Qonda ukuba kutheni utyando lweplastiki lunokuba yingozi

Umxholo

• Iingxaki ezisixhenxe eziphambili zotyando lweplastiki
• 1. Ukuqhuma kunye namabala amfusa
• 2. Ukuqokelelwa kolwelo
• 3. Ukuvula imithungo
• 4. Usulelo
• 5. I-Thrombosis
• 6. Izilonda ezinesiphene
• 7. Ukuhla kobuntununtunu
• Iziphumo eziphambili ze-anesthesia
• Umngcipheko weanesthesia ngokubanzi
• Umngcipheko we-epidural anesthesia okanye i-spinal anesthesia
• Umngcipheko we-anesthesia yendawo
• Ngubani onethuba lokuphuhlisa iingxaki?
• Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wotyando lweplastiki

Utyando lweplastikhi lunokuba yingozi kuba ezinye iingxaki zinokuvela, ezinjengokusuleleka, itrombosis okanye ukuqhawuka komthungo. Kodwa ezi ngxaki zihlala zixhaphakile kubantu abanezigulo ezinganyangekiyo, i-anemia okanye abathatha ii-anticoagulants ezinje ngeWarfarin kunye neAspirin, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokufumana iingxaki xa utyando luthatha ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-2, kwimeko ye-anesthesia ngokubanzi okanye xa kusenziwa utyando olukhulu, njenge-abdominoplasty elandelwa yi-prosthesis yebele kunye ne-gluteal graft, umzekelo.

Eyona ndlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ngenxa yotyando lweplastikhi kukwenza le nkqubo kwiklinikhi okanye esibhedlele, kugqirha wotyando olilungu leBrazil Society of Plastic Surgery kwaye alandele zonke iingcebiso zakhe ngaphambi nasemva kotyando.

Iingxaki ezisixhenxe eziphambili zotyando lweplastiki

Eminye yemingcipheko ephambili yotyando lweplastiki kubandakanya:

1. Ukuqhuma kunye namabala amfusa

Ukuphuhliswa kwehematoma yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yotyando lweplastiki, olwenzeka ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwegazi kwindawo esebenza, kubangela ukudumba kunye nentlungu. Ukongeza, amabala amfusa anokuvela, kuba imithambo yegazi iyaphuka ngexesha lotyando.

Ezi ngxaki zinokubonakala kulo lonke utyando lweplastiki, kuba rhoqo kutyando ukulungisa iinkophe, ezinje nge-blepharoplasty, facelift okanye liposuction.

Nangona ziingxaki eziqhelekileyo kwaye zinomngcipheko ophantsi, kwiimeko ezininzi ziphathwa ngokulula ngokusetyenziswa komkhenkce okanye ukusetyenziswa kweoyile efana neTrombofob okanye iHirudoid, umzekelo kwaye, ziyanyamalala kancinci kude kube ziiveki ezi-2 emva kotyando. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezilula zokugruzuka.

2. Ukuqokelelwa kolwelo

Xa kukho ukudumba, isikhumba esibomvu, iintlungu kunye nemvakalelo yokutshintsha-tshintsha kwindawo enesikrelemnqa, ingxaki ebizwa ngokuba yi-seroma isenokukhula.

Ukuthintela le ngxaki, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-bandage, izihlangu zezilima ezidityaniswe ngentsinjana / ngeplangana okanye unxibe ngokulingeneyo kwisithuba sasemva kokusebenza, uphumle kwaye usebenzise idreyini ukususa ulwelo olungaphezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba umongikazi arhoxise ulwelo ngesirinji ukulungiselela ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

3. Ukuvula imithungo

Ukuvulwa kwemithungo okanye ukutya okusisiseko kunokubangela ukungabinamdla, kulapho imiphetho yezicubu ezihlanganisiweyo yahlulwayo kwaye umngcipheko wokuba nosulelo mkhulu kwaye ixesha lokuphilisa liyanda.

Le ngxaki inokuvela xa umntu esenza iintshukumo ezigqithileyo kwisithuba sasemva kokusebenza, engathobeli yonke into ekucetyiswa ngugqirha kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kuqhaqho esiswini, njengedominoplasty.

4. Usulelo

Umngcipheko wosulelo uxhaphake kakhulu ngaphakathi kwesiva, kodwa usulelo lwangaphakathi lunokubakho, lubangele iimpawu ezinjengokudumba, iintlungu, umkhuhlane kunye nobofu. Ukongeza, kwimeko yotyando apho kufakwa khona ii-silicone prostheses, ezinje ngokunyusa isifuba, ukwaliwa kweprosthesis kunokwenzeka, kukhokelela kusulelo ekufuneka lunyangwe ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza aboniswe ngugqirha.

5. I-Thrombosis

Xa i-thrombus okanye ukwakheka kwehlwili kwenzeka, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nokudumba kunye nentlungu ebuhlungu emilenzeni, ngakumbi etholeni, kunye nolusu olukhazimlayo nolumenyezelayo kwaye, ukuba alunyangwa ngokukhawuleza, amahlwili anokuhamba aye emiphungeni ebangela ukubola kwemiphunga, a imeko enzulu, enokubulala.

Ukuthintela le ngxaki, kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza anticoagulant, anje nge-Enoxaparin kwaye uhambise iinyawo zakho kunye nemilenze nokuba ulele phantsi, uphumle. Bona ezinye iindlela ezinokunceda ukuthintela i-thrombosis yemilenze.

