Uvavanyo lweSickle Cell

Umxholo

• Luthini uvavanyo lweeseli zerhengqa?
• Siyintoni isifo se sickle cell (SCD)?
• Uphawu lweseli lokugula
• Ngubani ofuna uvavanyo lweseli lerhengqa?
• Ulungiselela njani ukuvavanywa kweeseli zerhengqa?
• Kwenzeka ntoni xa kuvavanywa iseli lerhengqa?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi obunxulunyaniswa novavanyo?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zovavanyo?
• Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo?

Luthini uvavanyo lweeseli zerhengqa?

Uvavanyo lweseli erhengayo luvavanyo lwegazi olulula olusetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba unesifo se-sickle cell isifo (i-SCD) okanye uphawu lweseli yesikela. Abantu abane-SCD baneeseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-RBCs) ezimile ngokungaqhelekanga. Iiseli zokugula zenziwe njengenyanga yenyanga. Ii-RBCs eziqhelekileyo zijongeka njengeedonathi.

Uvavanyo lweeseli zerhengqa luyinxalenye yovavanyo olwenziwa rhoqo emntwaneni emva kokuba bezelwe. Nangona kunjalo, inokusetyenziselwa abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala xa kufuneka njalo.

Siyintoni isifo se sickle cell (SCD)?

I-SCD liqela leengxaki zeRBC ezizuze ilifa. Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba sisixhobo sokulima esimile njengo-C esaziwa njengerhengqa.

Iiseli zokugula zihlala ziba nzima kwaye zincangathi. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi. Baye bathande ukufa kwangoko. Oku kubangela ukunqongophala rhoqo kwee-RBCs.

I-SCD ibangela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• i-anemia, ebangela ukudinwa
• ukuphaphatheka nokuphefumla okufutshane
• ubumthubi besikhumba namehlo
• Iziqendu zeentlungu, ezibangelwa kukuhamba kwegazi okuvalelweyo
• iinyawo ezinesifo seenyawo, okanye izandla neenyawo ezidumbileyo
• usulelo rhoqo
• ukukhula okucothayo
• iingxaki zombono

Uphawu lweseli lokugula

Abantu abaneempawu zeseli zerhengqa zizinto ezithwala imfuza ye-SCD. Azinazo iimpawu kwaye azinakho ukuphuhlisa i-SCD, kodwa banokwazi ukuyidlulisela kubantwana babo.

Abo banophawu banokuba nomngcipheko ophezulu wezinye iingxaki, kubandakanya ukufa okungalindelekanga okunxulumene nokuzilolonga.

Ngubani ofuna uvavanyo lweseli lerhengqa?

Iintsana zihlala zivavanywa kwi-SCD kungekudala emva kokuzalwa. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kubalulekile. Kungenxa yokuba abantwana abane-SCD banokuba sengozini yokusuleleka kakhulu kwiiveki zokuzalwa. Ukuvavanywa kwangethuba kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iintsana ezine-SCD zifumana unyango olufanelekileyo ukukhusela impilo yazo.

Abanye abantu ekufuneka bevavanywe kubandakanya:

• abaphambukeli abangakhange bavavanywe kumazwe abo asekhaya
• abantwana abasuka kwelinye ilizwe baye kwelinye kwaye abangavavanywa
• Nabani na obonakalisa iimpawu zesi sifo

I-SCD ichaphazela malunga nezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela, uqikelela amaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo.

Ulungiselela njani ukuvavanywa kweeseli zerhengqa?

Akukho lungiselelo luyafuneka kuvavanyo lweeseli zerhengqa. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana uvavanyo lweeseli zerhengqe kwiintsuku ezingama-90 emva kotofelo-gazi kungakhokelela kwiziphumo zovavanyo ezingachanekanga.

Ukudluliselwa kwegazi kunganciphisa inani le-hemoglobin S - iprotein ebangela i-SCD- egazini. Umntu oye watofelwa igazi kutshanje unokuba neziphumo eziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lweseli yesikela, nokuba ngaba une-SCD.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa kuvavanywa iseli lerhengqa?

Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna isampuli yegazi ukuvavanya i-SCD.

Umongikazi okanye uchwephesha welebhu uyakubeka ibhanti yelastic ejikeleze ingalo yakho ephezulu ukwenza umthambo udumbe ligazi. Emva koko, baya kufaka ngobumnene inaliti emthanjeni. Igazi liya kuthi ngokwendalo lingene kumbhobho ofakwe kule naliti.

Xa kukho igazi elaneleyo lovavanyo, umongikazi okanye itekhnoloji yelebhu iya kuyikhupha inaliti kwaye igubungele inxeba lokugqobhoza ngebhandeji.

Xa iimveku okanye abantwana abancinci bevavanywa, umongikazi okanye ilebhu tech inokusebenzisa isixhobo esibukhali esibizwa ngokuba yi-lancet ukubhoboza ulusu esithendeni okanye emnweni. Baza kuqokelela igazi kwisilayidi okanye kumtya wovavanyo.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi obunxulunyaniswa novavanyo?

Uvavanyo lweeseli zerheng luvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Iingxaki zinqabile kakhulu. Unokuziva unentloko encinci okanye utyhafile emva kovavanyo, kodwa ezi mpawu ziya kumka xa uhlala phantsi imizuzu embalwa. Ukutya i-snack kunokunceda.

Inxeba lokugqobhoza linethuba elincinci lokusuleleka, kodwa iswabi yotywala esetyenziswe ngaphambi kovavanyo ngesiqhelo iyakuthintela oku. Faka isicelo se-compress efudumeleyo kwindawo leyo ukuba ukhula.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zovavanyo?

Ubuchwephesha belebhu obuvavanya isampulu yegazi lakho buya kukhangela uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwehemoglobin ebizwa ngokuba yihemoglobin S. Ithatha ioksijini emiphungeni iyise kwezinye izicwili kunye namalungu emzimbeni wakho.

Njengazo zonke iiproteni, "iplani" yehemoglobin ikhona kwi-DNA yakho. Le yimathiriyeli eyenza ufuzo lwakho. Ukuba enye yemfuza itshintshiwe okanye iguqulwe, inokutshintsha indlela ihemoglobin eziphatha ngayo. Ihemoglobin eguqulweyo okanye engaqhelekanga enjalo inokwenza ii-RBCs ezimile okwe rhengqa, zikhokelela kwi-SCD.

Uvavanyo lweeseli zerhengqa lujonga kuphela ubukho behemoglobin S, ebangela i-SCD. Uvavanyo olubi luqhelekile. Kuthetha ukuba i-hemoglobin yakho iqhelekile. Iziphumo zovavanyo ezilungileyo zinokuthetha ukuba uneempawu zeselfayile okanye i-SCD.

Ukuba uvavanyo luchanekile, ugqirha wakho uya kuthi aodole kuvavanyo lwesibini olubizwa ngokuba yihemoglobin electrophoresis. Oku kuyakunceda ukumisela ukuba yeyiphi imeko onayo.

Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba uneentsholongwane zehemoglobin ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uxilongo lwe-SCD. Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba unenye kuphela yezi ntlobo zemfuza zingaqhelekanga kwaye akukho zimpawu, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo seselfle.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo?

Emva kovavanyo, uya kuba nakho ukuqhuba ngokwakho ekhaya kwaye wenze yonke imisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla.

Ugqirha wakho okanye itekhnoloji yelebhu inokukuxelela xa ulindele iziphumo zakho zovavanyo. Kuba ukuvavanywa kwabantwana abasandula ukuzalwa kuyahluka ngokwamazwe onke, iziphumo zinokuthatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezimbini kwiintsana. Kubantu abadala, kunokuba kukhawuleze njengosuku olunye lweshishini.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuhamba nawe kwiziphumo zakho zovavanyo. Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba uneempawu zeseli erhengayo, banoku-odola kuvavanyo oluninzi ngaphambi kokuba baqinisekise isifo.

Ukuba ufumana ukuxilongwa kwe-SCD, ugqirha wakho uya kusebenza nawe ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esisebenzelayo.