Irhafu epinki: Ixabiso lokwenyani lamaxabiso asekwe kwisini

Umxholo

• 'Irhafu epinki'
• 'Irhafu yethamponi'
• Ukwenza iitampon kunye neepads zifikeleleke ngakumbi
• Amazwe akhokela phambili
• Ukuthatha

Ukuba uthenga nakweyiphi na ivenkile ekwi-intanethi okanye kwivenkile yezitena nodaka, uya kufumana ikhosi yengozi kwintengiso esekwe kwisini.

Iimveliso "zobudoda" ziza zipakishwe ngombala omnyama okanye omnyama we-navy onamagama e-boutique anjengeBull Dog, iVikings Blade, kunye neRugged kunye neDapper. Ukuba iimveliso zinevumba elimnandi, livumba le-muskier.

Okwangoku, iimveliso "zowasetyhini" kunzima ukuziphosa: ukuqhuma kwepinki kunye nokumfusa okukhanyayo, kunye nedosi eyongeziweyo yokuqaqamba. Ukuba zinevumba elimnandi, iziqholo zineziqhamo kunye neentyatyambo, njenge-ertyisi emnandi kunye ne-violet, intyatyambo yeapile, kunye nemvula ye-raspberry-nokuba yintoni na.

Ngelixa ivumba kunye nombala mhlawumbi umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kweemveliso ngokwesiko ezijolise emadodeni nakwabasetyhini, ukhona omnye, umahluko ongacacanga: ixabiso lentengo. Kwaye kubiza abo bathenga iimveliso ezijolise kubafazi kakhulu ngakumbi.

'Irhafu epinki'

Amaxabiso asekwe ngokwesini, ekwabizwa ngokuba "yirhafu epinki," yinto eyonyuswayo kwiimveliso ngokwesiko ezijolise kubantu basetyhini ezinomahluko kuphela kwizithambiso kwiimveliso ezinokuthelekiswa ngokwesiko ezilungiselelwe amadoda.

Ngamanye amagama, ayisiyiyo irhafu.

"Yimeko yokungenisa ingeniso yeenkampani zabucala ezifumene indlela yokwenza imveliso yazo ibonakale ijolise ngakumbi okanye ifanele abantu kwaye ibone oko njengomenzi wemali," ucacisa uJennifer Weiss-Wolf, igqwetha, usekela mongameli Brennan School of Justice kwiSikolo soMthetho se-NYU, kunye nomsunguli we-Period Equity.

"Ndicinga ukuba izizathu ezijikeleze irhafu epinki zivela ngokucacileyo kwisimo sokuqala songxowankulu: Ukuba unokwenza imali ngayo, kufanelekile," uqhuba watsho.

Nangona kunjalo irhafu epinki ayisiyonto intsha. Kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, iCalifornia, iConnecticut, iFlorida, kunye neSouth Dakota zikhuphe iingxelo ngamaxabiso ezesini kumazwe abo. Ngo-2010, iiNgxelo zabaThengi ziqaqambise lo mbandela kuzwelonke ngophando olwafumanisa ukuba, ngelo xesha, abasetyhini babhatala imali engange-50 yepesenti ngaphezulu kunamadoda ahlawulela iimveliso ezifanayo.

Umcimbi wachazwa kakuhle ngakumbi ngo-2015 xa iSebe leMicimbi yabaThengi laseNew York lakhupha ingxelo malunga nokungafani kwamaxabiso kwiimveliso ezingama-794 xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezingama-91 ezazithengiswe kuso sonke isixeko.

Ingxelo ivavanye amashishini amahlanu ahlukeneyo, anje ngeemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu okanye iimveliso zononophelo lwempilo eziphezulu / zasekhaya. Ezi zinto zibandakanya iindidi zeemveliso ezingama-35, ezinje ngokuhlamba umzimba okanye ishampu. Kuwo onke amashishini amahlanu, iimveliso zabathengi ezithengiselwa abasetyhini kunye namantombazana zibiza ngaphezulu. Kwakunjalo kuzo zonke kodwa zintlanu kwiindidi zemveliso ezingama-35.

Abaphandi bajonga kwiimveliso ezili-106 kudidi lwezinto zokudlala kunye nezixhobo kwaye bafumanisa ukuba, ngokomndilili, ezo zijolise kumantombazana zazinexabiso leepesenti ezisi-7 ngaphezulu.

Olona nyuso lubalaseleyo, nangona kunjalo, lwaluphakathi kweemveliso zononophelo lomntu.

