Unyango lokunyanga umhlaza wamathumbu

Umxholo

• 1. Utyando
• 2. Unyango ngemitha
• 3. Unyango ngamayeza
• 4. Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

Unyango lomhlaza wamathumbu lwenziwa ngokwenqanaba kunye nokuba qatha kwesi sifo, indawo, ubungakanani kunye neempawu zethumba, kunye notyando, i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy okanye i-immunotherapy inokuboniswa.

Umhlaza wamathumbu uyanyangeka xa isifo sifunyenwe kumanqanaba okuqala esi sifo kwaye unyango luqalwa kungekudala emva koko, njengoko kulula ukunqanda imastastasis kunye nokulawula ukukhula kwethumba. Nangona kunjalo, xa umhlaza uchongiwe kumanqanaba okugqibela, kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi ukufezekisa unyango, nokuba ngaba unyango lwenziwa ngokweengcebiso zonyango.

1. Utyando

Utyando luhlala lunyango lokhetho lomhlaza wamathumbu kwaye ihlala ibandakanya ukususwa kwento echaphazelekayo emathunjini kunye nenxalenye encinci yamathumbu asempilweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho iiseli zomhlaza zikhona.

Xa isifo senziwe kumanqanaba okuqala, utyando lunokwenziwa kuphela ngokususa indawo encinci yamathumbu, nangona kunjalo xa isifo senziwe kwinqanaba eliphambili, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba umntu enze i-chemo okanye i-radiotherapy ukunciphisa kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze utyando. Jonga ukuba uqhaqho lomhlaza wamathumbu lwenziwa njani.

Ukuchacha emva koqhaqho lomhlaza wamathumbu kuthatha ixesha kwaye ngexesha lasemva kokusebenza umntu unokufumana iintlungu, ukudinwa, ubuthathaka, ukuqhina okanye urhudo kunye nobukho begazi esitulweni, kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka.

Emva kotyando, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe iipilisi zeentlungu okanye amachiza okuthomalalisa ukukhuthaza ukubuyisa kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu ezinokuthi zivele emva kotyando, ukongeza kwiintsholongwane zokuthintela usulelo. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nobuzaza bomhlaza, ugqirha unokucebisa i-chemo okanye unyango lwe-radiation.

2. Unyango ngemitha

I-Radiotherapy ingabonakaliswa ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-tumor, kucetyiswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ukongeza, inokubonakaliswa ukuze kulawulwe iimpawu kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kwethumba. Ke, i-radiotherapy inokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Ngaphandle: imitha ivela kumatshini, efuna ukuba isigulana siye esibhedlele siyokwenza unyango, iintsuku ezimbalwa ngeveki, ngokokubonisa.
• Ngaphakathi: imitha ivela kulungelelwaniso oluqukethe izinto ezinemitha ye-radio ebekwe ecaleni kwethumba, kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo, isiguli kufuneka sihlale esibhedlele kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa kunyango.

Iziphumo zonyango lwe-radiation zihlala zingenaburhalarhume kunaleyo ye-chemotherapy, kodwa zibandakanya ukucaphuka kolusu kwindawo enyangiweyo, isicaphucaphu, ukudinwa kunye nokucaphuka kwi-rectum nakwisinyi. Ezi ziphumo zihlala zithomalalisa ekupheleni konyango, kodwa ukucaphuka kwe-rectum kunye ne-bladder kunokuqhubeka iinyanga.

3. Unyango ngamayeza

Njenge-radiotherapy, ichemotherapy inokusetyenziswa ngaphambi kotyando ukunciphisa ubungakanani besisu okanye njengendlela yokulawula iimpawu kunye nokukhula kwesisu, nangona kunjalo olu nyango lunokwenziwa nasemva kotyando ukuze kupheliswe iiseli ze-carcinogens ezingakhange zisuswe ngokupheleleyo.

Ke, ezona ntlobo ziphambili zekhemotherapy esetyenziselwa umhlaza wamathumbu kunokuba:

• Isincedisi: senziwa emva kotyando ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ezingakhange zisuswe kuqhaqho;
• I-Neoadjuvant: isetyenziswe ngaphambi kotyando ukunciphisa ithumba kunye nokwenza lula ukususwa kwayo;
• Kumhlaza ophucukileyo: esetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani besisu kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu ezibangelwa yimastastases.

Eminye imizekelo yamayeza asetyenziswa kwi-chemotherapy yiCapecitabine, 5-FU kunye ne-Irinotecan, enokuthi ilawulwe ngenaliti okanye kwifom yecwecwe. Iziphumo eziphambili ze-chemotherapy zinokulahleka kweenwele, ukugabha, ukulahleka kwesidlo kunye nesifo sohudo esiphindaphindiweyo.

4. Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa ii-antibodies ezithile ezijojowe emzimbeni ukuchonga kunye nokuhlasela iiseli zomhlaza, ukuthintela ukukhula kwethumba kunye namathuba e-metastasis. La machiza awachaphazeli iiseli eziqhelekileyo, ke oko kunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Amachiza asetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-immunotherapy yi-Bevacizumab, Cetuximab okanye iPanitumumab.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwe-immunotherapy kunyango lomhlaza wamathumbu zinokuba kukuqunjelwa, isisu esibuhlungu, urhudo, ukopha, ubuntununtunu kukukhanya okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla.