Izinto ezinobungozi beCoronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Umxholo

• Ziziphi izinto ezinobungozi kwi-CAD?
• Imiba yomngcipheko ongenakukwazi ukuyilawula
• Ubudala kunye nesini
• Ubuhlanga
• Imbali yosapho
• Imiba yomngcipheko onokuyilawula
• Ukutshaya
• Amanqanaba angaqhelekanga e-cholesterol
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Ukungasebenzi komzimba
• Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu
• Iswekile yemellitus
• Igalelo lezinto ezinobungozi
• Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko weCAD

Ushwankathelo

Isifo sentliziyo sesona sizathu siphambili sokufa kwamadoda nabasetyhini. Umthambo isifo (CAD) lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo sentliziyo.

Ngokutsho kwabantu, bangaphezu kwama-370,000 abantu ababulawa yi-CAD ngonyaka e-United States. Esona sizathu sixhaphakileyo se-CAD kukwakhiwa kweplaque kwimithambo yegazi.

Zininzi izinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-CAD. Ungazilawula ezinye zezi zinto. Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi.

Ziziphi izinto ezinobungozi kwi-CAD?

Imiba yomngcipheko ongenakukwazi ukuyilawula

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele izinto ezinobungozi ongenakukwazi ukuzilawula, kuba unokukwazi ukubeka esweni iziphumo zazo.

Ubudala kunye nesini

Umngcipheko we-CAD uyanda njengoko uneminyaka yobudala. Kungenxa yokuba i-plaque iyakha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokokutsho, umngcipheko wabasetyhini unyuka uneminyaka engama-55 ubudala. Umngcipheko wamadoda unyuka uneminyaka engama-45.

I-CAD lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo sentliziyo phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini eUnited States. Amadoda amhlophe aphakathi kweminyaka engama-35 nama-44 aphantse abe li-6 amathuba okusweleka kwe-CAD kunabafazi abamhlophe abakwelo qela linye, ngokwe-2016. Umahluko mncinci phakathi kwabantu abangamhlophe.

Izinga lokufa phakathi kwabasetyhini liyanda emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Umngcipheko wokufa komfazi kwi-CAD ulingana okanye mkhulu kunomngcipheko ofanayo kwindoda eneminyaka engama-75.

Elinye inqanaba lesifo sentliziyo kwinqanaba leentliziyo zezihlunu kunye nemithambo yegazi rhoqo yenzeka njengabantu abadala. Imeko ichongiwe ngaphezulu kwama-80 epesenti yabantu abadala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-80, ngokwe-a.

Utshintsho olwenzeka emzimbeni njengoko uneminyaka yobudala ludala iimeko ezenza kube lula ukuba isifo sentliziyo sikhule. Umzekelo, iindonga zemithambo yegazi egudileyo ngokwendalo zinokuphuhlisa indawo ezinoburhabaxa ngokuhamba kwegazi okungaqhelekanga okutsala iipleyiti kwaye kubangele ukuqina kwemithambo.

Ubuhlanga

E-United States, isifo sentliziyo sesona sizathu siphambili sokufa kuninzi lobuhlanga. Ngokuka, isifo sentliziyo sesibini kuphela kumhlaza njengesizathu sokufa phakathi:

• AmaNdiya aseMelika
• Abemi baseAlaska
• Abantu baseAsia-Amerika
• Abahlali bePacific Island

Umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo uphezulu kwezinye iintlanga kunabanye. NgokweSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neOfisi yeeNkonzo zoLuntu yezeMpilo encinci (i-OMH), amadoda nabafazi base-Afrika nabaseMelika eUnited States babenamathuba angama-30 eepesenti okufa sisifo sentliziyo, kubandakanya ne-CAD, kunamadoda nabafazi abangamhlophe abangamaSpanishi. Ngo-2010.

Amadoda nabasetyhini abamhlophe abangabemi baseSpain banamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okusweleka ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo kunamaNdiya aseMelika kunye nabemi baseAlaska, ngokwe-OMH.

Ukwanda komngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kwezinye izizwe kunxulunyaniswa namanqanaba okonyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi, ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nesifo seswekile. Ezi zinto zibeka emngciphekweni wesifo sentliziyo.

