Uvavanyo lweGazi lokuSebenzisa iGazi (FOBT)

Umxholo

• Yintoni uvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi?
• Isetyenziselwa ntoni?
• Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwegazi lobugqi?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?
• Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokuhlolwa kwegazi lobugqi?
• Izalathiso

Yintoni uvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi (FOBT) lujonga isampuli yelindle lakho (ilindle) ukujonga igazi. Igazi lobugqwirha lithetha ukuba ngekhe ulibone ngamehlo. Igazi esitulweni lithetha ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho uhlobo oluthile lokopha kwindawo yokugaya ukutya. Ingabangelwa ziimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Iipolyps
• Iimpawu
• Ukuphambuka
• Izilonda
• Colitis, uhlobo lwesifo sokukrala kwamathumbu

Igazi esitulweni linokuba luphawu lomhlaza obomvu, uhlobo lomhlaza oqala kwikholoni okanye kwi-rectum. Umhlaza ongumbala ungunobangela wesibini ophambili wokusweleka okunxulumene nomhlaza e-United States kunye nomhlaza wesithathu oqhelekileyo kumadoda nakwabafazi. Uvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi luvavanyo lokuhlola olunokunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza wecolorectal kwangoko, xa unyango lusebenza kakhulu.

Amanye amagama: FOBT, isitulo igazi lobugqi, uvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi, uvavanyo lwe-Hemoccult, uvavanyo lwe-guaiac smear, gFOBT, immunochemical FOBT, iFOBT; FIT

Isetyenziselwa ntoni?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lokungcola kwegazi lusetyenziswa kuvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwangoko komhlaza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ezinye iimeko ezibangela ukuphuma kwegazi kwindawo yokugaya ukutya.

Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi?

IZiko leSizwe loMhlaza licebisa ukuba abantu bahlolelwe rhoqo umhlaza wecolorectal ukuqala kwiminyaka engama-50. Ukuhlolwa kungaluvavanyo lobugqi okanye olunye uhlobo lovavanyo lokuhlola. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-stool DNA. Kolu vavanyo, ungasebenzisa iikiti zasekhaya zokuvavanya ukuthatha isampuli yesitulo sakho kwaye usibuyisele kwilebhu. Kuya kujongwa igazi kunye notshintsho kwimfuza olunokuba yimpawu zomhlaza. Ukuba uvavanyo luchanekile, uyakufuna i-colonoscopy.
• A ikholoscopy. Le yinkqubo encinci yotyando. Uya kuqala unikwe isidambisi esincinci ukukunceda uphumle. Emva koko umboneleli wezempilo uya kusebenzisa ityhubhu encinci ukujonga ngaphakathi kwikholoni yakho

Kukho izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kuhlobo ngalunye lovavanyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokuba loluphi uvavanyo olulungele wena.

Ukuba umboneleli wakho ucebisa uvavanyo lwegazi lokungcola, kufuneka ufumane unyaka nonyaka. Uvavanyo lwe-stool lwe-DNA kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-3, kwaye ikholonoscopy kufuneka yenziwe qho kwiminyaka elishumi.

Unokufuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo xa unemingcipheko ethile. Oku kubandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza ongaqhelekanga
• Ukutshaya icuba
• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwegazi lobugqi?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lobugqi luvavanyo olungelulo olunokuthi lwenziwe ekhaya ngokukunceda. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kukunika ikiti ebandakanya imiyalelo yendlela yokwenza uvavanyo. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zovavanyo lobugqi be-fecal: indlela ye-guaiac smear (gFOBT) kunye nendlela ye-immunochemical (iFOBT okanye i-FIT). Apha ngezantsi kukho imiyalelo yovavanyo ngalunye. Imiyalelo yakho ingahluka kancinci kuxhomekeke kumenzi wekhithi yovavanyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-guaiac smear (gFOBT), kuya kufuneka ukuba:

• Qokelela iisampulu ukusuka kumathumbu amathathu ahlukeneyo.
• Isampulu nganye, qokelela ilindle uze uligcine kwisitya esicocekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba isampuli ayixubeki kumchamo okanye amanzi asuka kwindlu yangasese.
• Sebenzisa isixhobo esivela kwikiti yakho yovavanyo ukuthambisa isitulo esithile kwikhadi lovavanyo okanye kwisilayidi, esifakiwe kwikhithi yakho.
• Ileyibhile kwaye tywina zonke iisampulu zakho njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Thumela iisampulu kumboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye ilebhu.

Uvavanyo lwe-fecal immunochemical test (FIT), kuya kufuneka ukuba:

• Qokelela iisampulu kumanqanaba amabini okanye amathathu okuhamba kwamathumbu.
• Qokelela isampulu kwindlu yangasese usebenzisa ibrashi ekhethekileyo okanye esinye isixhobo esifakwe kwikhithi yakho.
• Kwisampulu nganye, sebenzisa ibrashi okanye isixhobo ukuthatha isampulu kumphezulu wesitulo.
• Bhrasha isampulu kwikhadi lovavanyo.
• Ileyibhile kwaye tywina zonke iisampulu zakho njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Thumela iisampulu kumboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye ilebhu.

Qiniseka ukuba ulandela yonke imiyalelo ebonelelwe kwikhithi yakho, kwaye uthethe nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?

Ukutya okuthile kunye neziyobisi kunokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-guaiac smear (gFOBT). Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokukucela thintela oku kulandelayo:

• I-nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) ezinje nge-ibuprofen, naproxen, okanye i-aspirin iintsuku ezisixhenxe phambi kovavanyo lwakho. Ukuba uthatha iasprini yeengxaki zentliziyo, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokumisa amayeza akho. I-Acetaminophen inokukhuseleka ukuyisebenzisa ngeli xesha, kodwa jonga umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uyithathe.
• Ngaphezulu kwama-250 mg wevithamini C yonke imihla ukusuka kwizongezo, iijusi yeziqhamo, okanye iziqhamo iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngaphambi kovavanyo lwakho. I-Vitamin C inokuchaphazela iikhemikhali kuvavanyo kwaye ibange neziphumo ezibi nokuba likho igazi.
• Inyama ebomvu, njengenkomo, imvana, kunye nengulube, kangangeentsuku ezintathu phambi kovavanyo. Ukutsalwa kwegazi kwezi nyama kunokubangela iziphumo ezibubuxoki.

Akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo okanye izithintelo kwindlela yokutya yovavanyo lwe-fecal immunochemical test (FIT).

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?

Akukho bungozi baziwayo ekuvavanyweni kwegazi lobugqi.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Ukuba iziphumo zakho zilungile kulo naluphi na uhlobo lovavanyo lokungcola kwegazi, oko kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba wopha kwenye indawo kwindawo yokugaya ukutya. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba unomdlavuza. Ezinye iimeko ezinokuthi zivelise iziphumo ezilungileyo kuvavanyo lwegazi lokungcola zibandakanya izilonda, iihemorrhoids, iipolyps kunye nezihlunu ezinobungozi. Ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo zilungile kwigazi, umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kuthi acebise uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo, njengekholonoscopy, ukufumana indawo ngqo kunye nesizathu sokuphuma kwegazi lakho. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zakho, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwelabhoratri, uluhlu lweereferensi, kunye neziphumo zokuqonda.

Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokuhlolwa kwegazi lobugqi?

Ukuvavanywa komhlaza rhoqo ngokungafaniyo, njengokuvavanywa kwegazi lobugqi, sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kumlo wokulwa nomhlaza. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba uvavanyo lokuhlola lunokunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza kwangethuba, kwaye lunokunciphisa ukusweleka kwesi sifo.

Izalathiso

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Ulwazi olukule ndawo akufuneki lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye iingcebiso. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.