Unyango lwesiTsholongwane seZifo eziNgapheliyo zePulmonary Disease (COPD)

Umxholo

• Ukuqonda iCOPD
• Iiseli zeziqu 101
• Izibonelelo ezinokubakho zeCOPD
• Uphando lwangoku
• Kwizilwanyana
• Ebantwini
• Yise kude

Ukuqonda iCOPD

Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD) sisifo semiphunga esiqhubela phambili esenza ukuba kube nzima ukuphefumla.

Ngokwe-American Lung Association, ngaphezulu kwe-16.4 yezigidi zabantu e-United States kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba banayo le meko. Nangona kunjalo, kuqikelelwa ukuba abanye abantu abazizigidi ezili-18 banokuba ne-COPD kwaye abayazi.

Ezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili zeCOPD zi-bronchitis engapheliyo kunye ne-emphysema. Abantu abaninzi abaneCOPD badibanisa zombini.

Okwangoku akukho nyango lweCOPD. Kukho unyango kuphela ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uphando oluthembisayo olucebisa ukuba iiseli zeziqu zinokunceda ukunyanga olu hlobo lwesifo semiphunga.

Iiseli zeziqu 101

Iiseli zeziqu zibalulekile kuyo yonke into ephilayo kwaye zabelana ngeempawu ezintathu eziphambili:

• Banokuzihlaziya ngokwahlulahlula iiseli.
• Nangona ekuqaleni bengacacanga, banokuzahlula ngokwabo kwaye bathathe iipropathi zezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicubu, njengoko kukho isidingo.
• Banokufakwa kwenye into ephilayo, apho baya kuthi baqhubeke ukwahlula baphinde baphinde.

Iiseli zeziqu zinokufunyanwa kwiimbumba zomntu ezineentsuku ezintlanu ubudala ezibizwa ngokuba zii-blastocysts. Ezi mbumba zihlala zifumaneka kwi i-In vitro ukuchumisa. Ezinye iiseli zeziqu zikwakhona kumacandelo ahlukeneyo omzimba wabantu abadala, kubandakanya ingqondo, igazi kunye nolusu.

Iiseli zesitem zihleli emzimbeni womntu omdala kwaye azihlukanisi ngaphandle kokuba zenziwe sisiganeko, njengokugula okanye ukwenzakala.

Nangona kunjalo, njengeeseli ze-embryonic stem, ziyakwazi ukwenza izicwili kwamanye amalungu kunye nolwakhiwo lomzimba. Zingasetyenziselwa ukuphilisa okanye ukuphinda zenze kwakhona, okanye ukubuyisela kwakhona, izicwili ezonakalisiweyo.

Iiseli zeziqu zinokukhutshwa emzimbeni kwaye zahlulwe kwezinye iiseli. Baye babuyela emzimbeni, apho baqala khona ukukhuthaza ukuphilisa kwindawo echaphazelekayo.

Izibonelelo ezinokubakho zeCOPD

I-COPD ibangela utshintsho olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwimiphunga nakwindlela yomoya:

• Iingxowa zomoya kunye neendlela zomoya ziphulukana namandla abo okuzolula.
• Iindonga zeengxowa zomoya ziyatshatyalaliswa.
• Iindonga zeendlela zomoya ziyaqina kwaye zitshise.
• Iindlela zomoya zivalwe yimifinya.

Olu tshintsho linciphisa isixa somoya ongena siphuma emiphungeni, sithintela umzimba weoksijini efunekayo kwaye senze ukuba kubenzima ukuphefumla.

Iiseli zesitem zinokunceda abantu abaneCOPD ngo:

• ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwiindlela zomoya, ezinokukunceda ukukhusela umonakalo ongaphezulu
• ukwakha izicwili zemiphunga ezinempilo, ezinokuthi zithathe indawo yazo naziphi na izicwili ezonakeleyo emiphungeni
• ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwee-capillaries ezintsha, eziyimithambo yegazi encinci, emiphungeni; oku kunokukhokelela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemiphunga

Uphando lwangoku

Ulawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) alwamkelanga naluphi na unyango lwe-stem yabantu kubantu abane-COPD, kwaye izilingo zeklinikhi azikadluleli ngaphaya kwesigaba II.

Isigaba II kulapho abaphandi bazama khona ngakumbi ukuba ingaba unyango luyasebenza na kunye neziphumo zalo. Kude kube kwinqanaba lesithathu ukuba unyango ekuthethwa ngalo luthelekiswa namanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga imeko efanayo.

Kwizilwanyana

Kwizifundo zangaphambi kweklinikhi ezibandakanya izilwanyana, uhlobo lweseli elaziwa ngokuba yi-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) okanye i-mesenchymal stromal cell ibonakalise ukuba yeyona ithembisayo. Ii-MSC ziiseli ezinxibelelanayo ezinokutshintsha zibe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli, ukusuka kwiiseli zamathambo ukuya kwiiseli ezinamanqatha.

Ngokutsho kohlaziyo loncwadi lwe-2018, iigundane kunye neempuku ezazifakelwe ukufakelwa ii-MSC zihlala zinamava okwandisiweyo kokukhulisa indawo yomoya kunye nokudumba. Ukwandiswa kwendawo yomoya kubangelwa yiCOPD, kunye ne-emphysema ngokukodwa, ukutshabalalisa iindonga zeengxowa zomoya wemiphunga.

Ebantwini

Uvavanyo lwezonyango ebantwini alukwazanga ukuvelisa iziphumo ezifanayo ezilungileyo eziye zabonwa kwizilwanyana.

Abaphandi bathi oku kubangelwa zizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo:

• Izifundo zaphambi kweklinikhi ubukhulu becala zazisebenzisa izilwanyana ezinesifo esincinci esifana ne-COPD, ngelixa uvavanyo lweklinikhi lujonga abantu abanomodareyitha ukuya kwiCOPD ebukhali.
• Izilwanyana zifumene iidosi eziphezulu ze-MSCs, ezinxulumene nobunzima bomzimba wazo, kunabantu. Oko bekutshiwo, izifundo zeklinikhi zezinye iimeko zibonisa ukuba iidosi eziphezulu zeeseli zeziqu azihlali zikhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono.
• Kwakukho ukungangqinelani kwiindidi zeeMSC ezisetyenzisiweyo. Umzekelo, olunye uphononongo lusebenzise iiseli ezinqabileyo okanye ezisanda kunyibilika ngelixa ezinye zisebenzisa ezitsha.

Ngelixa kungekho bungqina bunamandla bokuba unyango lwe-stem cell lunokuphucula impilo yabantu abane-COPD, akukho bungqina bunamandla bokuba ukufakelwa kweeseli kungakhuselekanga.

Uphando luyaqhubeka kweli cala, ngethemba lokuba izilingo zeklinikhi eziyilwe ngononophelo ziya kuvelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo.

Yise kude

Abaphandi bacinga ukuba iiseli ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngenye imini ukuvelisa imiphunga emitsha, esempilweni kubantu abanesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga. Kungathatha iminyaka emininzi yophando ngaphambi kokuba unyango lwe-stem cell lungazama kubantu abane-COPD.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba olu nyango luza kwiziqhamo, abantu abane-COPD abasayi kuphinda benze utyando lokufaka imiphunga kabuhlungu nangobungozi. Inokude ivule indlela yokufumana unyango kwiCOPD.