kubi ngokuthe ngcembe, kwinqanaba elihluka ngokwendlela ebangelwe ngayo, kwaye kungakhokelela ekungaboniyo kwiliso elichaphazelekayo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-amaurosis. Ukongeza, i-retinitis inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya ebuntombini, eyahluka ngokwonobangela wayo.

Uqinisekisa njani

Uvavanyo oluvavanya i-retinitis kukuba ngasemva kweliso, olwenziwa ngugqirha wamehlo, ofumana ezinye ii-pigment ezimnyama emehlweni, zimile njengesigcawu, esaziwa ngokuba zii-spicule.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokukunceda ekufumaneni isifo ziimvavanyo zombono, imibala kunye nensimu ebonakalayo, uviwo lwe-tomography yamehlo, i-electroretinografi kunye ne-retinografi, umzekelo.

Izizathu eziphambili

I-pigmentary retinitis ibangelwa ikakhulu zizifo ezizuzwe njengelifa, ezidluliselwa zisuka kubazali ziye ebantwaneni, kwaye eli lifa lemfuza linokuvela ngeendlela ezintathu:

• Autosomal ephezulu: apho kuphela ngumzali omnye ekufuneka adlulisele umntwana ukuze achaphazeleke;
• Ukuhlaziywa ngokuzenzekelayo: apho kuye kufuneke ukuba bobabini abazali bagqithise imfuza ukuze umntwana achaphazeleke;
• Idityaniswe kwi-X chromosome: Isasazwa yimfuza yoomama, kunye nabafazi abathwele imfuza echaphazelekayo, kodwa besidlulisela esi sifo ikakhulu kubantwana abangamadoda.

Ukongeza, esi sifo sinokubangela isifo, esongeza ekuchaphazeni amehlo, sinokubeka esichengeni amanye amalungu kunye nemisebenzi yomzimba, njenge-Usher syndrome.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-retinitis

I-Retinitis inokubangelwa luhlobo oluthile lokudumba kwi-retina, njengosulelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza kunye nokubetha emehlweni. Njengokubona kombono kwezi meko kuzinzile kwaye kuyalawuleka kunyango, le meko ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumbala wobuxoki pseudo-retinitis.

Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili zezi:

• Usulelo lwentsholongwane lweCytomegalovirus, okanye i-CMV, eyosulela amehlo abantu abanokukhubazeka okuthile komzimba, njengezigulana zikaGawulayo, kwaye unyango lwabo lwenziwa ngee-antivirals, ezinje ngeGanciclovir okanye iFoscarnet, umzekelo;
• Olunye usulelo ziintsholongwane, njengeendlela ezinobuzaza beherpes, imasisi, irubella kunye nerhashalala, ibacteria I-Treponema pallidum, ebangela igcushuwa, izifunxi-gazi ezinje nge Toxoplasma gondii, ebangela i-toxoplasmosis kunye nefungi, njengeCandida.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eziyityhefu, ezinje ngeChloroquine, Chlorpromazine, Tamoxifen, Thioridazine kunye ne-Indomethacin, umzekelo, ezingamayeza avelisa isidingo sokubeka iliso ngamehlo ngexesha lokuzisebenzisa;
• Ukubetha emehlweni, ngenxa yomothuko okanye ingozi, enokuthi iphazamise ukusebenza kweretina.

Ezi ntlobo ze-retinitis zihlala zichaphazela kuphela iliso elinye.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Retinitis ayinyangeki, nangona kunjalo lukhona unyango, olukhokelwa ngugqirha wamehlo, olunokunceda ukulawula nokukhusela ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, njengokuxhasa ivithamin A, i-beta-carotene kunye ne-omega-3.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nokukhanya kukukhanya kwamaza amade amafutshane, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweiglasi ezinokukhuselwa kwe-UV-A kunye neB blocker, ukuthintela ukukhawulezisa kwesi sifo.

Kuphela kwimeko yezizathu ezosulelayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise iziyobisi ezinje ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezinto zokuthintela ukosuleleka, ukunyanga usulelo kunye nokunciphisa ukonakala kwiretina.

Ukongeza, kwimeko apho ukulahleka kombono sele kwenzekile, ugqirha wamehlo unokucebisa ngoncedo olufana nokukhulisa iiglasi kunye nezixhobo zekhompyuter, ezinokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi baba bantu.