Ukujonga umbono

Umxholo

• Yintoni ukujonga umbono?
• Isetyenziselwa ntoni?
• Kutheni le nto ndifuna ukujongwa ngombono?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokujonga umbono?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela ukujongwa kombono?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi ekuhlolweni?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?
• Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokujonga umbono?
• Izalathiso

Yintoni ukujonga umbono?

Ukuhlolwa kombono, okwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwamehlo, luvavanyo olufutshane olujonga iingxaki ezinokubakho kunye nokuphazamiseka kwamehlo. Ukuhlolwa kombono kuhlala kwenziwa ngababoneleli beenkonzo zokuqala njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa komntwana rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlolwa kunikwa abantwana ngabongikazi besikolo.

Ukujonga umbono akusetyenziswanga ukuxilonga iingxaki zombono. Ukuba ingxaki ifunyenwe ekuhlolweni kombono, wakho okanye umboneleli womntwana wakho uya kukuthumela kwingcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango. Le ngcali iya kwenza uvavanyo olunzulu ngakumbi lwamehlo. Iingxaki ezininzi zombono kunye nokuphazamiseka kunokunyangwa ngempumelelo ngeelensi zokulungisa, utyando oluncinci, okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango.

Amanye amagama: uvavanyo lwamehlo, uvavanyo lombono

Isetyenziselwa ntoni?

Ukujonga umbono kuhlala kusetyenziselwa ukujonga iingxaki ezinokubakho ebantwaneni. Ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo okuqhelekileyo kubantwana kubandakanya:

• I-Amblyopia, ikwaziwa ngokuba liliso elonqenayo. Abantwana abane-amblyopia banombono ocoliweyo okanye anciphise iliso linye.
• Strabismus, ikwabizwa ngokuba ngamehlo awelekileyo. Kule ngxaki, amehlo awahambi kakuhle kwaye akhombe kumacala ahlukeneyo.

Zombini ezi ngxaki zinokunyangwa ngokulula xa zifunyenwe kwangethuba.

Ukuhlolwa kombono kukwasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukufumana ezi ngxaki zombono, ezichaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala:

• Ukubona ngaphambili (myopia), imeko eyenza kude izinto zikhangeleke zimfiliba
• Ukubona kude (hyperopia), imeko eyenza ukuba izinto ezisondeleyo zibonakale zingacacanga
• I-Astigmatism, imeko eyenza ukuba izinto ezisondeleyo kunye nezinto ezikude zibonakale zifiphele

Kutheni le nto ndifuna ukujongwa ngombono?

Umbono oqhelekileyo Ukuhlola ayikhuthazwa kuninzi lwabantu abadala abasempilweni. Kodwa uninzi lwabantu abadala luyakhuthazwa ukuba lubonwe iimviwo ukusuka kwingcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo rhoqo. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokuba uza kuvavanywa nini, thetha nomboneleli wakho wokuqala.

Abantwana kufuneka bahlolwe rhoqo. IAmerican Academy yeOphthalmology kunye neAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) bacebisa le shedyuli ilandelayo yokujonga umbono:

• Iintsana. Zonke iintsana kufuneka zihlolwe usulelo lwamehlo okanye ezinye iingxaki.
• Iinyanga ezi-6. Amehlo kunye nombono kufuneka zihlolwe ngexesha lotyelelo oluqhelekileyo losana.
• Iminyaka emi-1 ukuya kwengama-4. Amehlo kunye nombono kufuneka kuhlolwe kutyelelo lwesiqhelo.
• Iminyaka emi-5 nangaphezulu. Amehlo kunye nombono kufuneka kuhlolwe minyaka le.

Kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlolwe umntwana wakho ukuba uneempawu zokuphazamiseka kwamehlo. Kwiintsana ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu kwiinyanga, iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukungakwazi ukuqhagamshela ngamehlo
• Amehlo angabonakali ahambelana ngokufanelekileyo

Kubantwana abadala, iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Amehlo angajongi kakuhle emgceni
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukuvala okanye ukuvala iliso elinye
• Unengxaki yokufunda kunye / okanye nokwenza umsebenzi osondeleyo
• Izikhalazo zokuba izinto ziphazamisekile
• Ukuqhwanyaza ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo
• Amehlo amanzi
• Iinkophe zedroopy
• Ububomvu kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo
• Ubuntununtunu ekukhanyeni

