Inkqubo ye-Cardiovascular system: i-Anatomy, i-physiology kunye nezifo

Umxholo

• I-Anatomy yenkqubo yentliziyo
• 1. Intliziyo
• 2. Imithambo kunye nemithambo
• I-physiology yenkqubo yentliziyo
• Izifo ezinokubakho

Inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system iseti equka intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi kwaye inoxanduva lokuzisa igazi elityebileyo kwi-oksijini kunye ne-carbon dioxide ephantsi kuwo onke amalungu omzimba, ebavumela ukuba basebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukongeza, omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo wale nkqubo kukubuyisa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba, ophantsi kwioksijini kwaye kufuneka udlule kwimiphunga kwakhona ukuze wenze ukutshintshiselana ngegesi.

I-Anatomy yenkqubo yentliziyo

Izinto eziphambili zenkqubo yentliziyo zezi:

1. Intliziyo

Intliziyo lelona lungu liphambili lenkqubo ye-cardiovascular system kwaye ibonakaliswa yimisipha emingxunya, ebekwe embindini wesifuba, esebenza njengempompo. Yahlulahlulwe yangamagumbi amane:

• I-atria ezimbini: apho igazi lifika entliziyweni lisuka kwimiphunga nge-atrium yasekhohlo okanye ukusuka emzimbeni nge-atrium yasekunene;
• Ii-ventricles ezimbini: kulapho igazi liya khona emiphungeni okanye kuwo wonke umzimba.

Icala lasekunene lentliziyo lifumana igazi eline-carbon dioxide, ekwabizwa ngokuba ligazi eline-venous, lize liyise emiphungeni, apho lifumana khona ioksijini. Ukusuka kwimiphunga, igazi lihamba liye kwi-atrium yasekhohlo kwaye ukusuka apho iye kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo, ukusuka apho kuvela khona i-aorta, ehambisa igazi eline-oksijini kunye nezakhamzimba wonke.

2. Imithambo kunye nemithambo

Ukujikeleza emzimbeni, igazi liphuma lingena kwimithambo yegazi, enokuthi ihlelwe njenge:

• Imithambo bomelele kwaye bayabhetyebhetye njengoko kufuneka bethathe igazi lisuka entliziyweni kwaye bamelana noxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukuqina kwayo kunceda ekugcineni uxinzelelo lwegazi ngexesha lokubetha kwentliziyo;
• Iimitha ezincinci kunye neearterioles: Iindonga zezihlunu ezihlengahlengisa ubukhulu bazo ukuze zinyuse okanye zinciphise ukuhamba kwegazi kwindawo enikiweyo;
• IiCapillaries: yimithambo yegazi encinci kunye neendonga ezibhityileyo, ezisebenza njengeebhlorho phakathi kwemithambo. Oku kuvumela ioksijini kunye nezakhamzimba ukuba zidlule ukusuka egazini ukuya kwizicwili kunye nenkunkuma ye-metabolic yokudlula ukusuka kwizicwili ukuya egazini;
• Imithambo: baphatha igazi balibuyisele entliziyweni kwaye ngokubanzi abaphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, kwaye akufuneki babe bhetyebhetye njengemithambo.

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-cardiovascular system kusekelwe kwintliziyo, apho i-atria kunye ne-ventricles yentliziyo ikhululeka kunye nekhontrakthi, eyenza umjikelezo oya kuqinisekisa ukujikeleza konke komzimba.

I-physiology yenkqubo yentliziyo

Inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system inokwahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: ukujikeleza kwemiphunga (ukujikeleza okuncinci), okususa igazi lisuke entliziyweni liye emiphungeni nakwimiphunga libuyele entliziyweni nasetyalisweni lokujikeleza kwegazi (lokujikeleza okukhulu), elithatha igazi Intliziyo kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba ngokusebenzisa umthambo we-aorta.

I-physiology yenkqubo ye-cardiovascular system nayo iqulethwe ngamanqanaba amaninzi, aquka:

1. Igazi eliphuma emzimbeni, i-oksijini engacacanga kwaye ityebile kwi-carbon dioxide, lihamba liye kwi-vena cava iye kwi-atrium elungileyo;
2. Xa ugcwalisa, i-atrium elungileyo ithumela igazi kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo;
3. Xa i-ventricle efanelekileyo igcwele, impompa igazi nge-valve yemiphunga ukuya kwimithambo yemiphunga, ebonelela ngemiphunga;
4. Igazi lihamba liye kwii-capillaries emiphungeni, lifunxa ioksijini kwaye lisuse ikharbon diokside;
5. Igazi elinobutyebi beoksijini lihamba ngemithambo yemiphunga ukuya kwi-atrium yasekhohlo entliziyweni;
6. Xa kuzaliswa, iatrium yasekhohlo ithumela igazi eline-oksijini kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo;
7. Xa i-ventricle yasekhohlo igcwele, impompa igazi ngevalvu ye-aortic ukuya kwi-aorta;

Okokugqibela, igazi eline-oksijini eninzi linkcenkceshela umzimba wonke, libonelela ngamandla ukuze kusebenze onke amalungu.

Izifo ezinokubakho

Kukho izifo ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo yentliziyo. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya:

• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo: Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obubangelwa kukungabikho kwegazi entliziyweni, okunokubangela ukufa. Yazi ezona mpawu zokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.
• Ukucwangciswa kwentliziyo: ibonakaliswa kukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, okunokubangela ukubetha kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane. Yazi oonobangela bale ngxaki nendlela yokuyichonga.
• Ukungoneliseki kwentliziyo: kuvela xa intliziyo ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi eloneleyo ukwanelisa iimfuno zomzimba, kubangele ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nokudumba emaqatheni;
• Isifo sentliziyo: ziziphene zentliziyo ezikhoyo ekuzalweni, njengokumbombozela kwentliziyo;
• Cardiomyopathy: sisifo esichaphazela ukusikwa kwesihlunu sentliziyo;
• Valvulopathy: siseti yezifo ezichaphazela nayiphi na yezivalo ezi-4 ezilawula ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni.
• Ukubetha: Kubangelwa yimithambo yegazi exineneyo okanye eqhekekileyo kwingqondo. Ukongeza, ukubetha kungakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokuhamba, ukuthetha kunye neengxaki zombono.

Izifo zesifo sentliziyo, ngakumbi isifo sentliziyo kunye nemivumbo, zezona zinto zibangela ukufa emhlabeni wonke. Inkqubela phambili kwezonyango incede ukunciphisa la manani, kodwa olona nyango lusemgangathweni luhlala luthintelo. Jonga ukuba wenzeni ukuthintela ukubetha kwincam ezisixhenxe zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha.