Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokuzala kunye nendlela yokunyusa amathuba okuqonda

Umxholo

• Inkcazo yokuzala
• Oonobangela bokuzala
• Iingxaki zokuvuthwa
• Ukuthintelwa kwetyhubhu ye-fallopian
• Ukungaqheleki kwesibeleko
• Iingxaki ngemveliso yesidoda okanye umsebenzi
• Iingxaki ngokuhanjiswa kwesidoda
• Imiba yomngcipheko
• Ukuchonga ukuzala
• Unyango lwenzalo
• Ukunyusa ukungahambelani kokukhulelwa
• Unyango
• Unyango lwamadoda
• Unyango kwabasetyhini
• Uncediso lwetekhnoloji yokuzala
• Ukwamkela umntwana ongamzelanga ibengowakho
• Ukuzama ukukhulelwa ngokwendalo ngokuchasene nokuqala unyango lokuchuma
• Yise kude

Inkcazo yokuzala

Amagama okuzala nokungachumi ahlala esetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo, kodwa awafani. Ukuzalisa inzalo kukulibaziseka ekukhulelweni. Ukungachumi kukungakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokwendalo emva konyaka omnye wokuzama.

Kwinzala, ithuba lokukhulelwa ngokwendalo likho, kodwa lithatha ixesha elide kunomyinge. Ukungachumi, amathuba okuba ukhulelwe ngaphandle kongenelelo lonyango akunakwenzeka.

Ngokophando, uninzi lwabantu abatshatileyo bayakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12 zokuba babelane ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga rhoqo.

Oonobangela bokuzala

Uninzi lwezinto ezibangela ukungachumi ziyafana nokungachumi. Ingxaki yokukhulelwa inokubangelwa ziingxaki zokungachumi kwendoda okanye kwabasetyhini, okanye ukudityaniswa kwazo zombini. Ngamanye amaxesha, oyena nobangela awaziwa.

Iingxaki zokuvuthwa

Unobangela oqhelekileyo wokuzala kukungxaki nge-ovulation. Ngaphandle kwe-ovulation, iqanda alikhutshwa ukuba lidibaniswe.

Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokuthintela i-ovulation, kubandakanya:

• i-polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS), enokuthintela i-ovulation okanye ibangele i-ovulation engaqhelekanga
• indawo yokugcina i-ovarian reserve (DOR), okucutha ukubala kweqanda labasetyhini ngenxa yokuguga okanye ezinye izizathu, ezinje ngemeko yonyango okanye utyando lwangaphambili lwe-ovari
• ukungonelanga kwe-ovari ngaphambi kwexesha (i-POI), ekwabizwa ngokuba kukuyeka ukuya exesheni, apho ii-ovari zisilela ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40 ngenxa yemeko yonyango okanye unyango, njenge-chemotherapy
• iimeko ze-hypothalamus kunye ne-pituitary gland, eziphazamisa ukubanakho ukuvelisa iihomoni ezifunekayo ukugcina ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwe-ovari

Ukuthintelwa kwetyhubhu ye-fallopian

Iityhubhu ezibhloka ezithintelweyo zithintela iqanda ekudibaneni nesidoda. Ingabangelwa ngu:

• endometriosis
• Isifo sokudumba kwepelevic (PID)
• izicwili ezibomvu kutyando lwangaphambili, njengotyando lokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic
• Imbali ye-gonorrhea okanye i-chlamydia

Ukungaqheleki kwesibeleko

Isibeleko, esikwabizwa ngokuba sisibeleko, kulapho umntwana wakho akhula khona. Ukungaqheleki okanye iziphene esibelekweni zinokuphazamisana namandla akho okukhulelwa. Oku kunokubandakanya iimeko zokubeleka zesibeleko, ezikhoyo ngexesha lokuzalwa, okanye umba okhula kamva.

