Yintoni iNephrology kwaye yintoni eyenziwa yiNephrologist?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Umsebenzi we-nephrologist
• Imfundo noqeqesho lwe-nephrologist
• Iimeko zonyango lwe-nephrologist
• Uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo i-nephrologist inokwenza okanye i-odole
• Iimvavanyo zaselebhu
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lomchamo
• Iinkqubo
• Umahluko phakathi kwe-nephrology kunye nomchamo
• Nini ukubona i-nephrologist
• Uyifumana njani i-nephrologist
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

I-Nephrology yinto ekhethekileyo yamayeza angaphakathi agxile kunyango lwezifo ezichaphazela izintso.

Unezintso ezimbini. Zibekwe ngezantsi kwembambo yakho macala omqolo wakho. Izintso zinemisebenzi ebalulekileyo, kubandakanya:

• ukususa inkunkuma kunye nolwelo olugqithisileyo egazini
• ukugcina ibhalansi yomzimba wakho
• ukukhulula iihormoni ngemisebenzi efana nokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi

Umsebenzi we-nephrologist

I-nephrologist luhlobo logqirha eligxile ekunyangeni izifo zezintso. Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-nephrologists enobuchwephesha kwizifo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izintso, kodwa zikwanolwazi kakhulu malunga nokuba isifo sezintso okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunokuchaphazela njani na amanye amalungu omzimba wakho.

Nangona ugqirha wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili eza kusebenza ukunceda nokunyanga amanqanaba okuqala esifo sezintso, i-nephrologist inokubizwa ukuba incede ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni iimeko ezinzima okanye ezinzima zezintso.

Imfundo noqeqesho lwe-nephrologist

Ukuqala kwindlela eya kwi-nephrologist, kufuneka uqale ugcwalise isikolo sezonyango. Isikolo sezonyango sihlala iminyaka emine kwaye sidinga isidanga sokuqala.

Emva kokufumana isidanga sakho sezonyango, kuyakufuneka ugcwalise iminyaka emithathu yokuhlala ojolise kunyango lwangaphakathi. Indawo yokuhlala ivumela oogqirha abatsha ukuba baqhubeke nokufumana uqeqesho kunye nemfundo kwimeko yezonyango naphantsi kolawulo lweeklinikhi eziphezulu.

Nje ukuba uqinisekiswe kunyango lwangaphakathi, kuya kufuneka ugcwalise ubudlelwane beminyaka emibini kwi-nephrology ekhethekileyo. Olu manyano luqhubela phambili luphanda ulwazi kunye nezakhono zeklinikhi ezifunekayo kubungcali. Emva kokuba ugqibile ubudlelwane bakho, unokuthatha uviwo ukuze uqinisekiswe kwibhodi kwi-nephrology.

Iimeko zonyango lwe-nephrologist

Iingcali zeNephrologists zingasebenza nawe ukunceda ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni le miqathango ilandelayo:

• igazi okanye iprotheni kumchamo
• isifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso
• amatye ezintso, nangona ugqirha womchamo unokukunyanga oku
• usulelo lwezintso
• ukudumba kwezintso ngenxa ye-glomerulonephritis okanye i-nestritis yangaphakathi
• umhlaza wezintso
• Isifo sezintso se-polycystic
• isifo hemremtic
• i-renal artery stenosis
• nephrotic yesifo
• Isifo sezintso zokugqibela
• ukusilela kwezintso, zombini ezigwenxa nezingapheliyo

I-nephrologist inokuthi ibandakanyeke xa ezinye izinto zibangela isifo sezintso okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle, kubandakanya:

• igazi elonyukayo
• isifo seswekile
• isifo sentliziyo
• iimeko ezizimeleyo, ezifana ne-lupus
• amayeza

Uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo i-nephrologist inokwenza okanye i-odole

Ukuba undwendwela i-nephrologist, banokubandakanyeka ekwenzeni uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo okanye ukutolika iziphumo.

Iimvavanyo zaselebhu

Uluhlu olubanzi lovavanyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwezintso zakho. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa egazini okanye kwisampuli yomchamo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

• Iqondo lokuhluza leGlomerular (GFR). Olu vavanyo lukulinganisa ukuba izintso zakho zilicoca njani igazi lakho. I-GFR iqala ukwehla ngaphantsi kwamanqanaba aqhelekileyo kwisifo sezintso.
• I-serum creatinine. I-Creatinine yimveliso yenkunkuma kwaye ikhona kumanqanaba aphezulu egazini labantu abanezintso ezingasebenziyo.
• Igazi urea nitrogen (BUN). Njengakwi-creatinine, ukufumana amanqanaba aphezulu ale mveliso inkunkuma egazini luphawu lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.