Ukuba umdala uneengxaki zombono okanye ezinye iimpawu zamehlo, uya kuthi uthunyelwe kwingcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo kuvavanyo lwamehlo olubanzi.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokujonga umbono?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lokujonga ezibonakalayo. Ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lombono womgama. Abantwana abakubudala bokuhamba isikolo kunye nabantu abadala bahlala bevavanywa ngetshathi yodonga. Itshathi inemiqolo eliqela yoonobumba. Oonobumba abakumqolo ophezulu zezona zinkulu. Oonobumba abasezantsi bancinci. Wena okanye umntwana wakho niya kuma okanye nihlale iinyawo ezingama-20 kwitshathi. Uya kucelwa ukuba agubungele iliso elinye kwaye afunde oonobumba, umqolo omnye ngexesha. Iliso ngalinye livavanywa ngokwahlukeneyo.
• Uvavanyo lwembono yomgama wabantwana abasaqalayo esikolweni. Kubantwana abancinci kakhulu ukuba bangafunda, olu vavanyo lusebenzisa itshathi yodonga efanayo naleyo yabantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala. Kodwa endaweni yemigca yoonobumba abohlukeneyo, inonobumba u-E kuphela kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo. Umntwana wakho uya kucelwa ukuba akhombe kwicala elifanayo no-E. Ezinye zeetshathi zisebenzisa unobumba C, okanye usebenzise imifanekiso, endaweni yoko.
• Uvavanyo lombono wokuvala. Kolu vavanyo, wena okanye umntwana wakho niyakunikwa ikhadi elincinci elinombhalo obhaliweyo. Imigca yokubhaliweyo iye inciphe njengoko usiya phaya ezantsi ekhadini. Wena okanye umntwana wakho uya kucelwa ukuba ubambe ikhadi malunga nee-intshi ezili-14 kude nobuso, kwaye ufunde ngokuvakalayo. Omabini amehlo avavanywa ngaxeshanye. Olu vavanyo luhlala lunikwa abantu abadala ngaphezulu kwe-40, njengoko umbono osondeleyo uhlala usiba mbi njengoko usiba mdala.
• Umbala wobumfama vavanyo. Abantwana banikwa ikhadi elinamanani anemibala okanye iisimboli ezifihliweyo kwimvelaphi yamachaphaza amibala-bala. Ukuba bayakwazi ukufunda amanani okanye iisimboli, oko kuthetha ukuba ngekhe babenombala ongaboniyo.

Ukuba usana lwakho luza kuvavanywa umbono, umboneleli wakho uya kujonga:

• Ukukwazi komntwana wakho ukulandela into, enje ngento yokudlala, ngamehlo akhe
• Baphendula njani abafundi bakhe (indawo emnyama yelihlo) ekuphenduleni
• Ukubona ukuba umntwana wakho uyaqhwanyaza xa kukhanya kukhanya kwiso

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela ukujongwa kombono?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unxiba iiglasi okanye iilensi zoqhakamshelwano, yiza nazo kuhlolo. Umboneleli wakho unokufuna ukukhangela amayeza.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi ekuhlolweni?

Akukho bungozi bokuhlolwa kombono.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Ukuba ukujonga umbono wakho kubonisa ingxaki yokubona okanye ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo, uya kuthunyelwa kwingcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo kuvavanyo lwamehlo kunye nonyango. Iingxaki ezininzi zombono kunye nokuphazamiseka kwamehlo kuyanyangeka ngokulula, ngakumbi ukuba kufunyenwe kwangethuba.

Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga nokujonga umbono?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengcali zokhathalelo lwamehlo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya:

• Ophthalmologist: Ugqirha ogqwesileyo kwimpilo yamehlo nasekunyangeni nasekuthinteleni isifo samehlo. Ophthalmologists zibonelela ngovavanyo olupheleleyo lwamehlo, ukumisela iilensi zokulungisa, ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo zamehlo, kunye nokwenza utyando lwamehlo.
• Ugqirha wamehlo: Ingcali yezempilo eqeqeshiweyo egxile kwiingxaki zombono kunye nokuphazamiseka kwamehlo. OoGqirha bamehlo banikezela ngeenkonzo ezifanayo njengee-ophthalmologists, kubandakanya ukwenza iimviwo zamehlo, ukumisela iilensi zokulungisa, kunye nokunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo. Ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo okanye utyando, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wamehlo.
• Ugqirha wamehlo: Ingcali eqeqeshiweyo egcwalisa imigqaliselo yeelensi zokulungisa. Oogqirha balungisa, badibanisa, baze balingane iiglasi zamehlo. Oogqirha abaninzi bakwanikezela ngeelensi zonxibelelwano.

Izalathiso

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Ulwazi olukule ndawo akufuneki lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye iingcebiso. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.