Hypokalemia

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Ziintoni iimpawu zehypokalemia?
• Yintoni ebangela ihypokalemia?
• Yeyiphi imiba yomngcipheko wehypokalemia?
• Ichongwa njani i-hypokalemia?
• Inyangwa njani i-hypokalemia?
• Yintoni umbono wehypokalemia?
• Ithintelwa njani ihipokalemia?
• Ukutya okune-potassium eninzi
• A:

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Ushwankathelo

I-Hypokalemia kuxa amanqanaba egazi e-potassium asezantsi kakhulu. I-Potassium yi-electrolyte ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kweeseli kunye neeseli zemisipha, ngakumbi iiseli zemisipha entliziyweni. Izintso zakho zilawula amanqanaba akho e-potassium omzimba, avumela i-potassium engaphezulu ukuba iwushiye umzimba ngomchamo okanye ukubila.

Hypokalemia ikwabizwa ngokuba:

• isifo sehypokalemic
• i-potassium syndrome ephantsi
• Isifo sehypopotassemia

I-hypokalemia emnene ayibangeli zimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha, amanqanaba asezantsi e-potassium anokukhokelela kwi-arrhythmia, okanye izingqisho zentliziyo engaqhelekanga, kunye nobuthathaka obunzima bemisipha. Kodwa ezi mpawu zihlehla emva konyango. Funda ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ne-hypokalemia kunye nendlela yokuphatha le meko.

Ziintoni iimpawu zehypokalemia?

I-hypokalemia emnene ayisoloko ibonisa iimpawu okanye iimpawu. Ngapha koko, iimpawu ngokubanzi azibonakali de amanqanaba akho e-potassium asezantsi kakhulu. Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-potassium zii-3.6-5.2 millimoles kwilitha nganye (mmol / L).

Ukwazi iimpawu zehypokalemia kunokunceda. Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba unale mpawu:

• ubuthathaka
• ukudinwa
• ukuqhina
• ukuxhamla izihlunu
• ukubetha

Amanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-3.6 athathelwa ingqalelo asezantsi, kwaye nantoni na engaphantsi kwe-2.5 mmol / L isongela ubomi ngokusezantsi, ngokweKliniki yaseMayo. Kula manqanaba, kunokubakho iimpawu kunye neempawu zoku:

• ukukhubazeka
• ukusilela ekuphefumuleni
• ukonakala kwezihlunu zemisipha
• ileus (amathumbu amavila)

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, isingqi esingaqhelekanga sinokwenzeka. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abathatha amayeza e-digitalis (digoxin) okanye abaneemeko zesingqisho esingaqhelekanga njenge:

• i-fibrillation, i-atrial okanye i-ventricular
• i-tachycardia (ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu)
• i-bradycardia (ukubetha kwentliziyo kuyacotha)
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngaphambi kwexesha

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya ukuphelelwa ngumdla, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokugabha.

Yintoni ebangela ihypokalemia?

Ungaphulukana ne potassium eninzi ngomchamo, ukubila, okanye ukuhamba kwamathumbu. Ukunganeli kwe-potassium kunye namanqanaba asezantsi e-magnesium kunokubangela i-hypokalemia. Uninzi lwexesha le-hypokalemia luphawu okanye isiphumo secala lezinye iimeko kunye namayeza.

Oku kubandakanya:

• Isifo seBartter, isifo esingaqhelekanga sezintso esibangela ukungalingani kwetyuwa kunye ne potassium
• Isifo seGitelman, isifo esingaqhelekanga sezintso esibangela ukungalingani kweeon emzimbeni
• I-Liddle syndrome, isifo esinqabileyo esibangela ukonyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-hypokalemia
• I-Cushing syndrome, imeko enqabileyo ngenxa yokuvezwa kwexesha elide kwi-cortisol
• ukutya izinto ezinjenge-bentonite (udongwe) okanye i-glycyrrhizin (kwilayisensi yendalo kunye nokuhlafuna icuba)
• I-potassium-spting diuretics, ezinje ngeTiazides, loop, kunye ne-osmotic diuretics
• ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwe-laxatives
• amanani aphakamileyo epenicillin
• ketoacidosis seswekile
• ukuxutywa ngenxa yolawulo lwe-IV fluid
• Ukunqongophala kwemagnesium
• Imiba ye-adrenal gland
• ukungondleki
• ukufunxeka kakubi
• hyperthyroidism
• Iindidi ze-Delerium
• iintlobo zeentso ze-asidi ze-tubular I kunye no-2
• ukunyuka kwe-catecholamine, njengokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo
• iziyobisi ezinje nge-insulin kunye ne-beta 2 agonists ezisetyenziselwa i-COPD kunye nesifuba
• ityhefu yebarium
• usapho lwehokokalemia

Yeyiphi imiba yomngcipheko wehypokalemia?