6. Izilonda ezinesiphene

Ukubonakala kwezikrakra ezingqindilili, ezikhubazekileyo kunye neekeloid zinokwenzeka emva kotyando lweplastikhi kodwa zixhaphake kakhulu kwesi sibetho. Ukongeza, amaqhuma anokukhula phantsi kolusu okubangelwa kukwenziwa kwethishu elukhuni kuloo ndawo, etsala ulusu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuvela iziva ezirhoxiswayo, kulapho ulusu lutsala ngaphakathi lwenze umngxuma kwindawo esebenza kuyo. Ezona ndlela zokunyanga izikrelemnqa kukusebenzisa iiseshoni zobugcisa be-physiotherapy okanye ukwenza uqhaqho olutsha lweplastikhi ukulungisa isiva.

7. Ukuhla kobuntununtunu

Ukuphulukana noluvo kwingingqi eqhutyiweyo nangaphezulu kwesibazi, kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokudumba kommandla, kodwa olu luvo luya kuncipha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukongeza kwezi ngxaki zisixhenxe zotyando lweplastikhi, i-necrosis inokwenzeka, kukufa kwezicubu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwegazi kunye neoksijini kunye nokugqobhoza kwamalungu, nangona kunjalo ezi ngxaki zinqabile kwaye zinxulumene nokungabi namava kotyando lweplastiki.

Iziphumo eziphambili ze-anesthesia

Lonke utyando lweplastiki lwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia ukuthintela iintlungu kwaye zivumela ugqirha ukuba enze inkqubo ngokuchanekileyo. Kodwa i-anesthesia nayo inokubangela ezinye iingxaki.

• Umngcipheko weanesthesia ngokubanzi

Ezona mpendulo ziphambili zibangelwa yianesthesia ngokubanzi, kulapho isigulana sithatha amayeza ukuze silale kamnandi kwaye siphefumle ngoncedo lwezixhobo, kubandakanya isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha, ukugcinwa komchamo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, isiyezi, ukudinwa, ukulala kakhulu, ukungcangcazela kunye nentloko. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla, infarction okanye nokufa kunokwenzeka, kodwa oku kunqabile.

Ukuthomalalisa iimpawu ezinokubangelwa yianesthesia, umongikazi uhlala enika amayeza okuphelisa ukugabha kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu, ukubeka ipayipi yesinyi ukunceda ukuchama ngaphandle kobunzima, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ulale kwaye uphumle.

• Umngcipheko we-epidural anesthesia okanye i-spinal anesthesia

I-Epidural anesthesia esetyenziswe emqolo ikhokelela ekuphulukaneni nemvakalelo kwinxalenye yesisu, esinqeni nasemilenzeni ukugcina umntu evukile. Iziphumo zalo zibandakanya ukunciphisa ubuntununtunu bemilenze ixesha elininzi, elonyusa umngcipheko wokuwa kunye nokutsha. Ukongeza, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye neentlungu zangasemva zinokwenzeka kwindawo yokuluma.

• Umngcipheko we-anesthesia yendawo

I-anesthesia yendawo yeyona ibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa, nangona kunjalo, inokubangela ukudumba, ukuncipha kobuntununtunu kunye nokugruzuka apho kunikwe khona inaliti.

Ngubani onethuba lokuphuhlisa iingxaki?

Bonke abantu banokuphuhlisa iingxaki ngexesha okanye emva kotyando lweplastiki, kodwa izigulana ezinokuba nazo iingxaki zibandakanya:

• Ubudala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60;
• Izifo ezingapheliyo, ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile okanye i-apnea yokulala;
• Amajoni omzimba abuthathaka, anjenge-HIV +, umhlaza okanye i-hepatitis;
• Abantu abathatha ii-anticoagulants okanye abaneengxaki ezinjengeemithambo ye-varicose, i-thrombosis, i-anemia okanye ubunzima ekunqandeni nasekuphiliseni;
• I-BMI ingaphezulu kwama-29 kunye nenani eliphezulu lamafutha esiswini.

Ukongeza, abantu abatshayayo okanye abasebenzisi beziyobisi banamathuba okuba neengxaki kwaye, xa bathe baneengxaki kolunye utyando, umngcipheko mkhulu ngakumbi.

Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wotyando lweplastiki

Ukuthintela iingxaki ngexesha lotyando okanye emva kwexesha lokusebenza kubalulekile ngaphambi kokwenza utyando:

• Yenza iimviwo zonyango njengokuvavanywa ngokupheleleyo kwegazi kunye ne-electrocardiogram. Jonga iimviwo eziphambili ekufuneka uzenzile.
• Nciphisa inani leecuba otshaya okanye ayeke ukutshaya ubuncinci kwinyanga enye ngaphambi kotyando, ukunqanda ukubola kwemiphunga;
• Kuphephe ukuthatha ipilisi Inyanga e-1 ngaphambi kotyando, ngakumbi ukuba utyando luhlala ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-4, zikhona ezinde, ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-thrombosis;
• Yeka ukuthatha amanye amayeza, njenge-aspirin Ingcebiso kagqirha ukuthintela iingxaki;
• Ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kotyando, kwiingcebiso zonyango.

Ukunciphisa ezi ngozi umntu kufuneka asoloko ekhetha ukukhetha ugqirha weplastiki oqeqeshiweyo nonokuthenjwa kwaye akhethe isibhedlele okanye iklinikhi eyaziwayo.