Umzekelo, ipakethi ezintlanu zeSchick Hydro cartridges ezipakishwe emfusa zibiza i-18.49 yeedola, ngelixa inani elifanayo leSchick Hydro liphinda lifake kwiipakethe eziluhlaza lixabisa i $ 14.99.

Kwakhona, ngaphandle kombala wokupakisha, iimveliso zijongeka ngokufanayo.

Ingxelo ye-NYC ifumanise ukuba abasetyhini bajongene nexabiso eliphakathi lokwahluka kweepesenti ezili-13 kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu phakathi kweemveliso ezili-122 xa kuthelekiswa nophando. Kwaye ababhali baqaphele ngokufanelekileyo ukuba ezi zinto, ezinje nge-gel yokucheba kunye ne-deodorant, zezona zithengwa rhoqo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi -thetha ukuba iindleko zongezwa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngelixa oku kungalunganga kubo bonke abo bathengela ezi mveliso, elo pesenti ye-13 inyusa amaxabiso ibetha abasetyhini kunye namantombazana aphuma kumakhaya anengeniso ephantsi ngakumbi.

Imizamo yowiso-mthetho, nangona kunjalo, inokulungisa irhafu epinki. Ngo-1995, ngelo xesha u-Assemblywoman uJackie Speier wayepasile ngempumelelo umthetho oyilwayo owawuthintela amaxabiso ezesini eenkonzo, njengokucheba iinwele.

Ngoku njengeNkosikazi yeCongress, u-Rep. Speier (D-CA) uya kuzwelonke: Uphinde wamisa umthetho wokuBuyiselwa kweRhafu ePink kulo nyaka ukujongana ngqo neemveliso eziphantsi kwerhafu epinki. (Inguqulelo yangaphambili yetyala elaziswe ngo-2016 yahluleka ukuyikhupha kwikomiti). Ukuba lo mthetho uyilwayo uyapasiswa, ungavumela amagqwetha aseburhulumenteni ngokubanzi "ukuba athabathe amanyathelo eluntwini kubathengi aboniwe ngenxa yocalucalulo." Ngamanye amagama, banokuya ngqo emva kwamashishini abiza amaxabiso ngamadoda nabasetyhini amaxabiso awahlukeneyo.

'Irhafu yethamponi'

Irhafu epinki ayisiyiyo kuphela into echaziweyo echaphazela abasetyhini. Kukwakhona ne "tampon tax", ebhekisa kwirhafu yokuthengisa esetyenziselwa izinto ezicocekileyo zobufazi ezinje ngeepads, iiliners, iitampon, kunye neekomityi.

Okwangoku, amazwe angama-36 asasebenzisa irhafu yokuthengisa kwezi zinto ziyimfuneko zokuya exesheni, ngokweenkcukacha ezivela kumbutho we-Weiss-Wolf Period Equity. Irhafu yokuthengisa kwezi mveliso iyahluka kwaye isekwe kwikhowudi yerhafu karhulumente.

Ke ngoku? Usenokuzibuza. Wonke umntu uhlawula irhafu yentengiso. Kubonakala kufanelekile ukuba iitampon kunye neepads zinerhafu yokuthengisa, nayo.

Akunjalo, utshilo uWeiss-Wolf. Amazwe aseka ukungahlawuliswa irhafu, nakwincwadi yakhe Amaxesha ahamba esidlangalaleni: Ukuthatha indawo yokulingana nokuya esikhathini, ucacisa ezinye iindlela ezinganyanzelekanga ukuba zikhululwe.

"Ndahamba yonke ikhowudi yetax kuwo onke amazwe engakhange ikhulule iimveliso zokuya exesheni ukuze ndibone into abayenzileyo, kwaye uluhlu alunangqondo," uWeiss-Wolf uxelela iHealthline. Izinto ezingahlawulisi rhafu, zidweliswe zombini kwincwadi ka Weiss-Wolf kunye neHealthline ezilandelelweyo, zisusela kwimarshmallows eFlorida ukuya ekuphekeni iwayini eCalifornia. IMaine ziimoto ezihamba ngekhephu, kwaye yimbewu kajongilanga ye-barbecue e-Indiana kunye nobulungu beklabhu yemipu eWisconsin.

Ukuba i-barbecue sunflower seed are tax exempt, uxoxa u-Weiss-Wolf, ngoko ke iimveliso zobufazi ziya kuba njalo.

