Umhlaza womlomo: yintoni, iimpawu, izizathu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Yintoni enokubangela umhlaza womlomo
• Ungawuthintela njani umhlaza womlomo
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Umhlaza womlomo luhlobo lwesifo esibuhlungu, esihlala sixilongwa ngugqirha wamazinyo, onokubonakala nakuso nasiphi na isakhiwo somlomo, ukusuka kwimilebe, ulwimi, izidlele kunye neentsini. Olu hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphake kakhulu emva kweminyaka engama-50, kodwa lunokubonakala nangaliphi na ixesha, luthe gqolo kubantu abatshayayo kunye nabantu abanempilo engacocekanga yomlomo.

Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya ukubonakala kwezilonda okanye izilonda ezithatha ixesha ukuphola, kodwa iintlungu ezijikeleze izinyo kunye nokuphefumla okungathandekiyo zinokuba zizilumkiso.

Xa kukho ukukrokreleka komhlaza emlonyeni kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisana nogqirha okanye ugqirha wamazinyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokuqala unyango kwangoko, ukwandisa amathuba okunyanga.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu

Iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo zibonakala zithe cwaka kwaye, ngenxa yokuba kungekho ntlungu, umntu angathatha ixesha elide ukuba afune unyango, isifo sifunyaniswe, ixesha elininzi, kumanqanaba aphezulu.Iimpawu ezibonakalisa umhlaza womlomo ziyahluka ngokwenqanaba lokukhula kwesi sifo, iimpawu zokuqala zezi:

• Isilonda okanye itrush kwisisu esingaphilisiyo kwiintsuku ezili-15;
• Amabala abomvu okanye amhlophe kwiintsini, ulwimi, imilebe, umqala okanye ulusu lomlomo;
• Amanxeba amancinci angenzakalisiyo kwaye anakho okanye angaphumi;
• Ukurhawuzelela, iintlungu emqaleni okanye ukuziva ukuba kukho into encamathele emqaleni.

Nangona kunjalo, kumanqanaba aphambili, iimpawu ziqhubela phambili:

• Ubunzima okanye iintlungu xa uthetha, ukuhlafuna nokuginya;
• Izilonda entanyeni ngenxa yokwanda kwamanzi;
• Iintlungu ezijikeleze amazinyo, ezinokuwa ngokulula;
• Umphunga ombi oqhubekayo;
• Ukwehla ngesiquphe kobunzima.

Ukuba ezi zimpawu zomhlaza womlomo ziyaqhubeka ngaphezulu kweeveki ezi-2, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubonane nogqirha okanye ugqirha wamazinyo ukuvavanya ingxaki, ukwenza iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko kunye nokuchonga isifo, ukuqala unyango olufanelekileyo.

Umhlaza womlomo unokuvela ngenxa yemikhwa yomntu, njengokutshaya nokusela kakhulu, ukongeza, ukusuleleka yintsholongwane ye-HPV kunokubangela ukubonakaliswa komlomo, ukwandisa amathuba okuvela komhlaza womlomo. Ukutya okuneevithamini kunye neeminerali eziphantsi kunye nokuchaphazeleka lilanga ixesha elide nako kunokubangela umhlaza womlomo.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha uyakwazi ukuchonga izilonda zomhlaza ngokujonga nje emlonyeni, nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile uku-oda i-biopsy yeqhekeza elincinci lesilonda ukuze kuchongwe ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.

Ukuba zichongiwe iiseli zethumba, ugqirha unokuyalela i-CT scan ukuvavanya inqanaba lesifo kunye nokuchonga ukuba ngaba zikhona ezinye iisayithi ezichaphazelekayo, ukongeza emlonyeni. Yazi iimvavanyo ezichonga umhlaza.

Yintoni enokubangela umhlaza womlomo

Umhlaza womlomo ungabangelwa ziimeko ezithile ezifana neecuba, ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwepayipi, icigar okanye isenzo sokuhlafuna icuba, kuba umsi uqulethe izinto ezinomzimba ezifana netara, i-benzopyrenes kunye nee-amine ezinencasa. Ukongeza, ukwanda kweqondo lobushushu emlonyeni kuququzelela ubundlongondlongo kwi-mucosa yomlomo, eyenza ukuba ibonakale ngakumbi kwezi zinto.

Ukugqitha kwiziselo ezinxilisayo kukwanxulumene nomhlaza womlomo, nangona kungaziwa ncam ukuba ubangelwa yintoni, kuyaziwa ukuba utywala buququzelela ukungena kweentsalela ze-ethanol, ezinjengealdehydes, nge-mucosa yomlomo, ukuthanda utshintsho lweselula.

Ukuvezwa lilanga emilebeni, ngaphandle kokukhuselwa okufanelekileyo, okunje ngemilebe yomlomo okanye ibhalsam enento yokukhusela ilanga, nayo yenye yezinto ezichaphazela ukukhula komhlaza emilebeni, exhaphake kakhulu eBrazil, kwaye echaphazela ikakhulu abantu abahlinzekileyo, abasebenza elangeni.

Ukongeza, ukosulelwa yintsholongwane ye-HPV kwingingqi yomlomo kukwabonakala ngathi kukonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo, kwaye ke ukukhusela kule ntsholongwane kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iikhondom kwanangokwesini somlomo.

Ukucoceka ngomlomo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamazinyo angengowamvelo angalungelelananga nako zizinto eziququzelela ukukhula komhlaza emlonyeni, kodwa ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci.

Ungawuthintela njani umhlaza womlomo

Ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthintelwe yonke imingcipheko, kunye nokuba nemikhwa elungileyo yococeko lomlomo. Kule nto kufuneka:

• Hlamba amazinyo akho amaxesha ama-2 ngemini, ngebrashi yamazinyo kunye ne-fluoride intlama yamazinyo;
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni, okufana neziqhamo, imifuno kunye neesiriyeli, ukunqanda ukutya inyama kunye nokutya okucutshungulwayo yonke imihla;
• Sebenzisa iikhondom kubo bonke ubudlelwane bezesondo, kwanokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo, ukunqanda ukungcoliseka yi-HPV;
• Musa ukutshaya kwaye ungatyhileki kakhulu kumsi wecuba;
• Sela iziselo ezinxilisayo ngendlela engcathu;
• Sebenzisa i-lipstick okanye i-lip balm kunye nokukhusela ilanga, ngakumbi ukuba usebenza elangeni.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphathe naluphi na utshintsho emazinyweni kwangethuba, kwaye ulandele yonke imiyalelo kagqirha wamazinyo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ungasebenzisi amazinyo womnye umntu okanye isixhobo samathambo esiselfowuni, kuba zinokubangela iindawo zoxinzelelo olukhulu, ukulungelelanisa i-mucosa yomlomo, ukuququzelela ukungena kwezinto ezinobungozi.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lomhlaza womlomo lunokwenziwa ngotyando lokususa ithumba, i-radiotherapy okanye i-chemotherapy. Ukhetho lolona nyango lulungileyo lwenziwa ngokobume bethwele, ubungqongqo nokuba umhlaza usasazekile okanye hayi kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Fumana ngakumbi malunga nokuba uphathwa njani lo mhlaza.