Uxinzelelo kulutsha: Izibalo, iimpawu, isifo kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zoxinzelelo kulutsha
• Uthintelo lokuzibulala
• Imiba yomngcipheko woxinzelelo kulutsha
• Ukuchonga uxinzelelo kulutsha
• Iinyani kunye nezibalo malunga nokuzibulala kolutsha
• Unyango loxinzelelo kuLutsha
• Inqaku malunga noxinzelelo kunye noLutsha
• Ukujamelana
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

Ukufikisa kunokuba lelona xesha linzima kulutsha nakubazali babo. Ngeli nqanaba lokukhula, utshintsho oluninzi lwehomoni, lomzimba kunye nengqondo lwenzeka. Olu tshintsho luqhelekileyo kwaye luhlala lusenza ukuba kube nzima ukubona kunye nokufumanisa uxinzelelo.

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo kulutsha ziyafana nezo zabantu abadala. Kodwa bahlala bezibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iindlela zokuzenzakalisa, ezinjengokusika okanye ukutshisa, zinqabile kubantu abadala kodwa zixhaphake kakhulu kulutsha.

Ukudakumba kwinqanaba lokufikisa kungakhokelela kwiingxaki zokuziphatha ezinje:

• ukucaphuka okanye ukudakumba
• ukuqala ukulwa
• indelelo
• ukutsiba isikolo
• ebaleka
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo eyingozi
• amabakala amabi

Ngokutsho kweZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo, i-2.8 yezigidi zokufikisa yafumana ubuncinci isigxina esikhulu ku-2013. Abo bafikisayo bamele iipesenti ezili-11.4 zabantu abali-12 ukuya kweli-17 ubudala eUnited States.

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo kulutsha

Abakwishumi elivisayo banokutshintsha iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha xa bedandathekile. Utshintsho lweemvakalelo lunokubandakanya:

• iimvakalelo zokudakumba, ukungabi nathemba, okanye ulilize
• ukucaphuka
• ukonwaba
• Ukuphulukana nomdla okanye ukonwaba kwimisebenzi owakha wayonwabela
• ukuzijongela phantsi
• ukuziva unetyala
• ukuzibalela ityala okanye ukuzigxeka
• kunzima ukucinga, ukugxila, ukwenza izigqibo nokukhumbula izinto
• ukucinga rhoqo ngokufa, ukufa, okanye ukuzibulala

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunokubandakanya:

• ukungazinzi
• ukudinwa
• ukukhala rhoqo
• Ukurhoxa kubahlobo nakusapho
• ukudubuleka ngumsindo
• Ukulinganisa
• utshintsho ebuthongweni
• utshintsho kumdla wokutya
• ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye iziyobisi
• ukuhla kwamabanga okanye ukungabikho rhoqo esikolweni
• ukuzenzakalisa (umzekelo, ukusika okanye ukutshisa)
• ukuzama ukuzibulala okanye uceba ukuzibulala

Ukuziphatha okuzenzakalisayo ngumqondiso osisilumkiso woxinzelelo. Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zihlala zingajoliswanga ekupheliseni ubomi bomntu. Kodwa kufuneka zithathwe ngokungathí sina. Zihlala zidlulile kwaye zihlala ziphela njengoko ulutsha lukhula ngcono ukulawula amandla kunye nezinye izakhono zokujamelana.

Uthintelo lokuzibulala

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu usemngciphekweni wokuzenzakalisa okanye wenzakalise omnye umntu:

• Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni.
• Hlala naloo mntu de kufike uncedo.
• Susa nayiphi na imipu, iimela, amayeza, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ingozi.
• Mamela, kodwa musa ukugweba, ukuphikisa, ukugrogrisa, okanye ukukhwaza.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu othile ucinga ngokuzibulala, fumana uncedo kwingxaki okanye kumnxeba onqabileyo wokuthintela ukuzibulala. Zama iNqanaba lokuSebenza lokuThintela ukuzibulala ku-800-273-8255.

Imithombo: Ukuzibulala kuThintelo kuZwelonke kunye Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo

Imiba yomngcipheko woxinzelelo kulutsha

Imiba yomngcipheko woxinzelelo ngexesha lokufikisa ibandakanya:

• ingxaki yosapho, njengokufa okanye uqhawulo-mtshato
• ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo okanye ngokwesondo
• ukuphikisana rhoqo
• ukungqina ubundlobongela ekhaya

Abantu abancinci abalwa nesazisi sabo banomngcipheko omkhulu wokudakumba. Ngokunjalo nolutsha olunengxaki yokulungisa intlalontle, okanye olunqongopheleyo ekuxhaseni ngokwasentlalweni okanye ngokweemvakalelo. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo kulutsha luyanyangeka kakhulu kwakube kufunyaniswe isifo.

Ukuchonga uxinzelelo kulutsha

Ukuchonga uxinzelelo kulutsha kunokuba nzima. Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana wakho afumane uvavanyo olupheleleyo yingcali yezempilo yengqondo. Ngokukhethekileyo, le ngcali kufuneka ibe namava okanye uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kulutsha. Uvavanyo kufuneka lubandakanye imbali epheleleyo yophuhliso lolutsha lwakho. Kuya kubandakanya imbali yosapho, ukusebenza kwesikolo, kunye nokuziphatha kwasekhaya. Ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba.

Iinyani kunye nezibalo malunga nokuzibulala kolutsha

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kubalulekile. Ukuba ukudakumba kunzima, ulutsha lungajonga ukuzibulala. Ukuba umntwana wakho ukwishumi elivisayo uneengcinga zokuzibulala okanye uzama ukuzibulala, kuya kufuneka ufune uncedo kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo kwangoko.

Ngokwengxelo, ukuzibulala kungunobangela wesithathu okhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abancinci abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-10 nengama-24 eUnited States. Oku kuthetha ukuba lulutsha olungama-4,600 oluthatha ubomi balo minyaka le.

Imiba yomngcipheko wokuzibulala kolutsha ibandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho yokugula ngengqondo
• ngaphambi kokuzama ukuzibulala
• utywala okanye iziyobisi
• iziganeko zoxinzelelo
• ukufikelela kwimipu
• ukubonakaliswa kolunye ulutsha oluzibuleleyo
• Ukuziphatha okuzenzakalisayo, njengokuzisika okanye ukutshisa
• ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni

Unyango loxinzelelo kuLutsha

Unyango lwabakwishumi elivisayo abanokudakumba kuhlala kuyindibaniselwano yamayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo. Unyango lwepsychotherapy lunokubandakanya iindlela zonyango zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha. Izicwangciso zonyango kufuneka ziqwalasele umntu ngamnye, usapho, isikolo kunye nemicimbi yezonyango. Uxinzelelo kulutsha kuhlala kunxulumene neengxaki ekhaya. Ukuphucula izakhono zobuzali yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango.

Uxinzelelo kulutsha lunokubangela ukulibaziseka kwizifundo. Oku kulibaziseka kunokufuna utshintsho kwimeko yesikolo sakho. Uvavanyo lwemfundo lunokufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho uya kwenza ngcono kwisikolo sabucala kunakwisikolo sikarhulumente.

Abantu abadala abafikisayo baya kuba nezwi kunyango lwabo. Olu nyango lunokubandakanya amayeza. Zininzi iintlobo zamayeza okulwa nokudakumba. Qiniseka ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza afanelekileyo kumntwana wakho ofikisayo. Soloko umfaka umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo kwingxoxo.

Inqaku malunga noxinzelelo kunye noLutsha

Kubekho impikiswano kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngokusebenza kwe-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) ye-antidepressants kulutsha.

Ngo-2007, i-US Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) yapapasha uphononongo lophando lwe-SSRI. Uphengululo lufumanise ukuba iipesenti ezi-4 zolutsha oluthatha ii-SSRI zinamava okuzibulala nokuziphatha, kabini inqanaba labo bathatha indawo ye-placebo.

I-FDA iphendule ngokubeka kuzo zonke ii-SSRI. Ileyibhile ilumkisa ngokuchaseneyo nomngcipheko wokuzibulala nokuziphatha kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25.

Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba izifundo zangaphambili zazingacwangciswanga kakuhle. Ikwacebisa ukuba abaguli abadandathekileyo abanyangwe ngamayeza okulwa noxinzelelo babengenamngcipheko uphakamileyo wokuzama ukuzibulala kunezigulana ezinganyangekiyo.

Ukujamelana

Ukuba ukudakumba kuchaphazela ubomi bentsha yakho, kuya kufuneka ufune uncedo kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo. Ingcali iya kwenza isicwangciso sonyango ngokukodwa kulutsha lwakho. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba umntwana wakho alandele eso sicwangciso.

Ezinye izinto umntwana wakho anokuzenza ukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo zezi:

• zihlale usempilweni kwaye uzilolonga
• Yiba nolindelo olusengqiqweni kunye neenjongo
• ube nobuhlobo obusempilweni ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu
• gcina ubomi bulula
• cela uncedo
• bagcine ijenali yokuvakalisa izimvo zabo kunye neemvakalelo zabo

Maninzi amaqela enkxaso ukunceda umntwana wakho adibane nolunye ulutsha olunodandatheko. Nanga amanye amaqela enkxaso yoxinzelelo:

• Iqela lenkxaso yeFacebook yokuXhalaba kunye noXinzelelo
• Ixhala kunye noxinzelelo loMbutho waseMelika
• Amaqela okuPhulukana noXinzelelo: Ubutsha kunye neKholeji yobudala
• Isenzo seSiseko soSapho
• Uxinzelelo kunye ne-Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA)
• I-Teenline ekwi-Intanethi

Ukuba izinto ziba zimbi, khangela uncedo kwiingcali zempilo yengqondo ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, nazi ezinye iindawo zokunxibelelana nokuzibulala:

• Uthintelo lokuZibulala kuZwelonke
• Ukuzibulala kuThintelo lweLizwe kuFacebook
• Iklinikhi yeCrisis
• Umgca weSicatshulwa seCrisis
• Ndiyaphila

Imbonakalo

Ukudakumba kwabakwishumi elivisayo kuchaphazela ulutsha oluninzi. Uxinzelelo lubangela inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzibulala kolutsha, ke kufanele ukuba kuthathwe ngokungathí sina. Kubalulekile ukufumanisa uxinzelelo kulutsha kwangethuba. Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu zokudakumba, qiniseka ukubona ugqirha wezempilo yengqondo. Unyango lunokusebenza ngokukuko kwaye kuhlala kubandakanya unyango lwengqondo kunye namayeza.