Iindidi zokuThatheka okuQhelekileyo okuQhelekileyo okuShukumayo

Umxholo

• Zeziphi iintlobo zokubanjwa kokuqala kokugxila?
• Ukuqala kokuqonda kokubanjwa
• Ukuqala kokuqonda kokuthinteleka kolwazi
• Ukuqala kokubanjwa okwenzeka okwesibini
• Iimpawu zokubanjwa kokuqala kokugxila
• Kwi-lobe yexeshana
• Kwibala elingaphambili
• Kwi-lobe yeparietal
• Kwi-lobe ye-occipital
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokuhlaselwa kwasekuqaleni?
• Ukufumanisa njani ukuba oogqirha baqala ukuxhuzula?
• Uvavanyo lomzimba
• Uvavanyo lokuchonga
• Kuthathwa njani ukuthinjwa kokuqala?
• Amayeza
• Ugqirha
• Izixhobo
• Unyango lokutya
• Nini ukubiza ugqirha wakho

Kukuthini ukuthinjwa kokuqala?

Ukuqala kokubanjwa kukwaqala kwindawo enye yengqondo. Zihlala zihlala ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emibini. Ukuqala kokubanjwa kugxile ekubanjweni ngokubanzi, okuchaphazela zonke iindawo zobuchopho.

Oogqirha babedla ngokubiza ukuthinjwa kokuqala kokugxila. Kodwa ngo-Epreli 2017, i-International League Against Epilepsy ikhuphe ukwahlula okutsha okutshintshe igama ekubanjweni kwenxalenye ukuya ekuthinjweni kokuqala.

Zeziphi iintlobo zokubanjwa kokuqala kokugxila?

Ngokuka-Johns Hopkins Medicine, zintathu iintlobo zokubanjwa okujolise kuko. Ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokuthimba umntu ekugxilwe kuye kunceda ugqirha amisele olona nyango lulungileyo.

Ukuqala kokuqonda kokubanjwa

Olu hlaselo lwalusaziwa ngaphambili njengokubamba nje okulula okanye ukubanjwa okujolise kuko ngaphandle kokulahleka kwengqondo. Umntu onolu hlobo lokuhlutha akalahlekelwa ziingqondo ngexesha lokubanjwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yengqondo echaphazelekayo, banokuba notshintsho kwiimvakalelo, iintshukumo zomzimba, okanye umbono.

Ukuhlaselwa kweJacksonian, okanye ukumatshwa kweJacksonian, luhlobo lokuqala kokuthathelwa kokuqonda okuchaphazela icala elinye kuphela lomzimba. Ukujija kuhlala kuqala kwindawo encinci yomzimba, njengobhontsi, umnwe, okanye ikona yomlomo, kunye "nokumatsha" ukuya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Umntu uyazi ngexesha lokubanjwa kweJacksonian kwaye usenokungazi nokuba kuthathwa ntoni.

Ukuqala kokuqonda kokuthinteleka kolwazi

Olu hlaselo lwalusaziwa ngaphambili njengokubamba okuntsonkothileyo okanye ukubanjwa okujolise kukungazazi. Ngexesha lolu hlobo lokubanjwa, umntu uya kufumana ilahleko yokuqonda okanye utshintsho kwinqanaba lokuqonda. Abayi kuyazi ukuba baxhuzule, kwaye banokuyeka ukuphendula kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, isimilo somntu sinokuphazanyiswa ngokunganikeli ngqalelo okanye ukungabahoyi abanye xa eneneni bexhuzula.

Ukuqala kokubanjwa okwenzeka okwesibini

Olu hlaselo lungaqala kwinxalenye enye yengqondo emva koko lusasazeke kwamanye amalungu. Abanye oogqirha bakuthathela ingqalelo ukubanjwa kwe-aura okanye isilumkiso sokubanjwa ngokubanzi okuzayo.

Oku kuhlutha kuya kuqala kwindawo enye yengqondo, kodwa emva koko kuqale ukusasazeka. Ngenxa yoko, umntu unokuba nokuxhuzula, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, okanye ithoni yemisipha echaphazelekayo.

Iimpawu zokubanjwa kokuqala kokugxila

Iimpawu zokubanjwa kokuqala kokugxila, nokuba luhlobo luni na, zixhomekeke kwindawo yengqondo echaphazelekayo. Oogqirha bahlula ingqondo kwi-lobes okanye kwimimandla. Ngamnye unemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ephazanyiswa ngexesha lokuthimba.

Kwi-lobe yexeshana

Ukuba i-lobe yexeshana ichaphazelekayo ngexesha lokubanjwa, inokubangela:

• ukubetha ngomlomo
• ukuginya okuphindiweyo
• ukuhlafuna
• uloyiko
• ideja Vu

Kwibala elingaphambili

Ukuxhuzula kwithambeka elingaphambili kunokubangela:

• kunzima ukuthetha
• icala lentloko okanye icala lokuhamba kwamehlo
• ukolulwa kweengalo kwindawo engaqhelekanga
• ukuphinda unyikimise

Kwi-lobe yeparietal

Umntu onokuthimba kokuqala kugxilwe kwi-parietal lobe unokufumana:

• Ukuba ndindisholo, ukurhawuzelela, okanye nokuba buhlungu emzimbeni
• isiyezi
• utshintsho lombono
• ukuziva ngathi umzimba wabo awungowabo

Kwi-lobe ye-occipital

Ukuxhuzula okujolise kwi-lobe ye-occipital kunokubangela:

• utshintsho olubonakalayo ngentlungu yamehlo
• imvakalelo ngokungathi amehlo ahamba ngokukhawuleza
• ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo
• ukuntywizisa kweenkophe

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokuhlaselwa kwasekuqaleni?

Abantu abaye bafumana ukonzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu kwixesha elidlulileyo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlaselwa ngokuqala. Eminye imingcipheko yoku kubanjwa kubandakanya imbali:

• usulelo lobuchopho
• ithumba lobuchopho
• ukubetha

Ubudala bunokuba ngumngcipheko. Abantu kusenokwenzeka ukuba baxhuzule ebusaneni okanye emva kweminyaka engama-60, ngokweKliniki yaseMayo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu angabinazo izinto ezinobungozi kwaye abe nokuqhubeka nokuthimba.

Ukufumanisa njani ukuba oogqirha baqala ukuxhuzula?

Uvavanyo lomzimba

Ugqirha uya kuqala ngokubuza malunga nembali yakho yezonyango kunye nokuqhuba uvavanyo lomzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha uya kwenza uxilongo ngokusekwe kwinkcazo yeempawu zakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqala kokuthimba okungagungqiyo kunokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo nakwezinye iimeko. Imizekelo yale miqathango ibandakanya:

• Izifo zengqondo
• migraine intloko ebuhlungu
• uxinano lwemithambo
• Uhlaselo lwexeshana lwe-ischemic (TIA), esisibonakaliso sesilumkiso sokubetha

Ugqirha uya kuzama ukulawula ezinye iimeko ngelixa egqiba ukuba ngaba iimpawu zakho zinokuthetha ukuba unokubanjwa kokuqala.

Uvavanyo lokuchonga

Ugqirha unokusebenzisa uvavanyo lokuqonda ukuba umntu unokubanjwa na. Imizekelo yolu vavanyo ibandakanya:

I-Electroencephalogram (i-EEG): Olu vavanyo lukulinganisa kwaye lubeke ummandla wezinto ezingaqhelekanga zombane kwingqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba umntu onokuqala kokuxhuzula okujolise ekubeni angabinakho ukuphazamiseka rhoqo kwimisebenzi yombane, olu vavanyo alunakufumanisa olu hlobo lokuhlutha ngaphandle kokuba kamva lujolise.

Imagnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) okanye itomography ekhompyutheni (CT): Olu phononongo lokucinga lunokunceda ugqirha ukuba achonge izizathu ezinokubakho ezinxulunyaniswa nokuhlaselwa kokuqala.

Kuthathwa njani ukuthinjwa kokuqala?

Ukubanjwa okuqinisekileyo kunokuqhubeka imizuzu, iiyure, okanye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, iintsuku. Okukhona zihlala ixesha elide, kokukhona kuya kusiba nzima ukuzibamba. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka unyango olukhawulezileyo kwaye amayeza e-IV asetyenziselwa ukunqanda ukubanjwa. Oogqirha baya kugxila ekuthinteleni ukuxhuzula kungenzeki kwakhona.

Imizekelo yonyango yokubanjwa ibandakanya:

Amayeza

Amayeza okunyanga umzimba angathathwa odwa okanye ngokudibeneyo ukunciphisa ukubakho kokuthinjwa kuya kwenzeka. Imizekelo yala mayeza ibandakanya i-lamotrigine (Lamictal) kunye ne-carbamazepine (Tegretol).

Ugqirha

Ngenxa yokuba ukuxhuzula okungxamisekileyo kwenzeka kwindawo enye yobuchopho, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe utyando ukususa loo ndawo ithile ukunciphisa imeko yokuxhuzula. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ukuba abaguli bafuna amayeza amaninzi ukulawula ukubanjwa kwabo okanye ukuba amayeza anokusebenza ngokulinganiselweyo okanye iziphumo ezinganyamezelekiyo. Nangona utyando lobuchopho luhlala lubeka emngciphekweni, oogqirha bakho banako ukukuphilisa ekuthinjweni kwakho ukuba banokuchonga ngokucacileyo umthombo omnye wokubanjwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinxalenye zobuchopho azinakususwa.

Izixhobo

Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba sisikhuthazi semithambo-luvo sinokufakwa ukuze kuthunyelwe amandla ombane kwingqondo. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa izehlo zokubanjwa. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu baya kudinga ukuthatha amayeza abo okunyanga nezixhobo.

Unyango lokutya

Abanye abantu abanokuxhuzulwa ngokuyinxalenye bafumene impumelelo kukutya okukhethekileyo okubizwa ngokuba kukutya kwe ketogenic. Oku kutya kubandakanya ukutya ii-carbohydrate ezimbalwa kunye namaxabiso aphezulu amafutha. Nangona kunjalo, imeko ethintelayo yokutya inokwenza kube nzima ukuyilandela, ngakumbi abantwana abancinci.

Ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba usebenzise zonke ezi ndlela zonyango okanye indibaniselwano yazo njengeendlela zokunyanga ukuxhwaleka okujolise kuko.

Nini ukubiza ugqirha wakho

Kunokuba nzima ukuba umntu aqonde xa benesifo sokuthathwa, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zabo. Ukuba umntu ulahlekelwe lulwazi, okanye ukuba abahlobo kunye nosapho babaxelela ukuba bahlala bekhangele okanye babonakala ngathi abamameli, oku kunokuba yimiqondiso yokuba umntu kufuneka afune unyango. Kwakhona, ukuba ukuxhuzula kuhlala ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emi-5, lixesha lokuba ubize ugqirha okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Kuze kube yilapho umntu ebona ugqirha, kufuneka agcine ingxelo yeempawu zabo kunye nokuba bahlala ixesha elingakanani ekuncedeni ugqirha ukulandelela iipatheni zokubanjwa.