Iimpawu ezili-11 zokudakumba komntwana kunye nendlela yokumelana nayo

Umxholo

• Iimpawu ezinokubonisa ukudakumba
• Iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2
• Iminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwezi-6
• Iminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-12
• Ulufumanisa njani uxinzelelo kubantwana
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ujongana njani nomntwana odandathekileyo
• Yintoni enokubangela uxinzelelo kubantwana

Ezinye zeempawu ezinokubonisa ukudakumba ngexesha lobuntwana zibandakanya ukungabikho komnqweno wokudlala, ukumanzisa ebhedini, izikhalazo rhoqo zokudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu okanye iintlungu zesisu kunye nobunzima bokufunda.

Ezi mpawu zinokungaqapheleki okanye ziphazanyiswe kukucaphuka okanye ukuba neentloni, nangona kunjalo ukuba ezi mpawu zihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezi-2 kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha wabantwana uye kuvavanye imeko yempilo yengqondo kwaye ujonge isidingo sokuqala unyango.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lubandakanya iiseshoni zonyango lwengqondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezichasayo, kodwa inkxaso yabazali nootitshala ibalulekile ukunceda umntwana ukuba aphume kuxinzelelo, kuba esi sifo sinokuthintela ukukhula komntwana.

Iimpawu ezinokubonisa ukudakumba

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwabantwana ziyahluka kubudala bomntwana kwaye ukuxilongwa kwakhe akunakuze kube lula, kufuna uvavanyo olunzulu ngugqirha wabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu ezinokwazisa abazali zibandakanya:

1. Ubuso obubuhlungu, eveza amehlo angenangqondo kunye angancumisiyo kunye nomzimba owile kwaye ubuthathaka, ngokungathi wayesoloko ediniwe kwaye ejonge ukungabikho;
2. Ukungabikho komnqweno wokudlala kungabi ndedwa okanye nabanye abantwana;
3. Zininzi ukozela, ukudinwa okungapheliyo kunye namandla angenanto;
4. Umsindo kunye nokucaphuka ngaphandle kwesizathu, ubonakala ngathi ungumntwana ocekethekileyo, kwimeko engalunganga kunye nokuma okungalunganga;
5. Ukukhala okulula kunye nokunyaniseka, ngenxa yokuba novelwano okugqithisileyo;
6. Ukungabikho komdla ukuba kungakhokelela ekulahlekeni kobunzima, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kunokubakho nomnqweno omkhulu weelekese;
7. Kunzima ukulala namaphupha amaninzi amabi;
8. Uloyiko kunye nobunzima bohlukaniso umama okanye utata;
9. Ukuziva uphantsingakumbi ngokunxulumene nabahlobo abakwiziko lokugcina abantwana okanye isikolo;
10. Ukusebenza kakubi kwesikolo, banokuba namanqaku abomvu kunye nokungabikho kwengqwalaselo;
11. Ukungahambi kakuhle komchamo kunye nokungcola, emva kokuba sele ufumene ukukwazi ukunganxibi i-diaper.

Nangona le miqondiso yoxinzelelo ixhaphakile ebantwaneni, inokubalula ngakumbi kubudala bomntwana.

Iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2

Iimpawu eziphambili zoxinzelelo kubuntwana, ezenzeka de kube yiminyaka emi-2 ubudala, ukwala ukutya, ubunzima obuphantsi, isiqu esincinci kunye nolwimi olucothisiweyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokulala.

Iminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwezi-6

Kubudala bokuya esikolweni, obenzeka phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-6 ubudala, abantwana kwiimeko ezininzi banomsindo rhoqo, ukudinwa okuninzi, umnqweno omncinci wokudlala, ukunqongophala kwamandla, ukuchama ebhedini kunye nokuphelisa ilindle ngokungathandekiyo.

Ukongeza, banokufumana kunzima kakhulu ukwahlukana nomama okanye utata wabo, ukunqanda ukuthetha okanye ukuhlala nabanye abantwana kwaye bahlala bebodwa. Kukho ukubakho kokukhala kakhulu kunye namaphupha amabi kunye nobunzima obuninzi bokulala.

Iminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-12

Kwiminyaka yokuhamba isikolo, eyenzeka phakathi kweminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-12 ubudala, uxinzelelo luzibonakalisa ngeempawu ezifanayo ebezikhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukongeza ekubeni nobunzima ekufundeni, uxinizelelo oluphantsi, amanqaku abomvu, ukuzikhetha, ukuziva ugqithisile nokuba nochuku, ukungakhathali, ukungabi namonde, Intloko kunye nesisu kunye notshintsho kubunzima.

Ukongeza, kuhlala kukho ukuziva ungaphantsi, nto leyo imbi kunabanye abantwana kwaye ihlala isitsho ibinzana elithi "akukho mntu undithandayo" okanye "andazi ukuba ndenze nantoni na".

Ebusheni, iimpawu zinokwahluka, ke ukuba umntwana wakho ungaphezulu kweminyaka eli-12 ubudala, funda malunga neempawu zoxinzelelo kulutsha.

Ulufumanisa njani uxinzelelo kubantwana

Ukuxilongwa kuqhele ukwenziwa kuvavanyo olwenziwa ngugqirha kunye nohlalutyo lwemizobo, njengoko imeko yomntwana engakwaziyo ukuxela ukuba ulusizi kwaye unxunguphele kwaye, ke ngoko, abazali kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kuzo zonke iimpawu kwaye baxelele ugqirha ukuba enze ukuxilonga.

Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyaniswa kwesi sifo akukho lula, ngakumbi njengoko kunokudideka notshintsho kubuntu njengeentloni, ukuba nochuku, imeko embi okanye ubundlongondlongo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, abazali banokujonga isimilo esiqhelekileyo kubudala babo.

Ke ngoko, ukuba utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokuziphatha komntwana ichongiwe, njengokukhala rhoqo, ukuba nomsindo kakhulu okanye ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu, umntu kufuneka aye kugqirha wabantwana ukuvavanya ukubanakho kokufumana utshintsho lwengqondo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwabantwana, kufuneka ukhatshwe ngugqirha wabantwana, ugqirha wezengqondo, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, amalungu osapho kunye nootitshala kwaye unyango kufuneka luhlale ubuncinci iinyanga ezi-6 ukuthintela ukubuyela umva.

Ngokwesiqhelo, de kube li-9 leminyaka, unyango lwenziwa kuphela ngeeseshoni zonyango lwengqondo kunye nonyango lwengqondo lomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwelo xesha okanye xa isifo singenakunyangeka ngonyango lwengqondo kuphela, kuyafuneka ukuba uthathe iipilisi zokuthomalalisa uxinzelelo, ezinje nge fluoxetine, sertraline okanye paroxetine, umzekelo. Ukongeza, ugqirha unokucebisa ngamanye amayeza anje ngee-stabilizers, antipsychotic okanye ezikhuthazayo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-anti-depressants kuqala kuphela ukusebenza emva kweentsuku ezingama-20 zokuyithatha kwaye nokuba umntwana akasenazo iimpawu, kuya kufuneka aqhubeke nokusebenzisa amachiza ukunqanda uxinzelelo olungapheliyo.

Ukunceda ekubuyiseleni kwimeko yesiqhelo, abazali kunye nootitshala kufuneka basebenzisane kunyango, bekhuthaza umntwana ukuba adlale nabanye abantwana, enze imidlalo, athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yangaphandle kwaye amdumise umntwana rhoqo.

Ujongana njani nomntwana odandathekileyo

Ukuhlala nomntwana onedepression akukho lula, kodwa abazali, usapho kunye nootitshala kufuneka bancede umntwana ukuba asoyise esi sifo ukuze azive exhaswa kwaye akayedwa. Ke, umntu kufuneka:

• Hlonipha iimvakalelo yomntwana, ebonisa ukuba bayaziqonda;
• Khuthaza umntwana ukuba enze imisebenzi ngubani othanda ngaphandle kokubangela uxinzelelo;
• Rhoqo mdumise umntwana wabo bonke abancinci yenza kwaye ingamlungisi umntwana phambi kwabanye abantwana;
• Nika ingqwalaselo enkulu emntwaneni, echaza ukuba bakho ukukunceda;
• Thatha umntwana ayodlala nabanye abantwana ukwandisa intsebenzo;
• Musa ukuvumela umntwana adlale yedwa, okanye uhlale egumbini yedwa ubukele umabonwakude okanye udlala imidlalo yevidiyo;
• Khuthaza ukutya qho kwiiyure ezi-3 zokuhlala wondlekile;
• Gcina igumbi lihlale kamnandi ukunceda umntwana alale kwaye alale kakuhle.

Ezi zicwangciso ziya kumnceda umntwana ukuba azithembe, kuthintelwe ukuba yedwa kwaye aphucule ukuzithemba kwakhe, kumnceda umntwana ukuba anyange uxinzelelo.

Yintoni enokubangela uxinzelelo kubantwana

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uxinzelelo lwabantwana lwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko ezibuhlungu ezinje ngokuhlala uphikisana phakathi kwamalungu osapho, uqhawulo-mtshato lwabazali, ukutshintsha kwesikolo, ukunxibelelana phakathi komntwana nabazali okanye ukusweleka kwabo.

Ukongeza, ukuxhatshazwa, njengokudlwengulwa okanye ukuhlala yonke imihla nabazali abanxila okanye iziyobisi, nako kunokuba negalelo kuxinzelelo.