Ukuqhubela phambili iintsomi

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-HIV?
• Ukuhanjiswa ngamanzi omzimba
• Uhlobo lokuhanjiswa
• Iibhanki zegazi kunye neminikelo yelungu ikhuselekile
• Ukuqhagamshelana kunye nokuphuzana kukhuselekile
• Iintsomi zokuhambisa: Ukuluma, ukukrwela kunye nokutshica
• Iinketho zesini ezikhuselekileyo
• Coca iinaliti
• Imfundo igxotha iintsomi nebala

Yintoni i-HIV?

Le ntsholongwane ihlasela amajoni omzimba. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokubangela ukuba i-immunodeficiency syndrome (i-AIDS) ifunyanwe, isifo esosulelayo ekunciphiseni amajoni omzimba kwaye sinokubulala, ukuba asishiywanga singanyangwa.

Umntu omnye angadlulisela i-HIV komnye phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ukuqonda iinyani kunokukholelwa kwiintsomi malunga nokusasazeka kwe-HIV kunokuthintela ukusasazeka kolwazi olungelulo kunye nokusasazeka kwe-HIV.

Ukuhanjiswa ngamanzi omzimba

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ingahanjiswa ngamanzi athile omzimba anakho ukuqulethe i-HIV ephezulu. Olu lwelo lubandakanya igazi, incindi yobudoda, ubufazi nobufazi, kunye nobisi lwebele.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo iyasasazeka xa ulwelo oluvela kumntu onezixa ezilinganisekayo zentsholongwane emzimbeni wakhe (one-HIV) edlula ngqo egazini okanye kwiimbumba ezinomhluzi, ukusika, okanye izilonda ezivulekileyo zomntu ongenayo i-HIV (HIV-negative).

I-Amniotic kunye ne-spinal cord fluids nayo inokuba ne-HIV kwaye inokuba ngumngcipheko kubasebenzi bezempilo abachanabeke kubo. Olunye ulwelo lomzimba, olunjengeenyembezi kunye namathe, ALUWANOKUSENZA usulelo.

Uhlobo lokuhanjiswa

Ukuvezwa kwe-HIV kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo. Isini sangasese kunye nokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini kunemingcipheko yokosulela kwe-HIV, ukuba kuveziwe. Kukho iimeko zokuhanjiswa kwe-HIV ngokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo, kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo kunqabile kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokusasaza ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Ukwabelana ngesondo ngesondo kugcina umngcipheko ophezulu wokusasazeka phakathi kwesondo. Ukopha kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini ngenxa yeethishu ezibuthathaka ezihambisa umgca kunye nomsele wangasemva. Oku kuvumela intsholongwane ukuba ingene emzimbeni ngokulula nokuba ukopha okubonakalayo akubonwa, njengoko ikhefu kwi-anal mucosa inokuba yimicroscopic.

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​inokusasazeka isuke kowasetyhini iye emntwaneni ngexa lokukhulelwa, xa kuzalwa naxa uncancisa.Nawuphi na umba apho umntu achaphazeleka ngqo egazini lomntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo kwaye unokubonakala okanye ubungakanani bomthamo wentsholongwane kunokuba ngumngcipheko. Oku kubandakanya iinaliti zokwabelana ngenaliti yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ukufumana umvambo ngezixhobo ezingcolileyo. Imigaqo yokhuseleko ngokubanzi ithintela usulelo olunxulumene notofelo-gazi.

Iibhanki zegazi kunye neminikelo yelungu ikhuselekile

Umngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV utofelo-gazi, ezinye iimveliso zegazi, okanye ukunikelwa kwamalungu ngoku kunqabile kakhulu eMelika. waqala ukuvavanya lonke igazi elinikelwe i-HIV ngo-1985, emva kokuba abasebenzi bezonyango befumanise ukuba igazi elinikelweyo lingangumthombo wosulelo lwe-HIV. Uvavanyo oluphucukileyo ngakumbi lwenziwa kwiminyaka ye-1990s ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwegazi kunye namalungu. Iminikelo yegazi evavanya ukuba inentsholongwane kaGawulayo ilahlwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ayingeni kwigazi laseMelika. Umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo ngexesha lotofelo-gazi uqikelelwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba, ngokweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Ukuqhagamshelana kunye nokuphuzana kukhuselekile

Akukho mfuneko yokoyika ukuba ukwanga okanye ukunxibelelana nje nomntu ophila ne-HIV kunokudlulisela i-HIV. Intsholongwane ayihlali kulusu kwaye ayinakuphila ixesha elide ngaphandle komzimba. Ke ngoko, ukudibana okuqhelekileyo, okunje ngokubambana ngezandla, ukuwola, okanye ukuhlala ecaleni komntu ophila ne-HIV, ngekhe kuyidlulise le ntsholongwane.

Ukuncamisana okuvalwa ngomlomo ayisosisongelo nako. Ukuphuzana okunzulu, okuvule umlomo kungangumngcipheko xa kubandakanya igazi elibonakalayo, njengokuphuma kwiintsini okanye ukopha emilonyeni. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu. Amathe ayidlulisi intsholongwane kagawulayo.

Iintsomi zokuhambisa: Ukuluma, ukukrwela kunye nokutshica

Ukukhuhla kunye nokutshica ayizondlela zokudlulisela i-HIV. Umkrwelo awukhokeleli kutshintshiselwano lwamanzi omzimba. Sebenzisa iigloves xa utsala igazi kunceda ukukhusela ekuhanjisweni ukuba kwenzeka ngengozi kwigazi elosulelekileyo. Ukulunywa okungophuli ulusu akunakosulela i-HIV nako. Nangona kunjalo, ukuluma okuvula isikhumba kwaye kubangele ukopha kunokuba-nangona zimbalwa kakhulu iimeko zokulunywa ngumntu okubangela ukonzakala okwaneleyo kulusu ukuhambisa i-HIV.

Iinketho zesini ezikhuselekileyo

Ungazikhusela kusulelo lwe-HIV ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokwabelana ngesondo, kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iikhondom kunye nokuthatha i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Sebenzisa ikhondom entsha ngalo lonke ixesha usabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi, umlomo, okanye ezimpundu. Khumbula ukusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa ezisekwe emanzini okanye ezisekwe kwisilicon ngeekhondom. Iimveliso ezisekwe kwioyile zinokuyichitha i-latex, inyuse umngcipheko wokusilela kwekhondom.

I-Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) lunyango lwemihla ngemihla umntu anokungenwa yi-HIV angalusebenzisa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV. Ngokwe-CDC, ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kwe-PrEP kunokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV ngokwabelana ngesondo ngokuthi

Ukwabelana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo kubandakanya ukugcina unxibelelwano luvulekile kunye neqabane lakho. Xoxa ngemingcipheko enxulumene nokwabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom, kwaye wabelane nge-HIV yakho neqabane lakho owabelana nalo ngesondo. Ukuba iqabane eliphila ne-HIV lithatha amayeza ee-antiretroviral, xa sele efikelele kumthamo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo awunakho ukudlulisela i-HIV. Iqabane elingenayo i-HIV kufuneka livavanyelwe i-HIV kunye nezinye izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo.

Coca iinaliti

Iinaliti ekwabelwana ngazo ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye ii-tatoo zinokuba ngumthombo wosulelo lwe-HIV. Uluntu oluninzi lubonelela ngeenkqubo zokutshintshiselana ngenaliti ezibonelela ngeenaliti ezicocekileyo ukunciphisa ukosulela kwe-HIV kunye nolunye usulelo olunjenge-hepatitis C. Sebenzisa olu thuba njengoko kufuneka, kwaye ucele uncedo kumboneleli wezonyango okanye kunontlalontle ngongenelelo lokusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi.

Imfundo igxotha iintsomi nebala

Xa i-HIV yavela okokuqala, ukuhlala ne-HIV yayisisigwebo sokufa esasinehlazo eluntwini. Abaphandi bafunde ngokuhambisa kakhulu kwaye baphuhlisa unyango oluvumela abantu abaninzi abosulelekileyo ukuba baphile ubomi obude, obunemveliso kwaye baphelise nawuphi na umngcipheko wokudlulisela i-HIV ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Namhlanje, ukuphucula imfundo nge-HIV kunye nokuvala iintsomi malunga nokusasazeka kwe-HIV zezona ndlela zingcono zokuphelisa ukubekwa amabala kwezentlalo okunxulunyaniswa nokuphila ne-HIV.

Funda eli nqaku ngeSpanish.