Irhafu yeetampon ihlala ibhekiswa ngokungachanekanga njengerhafu yobunewunewu, uyachaza uWeiss-Wolf. Endaweni yoko, yirhafu yentengiso eqhelekileyo esetyenzisiweyo kuyo yonke impahla - kodwa kuba kuphela ngabantu abaya exesheni basebenzisa iimveliso ezicocekileyo zobufazi, irhafu iyasichaphazela ngokungalinganiyo.

Njengokuhlawulwa kwezinto zokunyamekela ezenzelwe abantu ababhinqileyo, imali encinci yokuthengisa siyikhupha rhoqo ngenyanga ukulawula u-Aunt Flo uyongeza ngaphezulu kobomi bonke, kwaye oku kuchaphazela kakubi abantu basetyhini abavela kumakhaya anengeniso ephantsi.

"Lo mbandela unomdla wokwenene ebantwini," u-Weiss-Wolf uxelela i-Healthline. "Ndicinga ngokuyinxenye kuba amava okuya exesheni aqheleke kakhulu kuye nawuphina umntu onamava, njengoko kunjalo ukuqonda ukuba ukukwazi ukuyilawula kubaluleke kakhulu ekukwazini ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye ube nobomi obunesidima."

Bobabini abesilisa nabasetyhini bayo yonke imivimbo yezopolitiko bayaqonda ukuba "uqoqosho lokuya exesheni," njengoko uWeiss-Wolf ekubiza, alungeni. Iqela lakhe lePeriod Equity liwuthathe lo mbandela kwilizwe liphela ngo-2015 ngokusebenzisana nemagazini iCosmopolitan kwisicelo seTshintsho.org esithi "ax irhafu yetampon." Kodwa irhafu yokuthengisa kufuneka ijongiswe ngabameli bakarhulumente.

Kwaye kukho indlela ende yokuhamba.

Amazwe amahlanu - iAlaska, iDelaware, iNew Hampshire, iMontana neOregon - abanayo irhafu yokuthengisa ukuqala, ngenxa yoko iipads kunye neetampon azihlawuliswa apho. Okwangoku, iMaryland, iMassachusetts, iMinnesota, iNew Jersey, kunye nePennsylvania babekade bezimisele ngokwabo ukususa irhafu yokuthengisa kwezi zinto, ngokwePeriods Gone Public.

Ukusukela ngo-2015, enkosi kukonyusa ubhengezo malunga nexesha lokulingana, amazwe angama-24 azise iibhili zokukhulula iipads kunye neetamponi kwirhafu yokuthengisa. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela yi-Connecticut, eFlorida, e-Illinois, naseNew York abaphumeleleyo ekwenzeni ezi zixhobo zangasese-zikhululwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Oko kwathethi, iArizona, Nebraska, kunye neVirginia bazise amatyala erhafu kwiitenamente zabo ngo-2018.

Ke kutheni le nto ithathe ixesha elide le ncoko?

"Eyona meko inokwenzeka yeyokuba uninzi lwamalungu omthetho awayi exesheni, ngenxa yoko bebengacingi ngayo nangayiphi na indlela eyakhayo," utsho uWeiss-Wolf.

Ukwenza iitampon kunye neepads zifikeleleke ngakumbi

Ukongeza kwi-tampon tax, ukuxhaswa kokulingana kwexesha lokuya exesheni kunene kufumana umphunga malunga nokufikeleleka kweemveliso zokucoceka kwabasetyhini kwabasetyhini nabasetyhini abasentolongweni nakwizikolo zikarhulumente.

"Ziyimfuneko njengephepha langasese," watsho iBhunga leSixeko kwi-2016 xa i-NYC ivotela ukwenza iimveliso zezempilo ezikhululekile ezikolweni, kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nasejele. Kuxelwe ukuba ngama-300,000 amantombazana esikolo aneminyaka eli-11 ukuya kweli-18 nama-23,000 abasetyhini kunye namantombazana ahlala kumakhaya okhuseleko e-NYC bachaphazeleka kulo mthetho uyilwayo.

Ukufikelela kwezi zinto zococeko kunika isidima kwaye kwenza ukuba abasetyhini kunye namantombazana bathathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo eluntwini.

"Nakule meko yezopolitiko ikhoyo ngoku, enetyhefu kwaye i-polarised ... le yindawo enye [yokufikeleleka ebonakalise ukuba iyadlula kubambiswano kwaye inenkxaso eyomeleleyo kumacala omabini endlela," utshilo u-Weiss-Wolf.