Uvavanyo lomchamo

• Uhlalutyo lomchamo. Isampulu yomchamo inokuvavanywa nge-dipstick ye-pH kunye nobukho begazi, iswekile, iproteni, okanye ibhaktiriya.
• Umlinganiso wealbumin / creatinine (ACR). Olu vavanyo lomchamo lilinganisa inani leprotein ye-albhamu kumchamo wakho. Ialbumin kumchamo luphawu lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• Ukuqokelela umchamo iiyure ezingama-24. Le ndlela isebenzisa isikhongozeli esikhethekileyo ukuqokelela wonke umchamo owenzileyo ngexesha leeyure ezingama-24. Olunye uvavanyo lunokwenziwa kule sampulu.
• Ukucoca creatinine. Lo ngumlinganiso we-creatinine kuzo zombini iisampulu zegazi kunye nesampulu yomchamo weeyure ezingama-24 osetyenziselwa ukubala inani le-creatinine ephume egazini yafudukela kumchamo.

Iinkqubo

Ukongeza ekuphononongeni nasekuchazeni iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwelabhoratri, i-nephrologist nayo inokwenza okanye isebenze nezinye iingcali kwezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

• iimvavanyo zokucinga zezintso, ezinje nge-ultrasound, i-CT scans, okanye i-X-ray
• i-dialysis, kubandakanya ukubekwa kwe-dialysis catheter
• biopsies zezintso
• ukufakelwa kwezintso

Umahluko phakathi kwe-nephrology kunye nomchamo

Amacandelo e-nephrology kunye ne-urology abelana ngamanye ngenxa yokuba zinokubandakanya zombini izintso. Ngelixa i-nephrologist igxile kwizifo kunye neemeko ezichaphazela izintso ngokuthe ngqo, ugqirha we-urologist ujolise kwizifo kunye neemeko ezinokuchaphazela indlela yomchamo wamadoda nowasetyhini.

I-urinary tract ibandakanya izintso, kodwa kunye namanye amalungu afana ne-ureters, bladder, kunye ne-urethra. Ugqirha womchamo ukwasebenza namalungu okuzala oyindoda, njengepenisi, iimvavanyo kunye neprostate.

Imiqathango enokunyangwa yi-urologist ingaquka:

• amatye ezintso
• usulelo lwesinyi
• Imiba yokulawula isinyi
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile
• iprostate eyandisiweyo

Nini ukubona i-nephrologist

Ugqirha wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili unokunceda ukuthintela nokunyanga amabakala okuqala esi sifo sezintso. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha la manqanaba okuqala angabinayo nayiphi na impawu okanye anokuba neempawu ezingacacanga ezifana nokudinwa, iingxaki zokulala, kunye notshintsho kwinani olichazayo.

Ukuvavanywa rhoqo kunokubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kwezintso, ngakumbi ukuba usengozini yesifo sezintso. La maqela abandakanya abantu abane:

• igazi elonyukayo
• isifo seswekile
• isifo sentliziyo
• Imbali yosapho yeengxaki zezintso

Uvavanyo lunokubona iimpawu zokuncipha kwezintso, njengokuhla kwexabiso le-GFR okanye ukonyuka kwinqanaba le-albin kumchamo wakho. Ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo zibonisa ukonakala ngokukhawuleza okanye okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwezintso, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwi-nephrologist.

Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwi-nephrologist ukuba unayo enye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• isifo sesifo esingapheliyo
• izixa ezikhulu zegazi okanye iproteni kumchamo wakho
• amatye eentso aphindaphindiweyo, nangona unokuthunyelwa kugqirha womchamo koku
• uxinzelelo lwegazi olusephezulu nangona uthatha amayeza
• unobangela onqabileyo okanye owifa njengelifa wesifo sezintso

Uyifumana njani i-nephrologist

Ukuba ufuna ukubona i-nephrologist, ugqirha wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili uya kuba nakho ukukuthumela kwenye. Ngamanye amaxesha, inkampani yakho yeinshurensi inokufuna ukuba ugqithiselwe kugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba undwendwele ingcali.

Ukuba ukhetha ukungafumani ukuthunyelwa kugqirha wakho oyintloko, jonga kwinkampani yeinshurensi yakho uluhlu lweengcali ezikufutshane ezigqunywe kwinethiwekhi yakho yeinshurensi.

Ukuthatha

I-nephrologist luhlobo logqirha olugxile kwizifo nakwimeko ezichaphazela izintso. Basebenza ekunyangeni iimeko ezinje ngesifo sezintso ezinganyangekiyo, usulelo lwezintso, kunye nokusilela kwezintso.

Ugqirha wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili uya kuthi akubhekise kwi-nephrologist ukuba unemeko entsonkothileyo okanye yezintso eqhubele phambili efuna ukhathalelo lweengcali.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukuba uneengxaki ezithile malunga neengxaki zezintso, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba uxoxa ngazo nogqirha wakho kwaye ucele ukuthunyelwa, ukuba kukho imfuneko.