Iyeza lesifo sephepha (i-BCG): liyintoni kwaye liyithatha nini

Umxholo

• Ulawulwa njani
• Ukunyamekela kuya kuthathwa emva kokugonya
• Iziphumo ezinokubakho ezibi
• Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha
• Kude kube nini ukhuseleko
• Ngaba isitofu sokugonya se-BCG sinokukhusela kwi-coronavirus?

I-BCG sisigonyo esiboniswe kwisifo sephepha kwaye sihlala silawulwa kwakamsinya emva kokuzalwa kwaye siyabandakanywa kuluhlu olusisiseko lokugonya lomntwana. Eli chiza aluthinteli ukosuleleka okanye ukukhula kwesi sifo, kodwa liyasithintela ekuphuhliseni nasekunqandeni, kwiimeko ezininzi, ezona ndlela zinzulu zesi sifo, ezinjengesifo sephepha sephepha kunye nesifo sokudumba kwenwebu yengqondo. Funda ngakumbi ngesifo sephepha.

Isitofu sokugonya se-BCG senziwe ngeentsholongwane Imycobacterium bovis(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), enomthamo wentsholongwane ongafunekiyo kwaye, ke ngoko, inceda ukukhuthaza umzimba, ikhokelela ekuvelisweni kwee-antibodies kwesi sifo, eziya kuthi zisebenze ukuba ibhaktiriya ingene emzimbeni.

Iyeza lokuthintela lafumaneka simahla nguMphathiswa Wezempilo, kwaye liqhele ukwenziwa kwisibhedlele sababelethi okanye kwiziko lempilo emva nje kokuzalwa.

Ulawulwa njani

Isitofu sokugonya se-BCG kufuneka silawulwe ngokuthe ngqo kumaleko aphezulu olusu, ngugqirha, ngumongikazi okanye ngugqirha oqeqeshiweyo. Ngokubanzi, kubantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 idosi ekhuthazwayo yi-0.05 mL, kwaye ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezili-12 yi-0.1 mL.

Eli chiza lisoloko lisetyenziswa kwingalo yasekunene yomntwana, kwaye impendulo kwisitofu sokugonya ithatha iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 ukuvela kwaye iyaqatshelwa xa indawo encinci ephakanyisiweyo ebomvu ibonakala kulusu, ethi ikhule ibe sisilonda esincinci kwaye, ekugqibeleni, isikhumba . Ukwenziwa kwebala kubonisa ukuba iyeza lokugonya likwazile ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko lomntwana.

Ukunyamekela kuya kuthathwa emva kokugonya

Emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonya, umntwana unokwenzakala kwindawo yenaliti. Ukuze unyango lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, umntu kufuneka aphephe ukumboza isilonda, ukugcina indawo icocekile, ukungasebenzisi naluphi na uhlobo lwamayeza, okanye ukunxiba indawo.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho ezibi

Ngokwesiqhelo isitofu sokugonya isifo sephepha asikhokeleli kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ukongeza kwimeko yokudumba, ukuba bomvu kunye nokuthantamisa kwindawo yenaliti, ethi ngokuthe ngcembe itshintshe iblister encinci ize emva koko ibe sisilonda kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4.

Nangona kunqabile, kwezinye iimeko, ukudumba kwe-lymph node, iintlungu zemisipha kunye nokuqaqanjelwa kwindawo yenaliti. Xa ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zivela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha wabantwana ukuze kuvavanywe umntwana.

Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha

Isitofu sokugonya siyaphikiswa kubantwana abazelwe ngaphambi kwexesha okanye abo banobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-2 kg, kwaye kufuneka ulinde umntwana ukuba afike kwi-2 kg ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe iyeza. Ukongeza, abantu abanokungabikho komzimba nakweliphi na ifomula, abanesifo sokuzalwa okanye isifo sokuzikhusela emzimbeni, njengosulelo ngokubanzi okanye uGawulayo, umzekelo, akufuneki ukuba bafumane iyeza lokugonya.

Kude kube nini ukhuseleko

Ixesha lokhuselo liyahluka. Kuyaziwa ukuba iyancipha kule minyaka idlulileyo, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuvelisa ngokwaneleyo kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide kweeseli zememori. Ke, kuyaziwa ukuba ukhuseleko luphezulu kwiminyaka emi-3 yokuqala yobomi, kodwa akukho bungqina bokuba ukhuseleko lungaphezulu kweminyaka eli-15.

Ngaba isitofu sokugonya se-BCG sinokukhusela kwi-coronavirus?

Ngokwe-WHO, abukho ubungqina benzululwazi obubonisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya se-BCG siyakwazi ukukhusela ngokuchasene ne-coronavirus entsha, ebangela usulelo lwe-COVID-19. Nangona kunjalo, uphando luyenziwa ukuqonda ukuba ingaba esi sitofu sokugonya sinokuba nayo nayiphi na ifuthe ngokuchasene ne-coronavirus entsha.

Ngenxa yokunqongophala kobungqina, i-WHO icebisa isitofu sokugonya se-BCG kuphela kumazwe apho kukho umngcipheko owandayo wokufumana isifo sephepha.