Imbali yosapho

Isifo sentliziyo sinokubaleka kusapho. Ngokwe-World Heart Federation, isifo sentliziyo sisengozini xa ilungu losapho elisondeleyo linesifo sentliziyo. Umngcipheko wakho wonyuswa ngakumbi ukuba utata wakho okanye umzalwana wakho ufumene isifo sesifo sentliziyo ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-55, okanye ukuba umama okanye udade wakho ufumene isifo phambi kokuba abe neminyaka engama-65.

Ukongeza, ukuba bobabini abazali bakho baneengxaki zesifo sentliziyo ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka engama-55 ubudala, oku kuya kukwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Unokuzuza njengelifa ukuxhotyiswa kuphuhliso lohlobo 1 okanye 2 lweswekile, okanye esinye isifo okanye uphawu olonyusa umngcipheko weCAD.

Imiba yomngcipheko onokuyilawula

Zininzi izinto ezinobungozi kwiCAD ezinokulawulwa. Ngokwe-American Heart Association (AHA), unokutshintsha izinto ezintandathu eziyingozi:

Ukutshaya

Nokuba awukho omnye umngcipheko, ukutshaya iimveliso zecuba kuqala okanye ngesandla, kukodwa kuyonyusa umngcipheko weCAD. Ukuba kukho izinto ezinobungozi obuhleliyo, umngcipheko wakho weCAD unyuka ngokucacileyo. Kuyingozi ngakumbi ukutshaya ukuba unembali yosapho yesifo sentliziyo okanye ukuba uthatha iipilisi ezithile zokuthintela inzala.

Amanqanaba angaqhelekanga e-cholesterol

Isisombululo se-cholesterol esine-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) kunye ne-low-density lipoprotein (HDL) ye-cholesterol zizinto ezinokubonisa umngcipheko omkhulu we-CAD. Ngamanye amaxesha i-LDL ibizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi". I-HDL ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi "cholesterol" elungileyo.

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL kunye namanqanaba asezantsi e-HDL anyusa umngcipheko wokwakha ipleyiti kwimithambo yakho. Kukho umngcipheko owongezelelweyo xa enye yezi ihamba kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu le-triglyceride.

Kukho izikhokelo ezintsha ze-cholesterol kubantu abadala ngokubhekisele kumanqanaba athatyathwa njengamkelekileyo kwaye aqhelekileyo e-American College of Cardiology kunye neAmerican Heart Association. Izikhokelo ezitsha zibandakanya indlela elandelayo yonyango xa amanqanaba e-cholesterol engaqhelekanga. Unyango luthathela ingqalelo ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye izinto ezinobungozi kwisifo sentliziyo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuba nakho ukujonga amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol egazini lakho ukuze abone ukuba aphakame kakhulu okanye aphantsi. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na inqanaba le-cholesterol engaqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho uya kuba nakho ukukunceda ukuba ube nesicwangciso sonyango esisebenzayo.

Igazi elonyukayo

Uxinzelelo lwegazi ngumlinganiso woxinzelelo kwimithambo yegazi xa igazi lihamba kuzo ngokunxulumene nentshukumo yentliziyo yokupompa okanye yokuphumla. Ixesha elingaphezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunokubangela ukuba izihlunu zentliziyo zikhule kwaye zingahambi ngokuchanekileyo.

Nenjongo yokugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokuqhubekayo ngaphantsi kwe-120/80 mmHg. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-Systolic lelona nani liphezulu. Uxinzelelo lwegazi diastolic linani elisezantsi.

Inqanaba 1 lwexinzelelo lwegazi lichazwa njenge-systolic uxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphezulu kwe-130 mmHg, uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-diastolic ngaphezulu kwe-80 mmHg, okanye zombini. Ukuba unoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, i-AHA icebisa ukuba uqale ngotshintsho kwindlela yokuphila enokukunceda ukuthoba:

• Ukunciphisa umzimba ukuba utyebe kakhulu kwaye ugcina ubunzima obusempilweni.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Nciphisa inani lotywala obusebenzisayo.
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni.
• Musa ukutshaya icuba.
• Ukulawula uxinzelelo olusempilweni.

