7 ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zengqondo: indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga

Umxholo

• 1. Ixhala
• 2. Uxinzelelo
• 3. Ischizophrenia
• 4. Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya
• 5. Uxinzelelo lwasemva kwengozi
• 5. Ukushwankathela
• 6. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo
• 7. Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo
• Ezinye iingxaki zengqondo

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuchazwa njengotshintsho lwengqondo, uhlobo lweemvakalelo kunye / okanye indlela yokuziphatha, enokuthi ithintele ukuhlangana komntu kwimeko akhulele kuyo kwaye akhule kuyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ezahlulwa ngokweentlobo, kwaye ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya ezinxulumene noxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, ukutya, ubuntu okanye iintshukumo, umzekelo.

Ezona ngxaki ziphambili zengqondo zihlala zivela zezi:

1. Ixhala

Iingxaki zokuxhalaba zixhaphake kakhulu, zikhona malunga ne-1 kubantu aba-4 abaya kugqirha. Babonakaliswa kukungonwabi, uxinzelelo, uloyiko okanye uvakalelo olubi, ezingathandekiyo kwaye zihlala zibangelwa lulindelo lwengozi okanye into engaziwayo.

Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zoxinzelelo kukuxhalaba ngokubanzi, panic syndrome kunye ne-phobias, kwaye ziyingozi kakhulu kokubini kuchaphazela intlalontle kunye neemvakalelo zomntu, kunye nokubangela iimpawu ezingathandekiyo, ezinjengokubetha, ukubila kubanda, ukungcangcazela, ukungabikho komoya, uvakalelo yokuphelelwa ngamandla, ukurhawuzelela okanye ukugodola, umzekelo, kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu wokukhula koxinzelelo okanye ukuba likhoboka lotywala kunye namayeza.

Kwenziwe ntoniKuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenze ngengqondo kunye nesayikholojisti, ukongeza ekubekeni iliso kugqirha wezifo zengqondo, kwezinye iimeko, onokubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza okuthomalalisa iimpawu, ezinje ngexinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo lwexhala. Ikwajolise ekusebenzeni ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye, ukongeza, utyalo-mali kwiindlela zendalo okanye imisebenzi yolonwabo enjengokucamngca, ukudanisa okanye iyoga kunokuba luncedo, ukuba nje bakhokelwa ngugqirha. Funda ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga unxunguphalo.

2. Uxinzelelo

Uxinzelelo luchazwa njengemeko yokudakumba eqhubeka ngaphezulu kweeveki ezi-2, unosizi kunye nokuphulukana nomdla okanye ukonwaba kwimisebenzi, kwaye unokuhamba kunye neempawu ezinje ngokuba nochuku, ukungalali okanye ukulala kakhulu, ukungakhathali, ukunciphisa umzimba okanye ukutyeba, ukungabikho kwamandla okanye ubunzima bokugxila, umzekelo. Qonda ukuba wazi njani ukuba lusizi okanye kukudakumba.

Kwenziwe ntoni: ukunyanga uxinzelelo, ukulandelelwa ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo kubonisiwe, oya kuthi abonise unyango ngokobunzima besimo kunye neempawu ezinikiweyo. Eyona ndlela yokunyanga uxinzelelo kukudityaniswa kwonyango lwengqondo kunye nesayikholojisti kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezichasayo ezichazwe ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo, kubandakanya iSertraline, Amitriptyline okanye iVenlafaxine, umzekelo.

3. Ischizophrenia

ISchizophrenia sisifo esiyintloko sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, esaziwa njenge-syndrome ebangela ukuphazamiseka kolwimi, ukucinga, ukuqonda, imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, uthando kunye nentando.

Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abancinci sele bekwishumi elivisayo, kodwa sinokubakho nakwiminye iminyaka, kwaye ezinye zeempawu kunye neempawu ziqhelekile kukucinga izinto ezingekhoyo, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, ubuqhetseba, ukucinga okungalungelelananga, utshintsho kwintshukumo okanye uthando lwangaphandle, umzekelo. . Yazi ezona ntlobo ziphambili zeschizophrenia kunye nendlela yokuchonga iimpawu.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Ukubeka iliso kunyango kuyadingeka, okuza kubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza e-antipsychotic, afana neRisperidone, Quetiapine, Clozapine kunye ne-Olanzapine, umzekelo. Ukongeza, ukuziqhelanisa nosapho kunye nokulandela kunye nezinye iingcali zempilo, ezinje ngesayikholoji, unyango lomsebenzi kunye nesondlo, umzekelo, kubalulekile ukuba unyango lusebenze ngokupheleleyo.

4. Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya

I-Anorexia amanosa yenye yezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo ekutyeni kwaye ibonakaliswa kukunciphisa umzimba ngabom, okubangelwa kukungatyi ukutya, ukugqwethwa komfanekiso wakho kunye nokoyika ukutyeba.

IBulimia, ekwaxhaphaka ngokuthe gabalala, kubandakanya ukutya izixa ezikhulu zokutya kunye nokuzama ukuphelisa iikhalori ngeendlela eziyingozi, njengokunciphisa ukugabha, ukusebenzisa laxatives, ukwenza umthambo kakhulu okanye ukuzila ukutya ixesha elide.

Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abancinci, kwaye kuye kwanda rhoqo ngenxa yenkcubeko yokuxabisa ubuhle. Nangona i-anorexia kunye ne-bulimia zezona ngxaki ziphambili zokutya, kukho ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nokutya, njenge-orthorexia, apho kukho inkxalabo egqithileyo malunga nokutya ukutya okusempilweni. Fumanisa ukuba zeziphi ezona ngxaki ziphambili ekutyeni.

Kwenziwe ntoni: alukho unyango olulula lokunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo, efuna unyango lwengqondo, lwengqondo kunye nonyango, kwaye amayeza ahlala eboniswa kuphela kwizifo ezinxulumene noko, ezinje ngoxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo. Amaqela enkxaso kunye neengcebiso kunokuba ziindlela ezilungileyo zokuxhasa unyango kunye nokufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo.

5. Uxinzelelo lwasemva kwengozi

Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo luxinzelelo oluvela emva kokuvezwa yimeko ethile ebuhlungu, njengokuhlaselwa, isoyikiso sokufa okanye ukulahleka kothandekayo, umzekelo. Ngokubanzi, umntu ochaphazelekayo uphinda aqhubeke ngokwenzekileyo ngeenkumbulo okanye ngamaphupha, kwaye abonise uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo. Jonga ukuba wazi njani ukuba luxinzelelo lwasemva kwengozi.

Kwenziwe ntoniUnyango lwenziwa ngonyango lwengqondo, apho ugqirha wengqondo azama ukunceda ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iziganeko ezibangela uloyiko lokungazibandakanyi kunye nendlela abanokuzikhupha ngayo iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zezi ziganeko. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuya kugqirha wezifo zengqondo ukuya kucebisa ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza, anje ngeyeza lokuthomalalisa uxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo lweempawu zokuthomalalisa iimpawu.

5. Ukushwankathela

Somatization sisifo apho umntu enezikhalazo zomzimba ezininzi, ebhekisa kumalungu ohlukeneyo omzimba, kodwa angachazwanga lulo naluphi na utshintsho eklinikhi. Ngokwesiqhelo, ngabantu abahlala beya kugqirha ngezikhalazo ezininzi, kwaye kuvavanyo lonyango, uviwo lomzimba kunye neemviwo, akukho nto ifumanekileyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abanengxaki yokufumana amava ngokuxhalaba kunye nokutshintsha kwemood, ukongeza ekubeni unyanzelekile. Xa ukongeza ukuziva umntu eza kulingisa okanye ngabom ukukhupha iimpawu, esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba sisiphazamiso.

Kwenziwe ntoni: ukubeka iliso engqondweni kunye nasengqondweni kuyimfuneko, ukuze umntu akwazi ukunciphisa iimpawu. Amayeza anje nge-anti-depressants okanye i-anxiolytics anokufuneka kwezinye iimeko. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokugula komzimba kunye nezifo zengqondo.

6. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo

Isifo seBipolar sisifo sengqondo esibangela ukutshintsha kwemood okungalindelekanga, ukusukela kuxinzelelo, okubandakanya usizi kunye nokudakumba, ukuya kwi-mania, impulsivity kunye neempawu ezigqithisileyo. Qonda indlela yokuchonga nokunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo.

Kwenziwe ntoni: unyango luhlala lwenziwa ngamachiza okuzinzisa imo, njenge-lithium carbonate, ekufuneka icetyiswe ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo.

7. Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-OCD, oku kuphazamiseka kubangela iingcinga ezingafunekiyo kunye nezinyanzelekileyo eziphazamisa umsebenzi womntu wemihla ngemihla, njengokubaxa ekucoceni, ukutyeba ngokuhlamba izandla, isidingo sokulinganisa okanye ukungxamiseka kokuqokelela izinto, umzekelo.

Kwenziwe ntoniUnyango lwesifo esinganyanzelekanga sikhokelwa ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo, ngokuthatha iziyobisi ezichasene noxinzelelo, ezinje ngeClomipramine, iParoxetine, iFluoxetine okanye iSertraline, kunye nonyango lokuqonda nokuziphatha kuyacetyiswa. Fumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokuba ungasichonga njani na usinyange esi sifo.

Ezinye iingxaki zengqondo

Ukongeza kwezi ngxaki zichazwe ngaphambili, kukwakho nezinye ezichazwe kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo (DSM-5), enje:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njenge-schizophrenia okanye i-delusional disorder;
• Ukuphazamiseka kubuntu, ezinje ngeparanoid, antisocial, borderline, histrionic okanye narcissistic types, umzekelo;
• Ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene neziyobisi, ezinje ngeziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, utywala, amayeza okanye icuba, umzekelo;
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ezinje nge-delirium, i-Alzheimer's okanye esinye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo;
• Ingxaki ye-Neurodevelopmental disorder, njengokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka konxibelelwano, i-autism, ukusilela kwengqwalaselo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukuphazamiseka kwentshukumo;
• Ukudakumba ngokwesondo, ezinjengokuchama ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ukulibaziseka;
• Ingxaki yokulala, ezinje ngokungalali, i-hypersomnolence okanye i-narcolepsy;
• Ukuphazamiseka Paraphilic, ehambelana nomnqweno wesini.

Kwimeko apho kurhanelwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kuboniswane nesazi ngengqondo okanye ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, ukuze kuvavanyo oluyimfuneko lwenziwe, ukufumanisa isifo kwaye kuchongwe olona nyango lufanelekileyo.