Iimvavanyo ezi-6 ezivavanya idlala lengqula

Umxholo

• 1. Idosi yedlala lengqula
• 2. Ubungakanani bentsholongwane
• 3. I-Ultrasound ye-thyroid
• 4. I-scintigraphy ye-Thyroid
• 5. I-biopsy yegilo
• 6. Ukuzihlola kwe-thyroid
• Xa ufuna ukuba neemviwo ze-thyroid

Ukuchonga izifo ezichaphazela idlala lengqula, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuvavanya ubungakanani bamadlala, ubukho bamathumba kunye nomsebenzi we-thyroid. Ke, ugqirha unokucebisa idosi yehomoni enxibelelene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kwe-thyroid, njenge-TSH, i-T4 yasimahla kunye ne-T3, kunye nokuvavanywa kwemifanekiso yokujonga ubukho bamaqhuqhuva, njenge-ultrasound ye-thyroid, umzekelo .

Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo ezithile ngakumbi zinokucelwa, ezinje nge-scintigraphy, i-biopsy okanye uvavanyo lwe-antibody, olunokucetyiswa yi-endocrinologist xa kusenziwa uphando ngezifo ezithile, ezinje nge-thyroiditis okanye izicubu ze-thyroid, umzekelo. Jonga iimpawu ezingabonisa iingxaki ze-thyroid.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Ezona mvavanyo ziceliweyo zokuvavanya idlala lengqula zezi:

1. Idosi yedlala lengqula

Umlinganiso wehomoni ye-thyroid kuvavanyo lwegazi uvumela ugqirha ukuba avavanye ukusebenza kwe-gland, kunokwenzeka ukuba ajonge ukuba ngaba umntu uneenguqu ezicetyiswayo zehypo okanye i-hyperthyroidism, umzekelo.

Nangona amaxabiso esalathiso angahluka ngokobudala bomntu, ubukho bokukhulelwa kunye nelabhoratri, amaxabiso aqhelekileyo ngokubanzi abandakanya:

Emva kokuchonga utshintsho lomsebenzi we-thyroid, ugqirha uya kuvavanya isidingo soku-odola ezinye iimvavanyo ezinceda ukufumanisa unobangela wale nguqulelo, njenge-ultrasound okanye umlinganiso we-antibody, umzekelo.

Qonda iziphumo ezinokubakho zoviwo lwe-TSH

2. Ubungakanani bentsholongwane

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukulinganisa ii-antibodies ngokuchasene ne-thyroid, enokuthi iveliswe ngumzimba kwizifo ezizimeleyo, ezinje ngeHashimoto's thyroiditis okanye isifo seGraves, umzekelo. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• I-anti-peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO): ikhoyo kwiimeko ezininzi zeHashimoto's thyroiditis, isifo esibangela ukonakala kweseli kunye nokuphulukana nomsebenzi we-thyroid;
• Unyango lwe-anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg): ikhona kwiimeko ezininzi zeHashimoto's thyroiditis, nangona kunjalo, ikwafumaneka nakubantu ngaphandle kokutshintshwa kwe-thyroid, ngoko ke, ukufumanisa kwayo akusoloko kubonisa ukuba isifo siya kukhula;
• Unyango lwe-anti-TSH receptor antibody (anti-TRAB): inokubakho kwiimeko zehyperthyroidism, ikakhulu ebangelwa sisifo seMangcwaba. Fumanisa ukuba yintoni kunye nendlela yokunyanga isifo seMangcwaba.

Ii-autoantibodies ze-Thyroid kufuneka zicelwe kuphela ngoogqirha kwiimeko apho iihomoni ze-thyroid zitshintshiwe khona, okanye ukuba kurhanelwa isifo se-thyroid, njengendlela yokunceda ukucacisa unobangela.

3. I-Ultrasound ye-thyroid

I-Ultrasound ye-thyroid yenziwa ukuvavanya ubungakanani bendlala kunye nobukho beenguqu ezinje ngee-cysts, tumors, goiter okanye maqhuqhuva. Nangona olu vavanyo lungenakuxela ukuba ngaba umhlaza unesifo somhlaza, kuluncedo kakhulu ekufumaniseni iimpawu zawo kunye nokukhokela ukugqobhoza kwamaqhuqhuva okanye ii-cysts ukunceda ekufumaneni isifo.

I-thyroid ultrasound

4. I-scintigraphy ye-Thyroid

I-thyroid scintigraphy luvavanyo olusebenzisa inani elincinci le-iodine enemitha kunye nekhamera ekhethekileyo ukufumana umfanekiso we-thyroid, kunye nokuchonga inqanaba lomsebenzi we-nodule.

Kuboniswa ikakhulu ekuphandeni amaqhuqhuva akrokrelwa ngumhlaza okanye nanini na xa kukrokrelwa i-hyperthyroidism ibangelwa yi-hormone-secreting nodule, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-nodule eshushu okanye engasebenziyo. Fumanisa ukuba yenziwe njani i-scintigraphy ye-thyroid kunye nendlela yokulungiselela uviwo.

5. I-biopsy yegilo

I-biopsy okanye i-puncture iyenziwa ukuchonga ukuba ingaba i-thyroid nodule okanye i-cyst iyingozi okanye ayibi. Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha ufaka inaliti entle ejonge kwi-nodule kwaye asuse inani elincinci lezicubu okanye ulwelo olwenza le nodule, ukuze le sampuli ivavanywe elebhu.

I-biopsy ye-thyroid inokulimaza okanye ibangele ukungathandeki ngenxa yokuba olu vavanyo alwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia kwaye ugqirha unokuhambisa inaliti ngexesha lovavanyo ukuze akwazi ukuthatha iisampulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-nodule okanye ukufuna inani elininzi lolwelo. Uviwo luyakhawuleza kwaye luhlala malunga nemizuzu eli-10 kwaye umntu lowo kufuneka ahlale nebhandeji endaweni yeeyure ezimbalwa.

6. Ukuzihlola kwe-thyroid

Uvavanyo lwe-Thyroid lunokwenziwa ukuchonga ubukho be-cysts okanye amaqhuqhuva kwincindi, kubalulekile ukunceda ekufumaneni naluphi na utshintsho kwangoko kunye nokuthintela iingxaki zesifo kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe, ikakhulu, ngabafazi abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 okanye abanembali yosapho yeengxaki ze-thyroid.

Ukufezekisa oku, kufuneka kulandelwe la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Bamba isipili kwaye uchonge indawo apho ikhoyo idlala lengqula, engaphantsi nje kweapile lika-Adam, elaziwa njenge "gogó";
• Yijike intamo yakho umva kancinci ukuveza ummandla ngcono;
• Sela ithamo lamanzi;
• Qaphela ukuhamba kwe-thyroid kwaye uchonge ukuba kukho nayiphi na into ehamba phambili, i-asymmetry.

Ukuba kukho nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga eye yaqatshelwa, kubalulekile ukuba ufune ukhathalelo lwe-endocrinologist okanye ugqirha jikelele ukuze uphando luqhutywe ngeemvavanyo ezinokuthi okanye zingangqinisi utshintsho lwe-thyroid.

Xa ufuna ukuba neemviwo ze-thyroid

Iimviwo ze-thyroid ziboniswa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala okanye ngaphambili ukuba kukho iimpawu okanye imbali yentsapho yeenguqu ze-thyroid, abafazi abakhulelweyo okanye abanqwenela ukukhulelwa kunye nabantu abaye baqaphela utshintsho ngexesha lokuzihlola okanye ukuvavanywa kwe-thyroid.

Ukongeza, iimvavanyo zikwabonakalisiwe emva konyango lwe-radiation entanyeni okanye kumhlaza wentloko kwaye ngexesha lonyango ngamachiza afana ne-lithium, amiodarone okanye ii-cytokines, umzekelo, ezinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-thyroid.