Umngcipheko wehypokalemia unokunyuka xa:

• thatha amayeza, ngakumbi i-diuretics eyaziwa ngokuba yenze ilahleko ye-potassium
• unesifo esingapheliyo esenza ukuba ugabhe okanye urhudo
• unemeko yonyango efana nale idweliswe apha ngasentla

Abantu abaneemeko zentliziyo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana iingxaki. Nokuba i-hypokalemia emnene inokukhokelela kwisingqi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga. Kubalulekile ukugcina inqanaba le-potassium ejikeleze i-4 mmol / L ukuba uneemeko zonyango ezinje ngokuxinana kwentliziyo, i-arrhythmias, okanye imbali yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Ichongwa njani i-hypokalemia?

Ugqirha wakho uhlala efumanisa ukuba usemngciphekweni okanye une-hypokalemia ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo. Olu vavanyo lutshekisha amanqanaba ezimbiwa kunye neevithamini egazini, kubandakanya amanqanaba e-potassium.

Inyangwa njani i-hypokalemia?

Umntu one-hypokalemia kwaye abonise iimpawu uyakufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Kananjalo baya kufuna ukubeka esweni iintliziyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isingqi senhliziyo yabo siqhelekile.

Ukunyanga amanqanaba asezantsi e-potassium esibhedlele kufuna amanyathelo ngeendlela:

1. Susa izizathu: Emva kokuchonga oyena nobangela, ugqirha wakho uya kukuyalela unyango olufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza ukunciphisa urhudo okanye ukugabha okanye ukutshintsha amayeza akho.

2. Buyisela amanqanaba e-potassium: Ungathatha izongezo ze-potassium ukubuyisela amanqanaba asezantsi e-potassium. Kodwa ukulungisa amanqanaba e-potassium ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje ngesingqi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga. Kwiimeko ezinobungozi obuphantsi be-potassium, unokufuna i-IV drip yokulawula i-potassium.

3. Ukubeka iliso kumanqanaba okuhlala esibhedlele: Esibhedlele, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uya kujonga amanqanaba akho ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba e-potassium akabuyeli emva kwaye abangele i-hyperkalemia endaweni yoko. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium anokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.

Emva kokuba uphumile esibhedlele, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukutya okune-potassium. Ukuba ufuna ukuthatha izongezo zepotassium, zithathe ngamanzi amaninzi kwaye kunye, okanye emva kokutya kwakho. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe izongezo zemagniziyam njengoko ilahleko yemagniziyam inokwenzeka ngokulahleka kwepotassium.

Yintoni umbono wehypokalemia?

I-Hypokalemia iyanyangeka. Unyango kuhlala kubandakanya ukunyanga imeko esisiseko. Uninzi lwabantu lufunda ukulawula amanqanaba e-potassium ngokutya okanye izongezo.

Yenza idinga nogqirha ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zehypokalemia. Unyango lwakwangoko kunye noxilongo kunokunceda ukuthintela imeko ekubeni ikhubazeke, ukusilela ekuphefumuleni, okanye iingxaki zentliziyo.

Ithintelwa njani ihipokalemia?

Phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 zabantu kwizibhedlele baya kufumana i-hypokalemia, ngelixa iipesenti ezi-1 zabantu abadala abangekho esibhedlele bane-hypokalemia. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi uhlala ekubek 'esweni ngexesha lokuhlala kwakho ukuthintela i-hypokalemia ukuba ingenzeki.

Funa uncedo lonyango ukuba ufumana ukugabha okanye urhudo ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24-48. Ukuthintela ukungabikho kokugula okungapheliyo kunye nelahleko yamanzi kubalulekile ukugcina i-hypokalemia ingenzeki.

Ukutya okune-potassium eninzi

Ukutya ukutya okunotye kwi-potassium kunokunceda ukuthintela nokunyanga i-potassium yegazi ephantsi. Xoxa ngesidlo sakho nogqirha wakho. Uya kufuna ukunqanda ukuthatha i-potassium eninzi, ngakumbi ukuba uthatha izongezo zepotassium. Imithombo elungileyo ye potassium ibandakanya:

• iavokhado
• iibhanana
• amakhiwane
• ikiwi
• iiorenji
• ispinatshi
• iitumato
• ubisi
• ertyisi neembotyi
• ipeanut butter
• bran

Ngelixa ukutya okuphantsi kwi-potassium kunqabile ukuba kungunobangela we-hypokalemia, i-potassium ibalulekile kwimisebenzi yomzimba esempilweni. Ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho akuxelele ngenye indlela, ukutya ukutya okune-potassium kukutya okunempilo.

A:

Izongezo ze-potassium ezinyanzelekileyo zinedosi ephezulu kakhulu kunee-counter-the-counter supplements. Kungenxa yoko le nto bekhawulelwe kunikezelo ngomyalelo kuphela. Kufuneka zithathwe kuphela njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha wakho. Ulawulo olungafanelekanga lunokubangela ngokulula i-hyperkalemia, eyingozi njenge-hypokalemia. Kufuneka usebenzise isilumkiso kwaye ubonane nogqirha wakho malunga nokuthatha i-OTC potassium ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso okanye ukwi-ACE inhibitor, i-angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), okanye i-spironolactone. I-Hyperkalemia inokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwezi meko ukuba uthatha naluphi na uhlobo lwesongezo se potassium.