Kulo nyaka, iNew York State ivotele ukubonelela ngemveliso yasimahla yococeko lwabasetyhini kumagumbi okuphumla amantombazana kumabanga 6 ukuya kwele-12.

“Lo mbandela unesandi sokwenene ebantwini. Ndicinga ngokuyinxenye kuba
Amava okuya exesheni aqheleke kakhulu kuye nawuphina umntu owakha wanamava, njengoko
kukuqonda ukuba ukukwazi ukuyilawula kubaluleke kakhulu komnye
ubuchule bokuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye ube nobomi obunesidima. ” -
UJennifer Weiss-Wolf

Ngo-2015 nango-2017, umenzi womthetho waseWisconsin wazisa umthetho oyilwayo wokwenza iiphedi neetamponi zifumaneke simahla kwizikolo zikarhulumente, izikolo ezisebenzisa inkqubo yevawutsha yombuso, nakwizakhiwo zikarhulumente. ECanada, uceba wesixeko saseToronto wacebisa ukuba kwenziwe umthetho ofanayo wezindlu ezingenamakhaya.

Amazwe akhokela phambili

Ukulingana sexesheni kuneendlela zokuhamba kuninzi lwamazwe aseMelika, kwaye sinokujonga kwamanye amazwe ukukhuthazwa kwento enokuba yiyo.

• IKenya yatshona
  irhafu yokuthengisa kwiimveliso zezempilo zowesifazane ngo-2004 kwaye yabele izigidi
  ukuhambisa iipads ezikolweni ngeenzame zokunyusa ukuhamba kwamantombazana.
• ICanada yatshutshiswa
  iimpahla zayo kunye neenkonzo zerhafu (efanayo nerhafu yokuthengisa) kwiitampon ngo-2015. Australia
  uvotile
  ukwenza okufanayo kwinyanga ephelileyo, nangona ifuna ukuvunywa ngakumbi ngu
  imimandla nganye.
• Inkqubo yokulinga eAberdeen,
  IScotland iyasasaza
  Iimveliso ezicocekileyo kubantu basetyhini kumakhaya anengeniso ephantsi njengovavanyo lwe
  Inkqubo enkulu enokwenzeka.
• I-United Kingdom nayo yasusa itampon
  Irhafu, nangona zikhona izizathu ezinxulumene neBrexit ayizukuqala ukusebenza okwangoku. Ukuya
  buyisa, amatyathanga amakhulu e-UK, anje
  NjengoTesco, behlise amaxabiso kwiimveliso zempilo yabantu basetyhini ngokwabo.

Ukuthatha

I-United States ekugqibeleni ixoxa ixesha elide malunga neendleko ezinxulumene ne-biology yethu. Njengokuba uninzi lwethu lukhule luthanda isiqholo esinevumba elimnandi, akukho nto inkuthazayo yokuba iinkampani ziyeke ukuzenza zahluke - kodwa ubuncinci zinokuyeka ukusifunela yona.

Kwaye ngelixa ukubanethuba (kunye neekram ezihamba nazo) kungaze kube ngamava amnandi, ingxoxo ejikeleze uqoqosho lokuya exesheni ibonakala ngathi ibangela ukwenzeka ngakumbi kunye nemfesane kwabo bafuna iimveliso ukuzilawula.

UJessica Wakeman ngumbhali kunye nomhleli egxile kwimicimbi yabasetyhini kwezopolitiko, kwezentlalo nakwinkcubeko. Ekuqaleni wayevela eConnecticut, wafunda ubuntatheli kunye nesini kunye nezifundo zesini e-NYU. Wayekade engumhleli kwi-Frisky, iDaily Dot, i-HelloGiggles, i-YouBeauty, kunye ne-Someecards, kwaye usebenze kwi-Huffington Post, i-Radar Magazine kunye ne-NYmag.com. Ukubhala kwakhe kuvele kwinani lokuprinta nakwizihloko ezikwi-Intanethi, kubandakanya iGlamour, Rolling Stone, Bitch, iNew York Daily News, iNew York Times yokuHlolwa kweeNcwadi, iThe Cut, iBustle kunye neRomper. Ukwibhodi yabalawuli be-Bitch Media, imithombo yeendaba yabasetyhini engenzi nzuzo. Uhlala eBrooklyn nomyeni wakhe. Bona ngakumbi ngomsebenzi wakhe iwebhusayithi yakhe kwaye ulandele kuye Twitter.