Ezinye iimeko zesibeleko zibandakanya:

• septate isibeleko, apho ibhanti yethishu yahlulahlula isibeleko sibe ngamacandelo amabini
• isibeleko se-bicornuate, apho isibeleko sinemingxunya emibini endaweni yomnye, esifana nokumila kwentliziyo
• isibeleko esiphindiweyo, apho isibeleko sinemingxunya emibini emincinci, nganye inovulo lwayo
• i-fibroids, ezikhula ngokungaqhelekanga ngaphakathi okanye kwisibeleko

Iingxaki ngemveliso yesidoda okanye umsebenzi

Ukuveliswa kwesidoda okungaqhelekanga okanye umsebenzi kunokubangela ukuzala. Oku kunokubangelwa ziimeko ezininzi kunye nezinto, kubandakanya:

• ukuvuza ngaphantsi
• chlamydia
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo
• isifo seswekile
• uqwilikana
• umhlaza kunye nonyango lomhlaza
• Imithambo eyandisiweyo kwiimvavanyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-varicocele
• iziphene zemfuza, ezinjengeKlinefelter's syndrome

Iingxaki ngokuhanjiswa kwesidoda

Iingxaki ngokuhanjiswa kwesidoda kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukukhulelwa. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• iimeko zofuzo, ezinje ngecystic fibrosis
• Ukuchama ngaphambi kwexesha
• ukwenzakala okanye ukonakala kovavanyo
• iziphene zolwakhiwo, ezinje ngokuvaleka kwamatyhalarha

Imiba yomngcipheko

Izinto ezithile zonyusa umngcipheko wokuzala. Uninzi lwezinto ezinobungozi ziyafana nokuzala kwabesilisa nabasetyhini. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukuba ngumntu obhinqileyo ongaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35
• ukuba yindoda engaphezu kweminyaka engama-40
• ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukutshaya icuba okanye intsangu
• ukusebenzisa kakhulu utywala
• uxinzelelo lomzimba olugqithisileyo
• ukubonakaliswa kwimitha
• amayeza athile
• ukuvezwa kwityhefu yokusingqongileyo, efana nelothe kunye nezitshabalalisi

Ukuchonga ukuzala

Ingcali yezokuzala inokunceda ukufumanisa unobangela wokuzala. Ugqirha uya kuqala ngokuqokelela imbali yezonyango kunye nezesondo zawo omabini amaqabane.

Ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-pelvic yabasetyhini kunye novavanyo lwamalungu esini emadodeni.

Uvavanyo lokuchuma luya kubandakanya inani leemvavanyo. Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa kwabasetyhini lubandakanya:

• i-ultrasound engaphaya kokujonga amalungu okuzala
• iimvavanyo zegazi ukulinganisa amanqanaba ehomoni ahambelana nokuvuthwa
• I-hysterosalpingography yokuvavanya imeko yeetyhubhu zesibeleko kunye nesibeleko
• Uvavanyo lwe-ovarian reserve ukujonga umgangatho kunye nobungakanani bamaqanda

Uvavanyo lwamadoda lunokubandakanya:

• Uhlalutyo lobudoda
• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukumisela amanqanaba ehomoni, kubandakanya ne testosterone
• iimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje nge-testicular ultrasound
• ukuvavanywa kwemvelo ukujonga iziphene zemfuza ezinokuchaphazela ukuchuma
• I-biopsy yamatyhalarha yokuchonga ukungaqheleki

Unyango lwenzalo

Ukuba nenzala kunokuba ungachumi kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhulelwe ngokwendalo. Ke unyango lokuzala lujolise kutshintsho lwendlela yokuphila kunye nokufunda indlela yokwandisa amathuba akho okukhulelwa.

Unyango kunye nezinye iindlela ziyafumaneka ukuba ziyafuneka.

Ukunyusa ukungahambelani kokukhulelwa

Nazi ezinye iinguqulelo zendlela yokuphila kunye neengcebiso ezinokunyusa amathuba akho okukhulelwa ngokwemvelo:

• Kulumkele ukutshaya, okunokuchaphazela ukuzala kwamadoda nabasetyhini.
• Yeka ukusela utywala.
• Gcina ubunzima obunempilo, njengoko ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu kunokuchaphazela ukuzala.
• Sebenzisa iikiti ze-ovulation predictor ukuze ufumane elona xesha lilungileyo ngexesha lomjikelo wakho wokuba ulale.
• Landa umkhondo weqondo lobushushu lomzimba wakho ukunceda ukumisela ukuba uchume nini.
• Thintela ubushushu obugqithisileyo, njengee sauna, ezinokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kwesidoda kunye nokuhamba.
• Nciphisa i-caffeine, edibaniswe nokuzaliswa kwabasetyhini.
• Thetha nogqirha malunga namayeza akho, njengoko abanye besaziwa ngokuchaphazela ukuchuma.