Ukuba olu tshintsho kwindlela yokuphila alwehlisi uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kuluhlu olucetyiswayo, wena nogqirha wakho unokufuna ukuxoxa ngamayeza anokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukungasebenzi komzimba

Ukuzilolonga kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-CAD ngo:

• ukwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi
• ukunyusa i-cholesterol ye-HDL
• ukomeleza intliziyo yakho ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo

Ukuzilolonga kukwanceda ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko kwezinye izifo, ezinje ngokutyeba kakhulu kunye neswekile, enokuthi ikhokelele kwi-CAD.

Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu

Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu kwandisa umngcipheko we-CAD ngokuphawulekayo. Ukuthwala ubunzima obuninzi kuhlala kunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo lwegazi okanye isifo seswekile. Inxulumene ngqo nokutya okungalunganga kunye nemikhwa yokusebenza komzimba.

Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu kuhlala kuchazwa ngokwesalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI). I-BMI yakho, umlinganiso wobunzima bokuphakama, kufuneka uhlale phakathi kwe-18.5 kunye ne-24.9. I-BMI engama-25 okanye ngaphezulu, ngakumbi ukuba unobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-midsection yakho, yonyusa umngcipheko we-CAD.

Ngokwezikhokelo ezivela kwi-AHA, abasetyhini kufuneka babe nesangqa esinqeni phantsi kwee-intshi ezingama-35. Amadoda kufuneka abe nomjikelezo wesinqe phantsi kweesentimitha ezingama-40.

I-BMI yakho ayisoloko isibonakaliso esifanelekileyo, kodwa kunokuba luncedo. Ungasebenzisa i-intanethi okanye uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ubunzima bakho kunye nempilo yonke inokuchaphazela njani umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-CAD.

Iswekile yemellitus

Isifo seswekile yimeko apho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngokufanelekileyo okanye ungenako ukwenza i-insulin eyaneleyo. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni kubekho iswekile eninzi kwigazi lakho. Eminye imingcipheko ye-CAD ihlala ihamba nohlobo lwesibini lweswekile, kubandakanya ukutyeba kakhulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.

Iglucose yakho yokuzila ukutya kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg / dL. Ihemoglobin yakho A1c (HbA1c) kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezi-5.7. I-HbA1C ngumlinganiso wolawulo lwe-glucose esezantsi phakathi kweenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Ukuba iswekile yegazi lakho okanye i-HbA1c yakho ingaphezulu kunezo xabiso, usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo seswekile okanye sele sele unesifo seswekile. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-CAD.

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yokugcina iswekile yegazi iphantsi kolawulo.

Igalelo lezinto ezinobungozi

Iimpawu ezithile zokuziphatha zinokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo, nokuba azidweliswanga njengezinto ezinobungozi bendabuko. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweziyobisi ezithile ezisemthethweni nezingekho mthethweni kungakhokelela kuxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nomngcipheko owandayo wokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, isifo sentliziyo, okanye ukubetha. Ukusetyenziswa kwecocaine kunye neamphetamines kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu kukonyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Ukuba usela kakhulu okanye usebenzisa iziyobisi, cinga ukuthetha nogqirha wakho okanye umboneleli ngempilo yengqondo malunga nonyango okanye iinkqubo ze-detox ukunqanda iingxaki ezinobungozi empilweni.

Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko weCAD

Inyathelo lokuqala kukwazi umngcipheko wakho. Nangona ungenakulawula ezinye zazo-njengobudala kunye nezinto zemfuza-kusakulungile ukwazi ngazo. Emva koko unokuxoxa nabo nogqirha wakho kwaye ujonge iziphumo zabo.

Unokutshintsha ezinye izinto. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba abeke esweni uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol. Ukuba bangaphandle kwamanqanaba anconywayo, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba anike iingcebiso malunga nendlela onokunceda ngayo ukunciphisa.
• Ukuba utshaya iimveliso zecuba, yenza isicwangciso sokuyeka.
• Ukuba utyebe kakhulu, xoxa ngenkqubo yokwehla kobunzima nogqirha wakho.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, cela ugqirha wakho akuncede ekwenzeni isicwangciso sokugcina inqanaba leswekile yegazi iphantsi kolawulo.

Ukulawula iimeko zakho zomngcipheko we-CAD kunokukunceda uphile ubomi obunempilo, obusebenzayo.