I-Botulism: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Oonobangela be-botulism
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Ungakuphepha njani

I-Botulism sisifo esibi kodwa esinqabileyo esibangelwa kukusebenza kwetyhefu ye-botulinum eveliswe yintsholongwane IClostridium botulinum, enokufumaneka emhlabeni kunye nokutya okungagcinwanga kakuhle. Ukosulelwa yile bhaktiriya kunokubangela iimpawu zesisu, ezinje ngesicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye norhudo, kwaye, ukuba ziyekwe zinganyangwa, kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha.

Ngokwendlela apho ityhefu kunye neebhaktiriya zingena emzimbeni, esi sifo sinokuhlelwa sibe:

• Ukutya kwe-botulism, apho abantu bafumana ibacteria ngokutya ukutya okungcolileyo okanye okungagcinwanga ngendlela efanelekileyo;
• Inxeba botulism, Apho IClostridium botulinum usulela umntu ngokungcoliseka kwamanxeba, ubukhulu becala izilonda ezinganyangekiyo, ukuqhekeka okanye amanxeba abangelwa ziinaliti xa kutofa abasebenzisi beziyobisi;
• Intloko emathunjini, apho iintsholongwane zizilungisa emathunjini kwaye zande, kunye nokuveliswa kwetyhefu kunye nokufakwa komzimba. Olu hlobo lwe-botulism luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaye batyandwa amathumbu, banesifo sikaCrohn okanye basebenzise amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ixesha elide, eliguqula i-microbiota yamathumbu.

Kubalulekile ukuba i-botulism ichongwe kusetyenziswa igazi kunye neemvavanyo ze-microbiological ukuze unyango luqaliswe kwaye luthintele ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, esinokubangela ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zeBotulism zihlala zibonakala phakathi kwe-4 kunye neeyure ezingama-36 emva kokuba ityhefu ingene emzimbeni. Ukunyuka kokuxinana kwetyhefu egazini, kwangoko iimpawu zibonakala, eyona iphambili yile:

• Umlomo owomileyo;
• Umbono kabini;
• Ukuwa kwenkophe ephezulu;
• Kunzima ukugxila kumbono kwizinto ezikufuphi;
• Isicaphucaphu;
• Ifiva;
• Ukuphalaza;
• Iicramps;
• Urhudo;
• Kunzima ukuthetha nokuginya;
• Ubuthathaka obuqhubekayo bemisipha yokuphefumla;
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha yomlenze.

Njengokuba esi sifo siqhubeka, iimpawu ziba mandundu ngakumbi kwaye ziyadodobalisa, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yobuthathaka bemisipha yokuphefumla, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kube nzima ukuphefumla, nto leyo enokubangela ukufa ngenxa yokufa amalungu omzimba wemisipha.

Kwimeko ye-botulism yeentsana, ebonakaliswa kukungena kwebhaktheriya emzimbeni kunye nokuveliswa kwetyhefu, umfanekiso weklinikhi unokwahluka ukusuka ekuqunjelweni kancinci ukuya ekufeni ngesiquphe. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uchonge i-botulism kwiimpawu zokuqala ukuze unyango lunokwenziwa. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-baby botulism.

Oonobangela be-botulism

IBotulism ikakhulu ibangelwa kukutya okungcoliswe yintsholongwane kunye netyhefu yayo. Unobangela ophambili wentsana ye-botulism kukusetyenziswa kobusi phambi konyaka wokuqala ubudala, kuba kweli nqanaba usana alukabi nawo amajoni omzimba aphucukileyo, aqheleka kukosulelwa ziibhaktheriya ezinamathuba.

Izinto ezigcinwe ekhaya zimele umngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo ngu IClostridium botulinum, kuba ubukho bokufuma kunye nezakhamzimba kunye nokungabikho kweoksijini ibacteria inokuphindaphindeka kwaye ivelise ityhefu ekwaziyo ukumelana nee-enzymes zomzimba zokwetyisa, okukhokelela kwityhefu yokutya.

Imifuno, intlanzi, iziqhamo kunye nezinongo zezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo zokutya. Inyama yenkomo, iimveliso zobisi, inyama yehagu kunye neenkukhu kunye nokunye ukutya kunokuqulatha ibhaktiriya okanye ityhefu ye-botulinum. Nantsi indlela yokuphepha ukungcoliseka kokutya.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuchongwa kwe-botulism kwenziwa ngugqirha ngokujonga uhlalutyo lweempawu eziboniswe sisigulana, ukongeza kuvavanyo lwegazi okanye ilindle elibonisa ubukho bentsholongwane emzimbeni. Emva kokuchongwa kwesi sifo, unyango luyaqaliswa kwaye kufuneka lwenziwe, ngokukhethekileyo, kwindawo yesibhedlele evela kulawulo lwe-anti-botulinum serum ejolise ekunciphiseni iziphumo zetyhefu emzimbeni. Qonda ukuba inyangwa njani i-botulism.

Ungakuphepha njani

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela i-botulism kukucoca ukutya ngaphambi kokukupheka kunye nokukutya, ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni iimeko zokugcina, ungashiyi ukutya kwindawo enobushushu obungaphezulu kwe-15ºC, umzekelo. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukunqanda ukutya ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kukwiinkonkxa okanye kwiiglasi, okanye ezinotshintsho kwivumba okanye kukuvela kokutya.