Unyango

Unyango lonyango luya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu sokuzala okanye ukungachumi. Unyango luyahluka phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini.

Unyango lwamadoda

Ukhetho kunyango lwamadoda lunokubandakanya ukunyanga iingxaki zempilo yesondo okanye:

• utyando ukulungisa i-varicocele okanye ukuvaleka
• amayeza okuphucula umsebenzi wamatyhalarha, kubandakanya ukubala kwesidoda kunye nomgangatho
• ubuchule bokubuyisa isidoda bokufumana isidoda emadodeni anengxaki yokuchama okanye xa ulwelo olunencindi alunaso isidoda

Unyango kwabasetyhini

Kukho iindlela zonyango ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ukunceda ukubuyisela ukuchuma kwabasetyhini. Unokufuna enye kuphela okanye indibaniselwano engaphezulu kwesinye ukuze ukwazi ukukhulelwa.

Oku kubandakanya:

• iziyobisi zokucwangcisa ukulawula okanye ukukhuthaza ukuchuma
• utyando ukunyanga iingxaki zesibeleko
• i-intrauterine insemination (IUI), ebeka isidoda esisempilweni ngaphakathi kwesibeleko

Uncediso lwetekhnoloji yokuzala

Itekhnoloji yokuzala yokuncedisa (i-ART) ibhekisa kulo naluphi na unyango lokuchuma okanye inkqubo ebandakanya ukuphathwa kweqanda kunye nesidoda.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) yeyona nkqubo ixhaphakileyo ye-ART. Kubandakanya ukufumana amaqanda omfazi kwii-ovari zakhe kunye nokufaka isichumiso kwidlozi. Iimbumba zifakwe kwisibeleko.

Ezinye iindlela zinokusetyenziswa ngexesha le-IVF ukunceda ukwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa. Oku kubandakanya:

• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), apho isidoda esisempilweni sitofelwa ngqo kwiqanda
• Ukuqanduselwa okuncedayo, oku kunceda ukumiliselwa ngokuvula isimbozo sangaphandle sombungu
• isidoda okanye amaqanda anikelayo, anokusetyenziswa ukuba kukho iingxaki ezinzima nokuba kungamaqanda okanye isidoda
• Isithwali sokukhulelwa, esikhethwa ngabasetyhini ngaphandle kwesibeleko esisebenzayo okanye abo bagqalwa benomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhulelwa

Ukwamkela umntwana ongamzelanga ibengowakho

Ukwamkela umntwana ongamzalanga abe ngowakho ukhetho ukuba awunakho ukukhulelwa okanye uphonononga amanye amathuba ngaphandle konyango lokungachumi.

Iiblogi zokukhulisa abantwana zisisixhobo esihle ukuba ujonge ulwazi ngokwamkelwa kunye nokuqondwa ngabantu abebeye kwinkqubo yokwamkelwa.

Ukufunda ngakumbi ngokwamkelwa komntwana

• IBhunga likaZwelonke loKwamkelwa komntwana ongamzalanga abe ngowakho
• Izixhobo zoKwamkelwa
• Iintsapho ezamkelekileyo

Ukuzama ukukhulelwa ngokwendalo ngokuchasene nokuqala unyango lokuchuma

Uninzi lweengcali zicebisa ukuba uthethe nogqirha emva kokuzama ukukhulelwa unyaka omnye kubafazi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35, okanye emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kwabasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35.

Abantu abaneemeko zonyango ezaziwayo okanye ukonzakala okunokuchaphazela ukukhulelwa kufuneka babone ugqirha ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.

Yise kude

Ukuzala kuthetha ukuba ukuzama ukukhulelwa kuthatha ixesha elide kunoko kulindelweyo. Nangona oku kunokukhathaza, utshintsho oluthile kwindlela yokuphila lunokunyusa amathuba akho okukhulelwa.

Thetha nogqirha ukuba ukhathazekile malunga nokuzala kwakho.