Iindidi zegazi: A, B, AB, O (kunye namaqela ahambelanayo)

Umxholo

• Ngubani onokunikela ngegazi
• Unikela njani ngegazi

Iindidi zegazi zihlelwa ngokobukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-agglutinins, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngamachiza omzimba okanye iiproteni kwi-plasma yegazi. Ke, igazi linokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ze-4 ngokwe-ABO:

• Igazi A: yenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo kwaye iqulethe ii-antibodies ezichasene nohlobo B, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-anti-B, kwaye inokufumana kuphela igazi kubantu bohlobo A okanye O;
• Igazi B: yenye yeentlobo ezinqabileyo kwaye iqulethe ii-antibodies ezichasene nohlobo A, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-anti-A, kwaye inokufumana kuphela igazi kubantu bohlobo B okanye O;
• Igazi le-AB: lolunye lweentlobo ezinqabileyo kwaye alunazo izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene no-A okanye B, oko kuthetha ukuba linokufumana igazi lazo zonke iintlobo ngaphandle kokuphendula;
• Igazi O: yaziwa njengomnikeli jikelele kwaye yenye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo, ine-anti-A kunye ne-anti-B, kwaye inokufumana kuphela igazi kuhlobo O lwabantu, kungenjalo inokonyusa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi Oanganikela ngegazi kuye nakubani na kodwa banokufumana kuphela iminikelo evela kubantu abanegazi elifanayo. Kwelinye icala, abantu bayathanda UAB unokufumana igazi kuye nawuphina umntu kodwa banokunikela kuphela kubantu abanegazi elifanayo. Kubalulekile ukuba utofelo-gazi lwenziwe kuphela kubantu abanokuhambelana, kungenjalo kunokubakho iimpendulo zotofelo, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kubunzima.

Ngokodidi lwegazi, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya ezinokuthi zifaneleke ngakumbi. Jonga ukuba ukutya kufuneka kube njani kubantu abanegazi A, igazi B, igazi le-AB okanye igazi u-O.

Ekukhulelweni, xa umama ene-Rh negative kwaye umntwana ene-HIV, kukho amathuba okuba umfazi okhulelweyo avelise ii-antibodies zokuphelisa usana kwaye kunokukhokelela kwisisu. Ke ngoko, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abanolu hlobo lwegazi kufuneka babonane nogqirha wabasetyhini ukujonga xa kukho into ebonisa inaliti ye-anti-D immunoglobulin, kodwa azikho iingxaki ezinkulu ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Nantsi into enokuyenza xa uhlobo lwegazi lomntu okhulelweyo lingu-Rh negative.

Ngubani onokunikela ngegazi

Igazi elinikelayo lihlala kwimizuzu engama-30 kwaye ezinye iimfuno kufuneka zihlonitshwe, ezinje:

• Yiba phakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-65 yeminyaka ubudala, nangona kunjalo abantu abaneminyaka eli-16 ubudala banokunikela ngegazi logama nje benesigunyaziso esivela kubazali okanye kubagcini babo kwaye bazalisekise ezinye iimfuno zomnikelo;
• Bunzima obungaphezu kwama-50 kg;
• Ukuba une tattoo, linda phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuzange ungcoliswe lulo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-hepatitis kwaye usempilweni;
• Zange ndisebenzise iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni;
• Lindela unyaka omnye emva kokunyanga i-STD.

Amadoda anokunikela ngegazi kube kanye kwiinyanga ezi-3 kwaye ubuninzi bezihlandlo ezi-4 ngonyaka kunye nabasetyhini qho kwiinyanga ezi-4 kwaye ubuninzi bezihlandlo ezi-3 ngonyaka, njengoko abasetyhini belahlekelwa ligazi inyanga nenyanga ngokuya exesheni, bethatha ixesha elide ukuzalisa inani legazi . Jonga ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezinokuthi zithintelwe ukunikela ngegazi.

Phambi komnikelo kubalulekile ukunqanda ukutya ukutya okunamafutha ubuncinci iiyure ezi-4 ngaphambi komnikelo, ukongeza kuthintelo lokuzila ukutya. Ke ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube nesidlo esilula phambi kokuba unikele ngegazi nasemva kokunikela, emva koko ube nokutya okulula, okuhlala kunikezelwa kwindawo yokunikela. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usele ulwelo oluninzi, ungatshayi ubuncinci iiyure ezi-2 emva kokunikela kwaye ungazenzi izinto ezomeleleyo kakhulu, kuba kunokuba khona umngcipheko wokuphelelwa ngamandla, umzekelo.

Jonga olu lwazi kule vidiyo ilandelayo:

Unikela njani ngegazi

Umntu onqwenela ukunikela ngegazi kufuneka aye kwesinye sezikhululo zokuqokelela igazi, agcwalise iphetshana elinemibuzo eliqela malunga nempilo yakhe kunye nendlela aphila ngayo. Le fomu iyakuhlalutywa yingcali kwaye, ukuba umntu uyakwazi, uya kuba nakho ukuhlala kwisitulo esitofotofo seminikelo eza kwenziwa.

Umongikazi uza kufaka inaliti kumthambo wengalo, apho igazi liza kungena kwingxowa ethile yokugcina igazi. Umnikelo uhlala malunga nesiqingatha seyure kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ucele ikhefu emsebenzini ngalo mhla, ngaphandle kokutsalwa umvuzo.

Ekupheleni komrhumo, kuzonikezelwa ngesiniki-manzi okutya okutsha, ukugcwalisa amandla akhe, njengoko kuyinto eqhelekileyo kulowo unikeleyo ukuba azive ebuthathaka kwaye enesiyezi, nangona inani legazi elirhoxisiweyo lingafikeleli kwisiqingatha selitha kwaye umzimba uya buyisa ngokukhawuleza le lahleko.

Kukhuselekile ukunikela ngegazi kwaye umnikeli akafumani nasiphi na isifo, kuba ilandela imigangatho yokhuseleko lwegazi kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe kwiSebe lezeMpilo, kuMbutho waseMelika nakwiBhunga laseYurophu kwiiBhanki zegazi.

Bukela le vidiyo ilandelayo kwaye wazi ukuba igazi alinakunikelwa nini: