Into ekufuneka uyazi ngeemveliso zeenwele kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza webele

Umxholo

• Kuthetha Ntoni Oku
• Ngaba Ufanele Ukhathazeke Kangakanani Ngokwenene?
• Uphengululo lwe

Ukusela ukusela utywala rhoqo ukuya ekusebenziseni i-e-cigarettes, kukho zonke iintlobo zemikhwa enokuthi inyuse umngcipheko womhlaza. Inye into onokucinga ukuba ayinabungozi? Iimveliso zeenwele ozisebenzisayo. Kodwa izifundo zibonisa ukuba iintlobo ezithile zonyango lweenwele zinokunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza wamabele. (Nazi iimpawu ezili-11 zomhlaza wamabele wonke umntu obhinqileyo kufuneka azi ngazo.)

Uphononongo olutsha olupapashwe kwi Ijenali yeHlabathi yoMhlaza kwaye ixhaswa ngemali yiNational Institutes of Health icebisa ukuba abafazi abasebenzisa iidayi zeenwele ezisisigxina kunye neekhemikhali zokuqondisa iinwele zingaba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza webele, xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abangazisebenzisi ezi mveliso.

Ukwenza izigqibo zabo, abaphandi baphonononge idatha kuphononongo oluqhubekayo olubizwa ngokuba luDade oFundayo, olubandakanya phantse ama-47,000 abasetyhini abangenasifo somhlaza wamabele oodade babo abaye bafunyaniswa benesi sifo. Abafazi, ababephakathi kweminyaka engama-35-74 ubudala kubhaliso, baqale baphendula imibuzo malunga nempilo yabo ngokubanzi kunye neendlela zokuphila (kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweenwele). Emva koko banike abaphandi uhlaziyo ngemeko yabo yezempilo kunye nendlela abaphila ngayo kwisithuba esiphakathi sokulandelela seminyaka esibhozo. Ngokubanzi, ukufunyaniswa kubonise ukuba abasetyhini abathi basebenzisa idayi yeenwele ezisisigxina babesepesenti ye-9 amathuba okuba nomhlaza webele kunabasetyhini abangakhange baxele ukusebenzisa ezi mveliso. Abasetyhini base-Afrika-baseMelika, ngokukodwa, babonakala bechaphazeleka ngakumbi: Uphononongo lwaphawula ukuba eli qela labasetyhini linokwanda kwepesenti ze-45 kwingozi yomhlaza webele xa kuthelekiswa ne-7 yepesenti yokwandisa ingozi phakathi kwabasetyhini abamhlophe. Nangona kungacaci gca ukuba kutheni kukho umngcipheko omkhulu owandayo phakathi kwabasetyhini abamnyama, abaphandi babhale ukuba kungenxa yokuba iintlobo zeemveliso zeenwele- ngakumbi ezo zinokuqulatha ubuninzi beekhemikhali ezithile ze-carcinogenic- ziyathengiswa kubafazi abanemibala.

Abaphandi bafumanise unxibelelwano phakathi kokulungisa iinwele zamachiza (cinga: unyango lwekeratin) kunye nomhlaza webele. Kule meko, umngcipheko awukahlukanga ngokobuhlanga. Ngokusekwe kwidatha, ukusebenzisa i-straightener yeekhemikhali kwakudityaniswa ne-18 yeepesenti yokunyuka komngcipheko webele lomhlaza webele, kwaye umngcipheko unyuke waya kwiipesenti ezingama-30 kwabo baxele ukusebenzisa i-straightener yemichiza rhoqo kwiiveki ezintlanu ukuya kwezisibhozo. Nangona umngcipheko ungakhange ubonakale ngathi uchaphazelekile bubuhlanga, abafazi abamnyama kolu phando babenokunika ingxelo besebenzisa ezi nkqo (iipesenti ezingama-74 xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezi-3 zabasetyhini abamhlophe).

Kakade ke, uphando lwalunemida yalo. Ababhali bophononongo baqaphele ukuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba banembali yosapho yomhlaza wamabele, okuthetha ukuba iziphumo zabo azinakusebenza kwabo bangenayo imbali yosapho. Ngaphezu koko, kuba abafazi bazichaza ngokwabo ukusebenzisa kwabo idayi yeenwele ezisisigxina kunye nezilungelelanisi zemichiza, ukukhumbula kwabo loo mikhwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba bekungachanekanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye bekunokugqwetha iziphumo, abaphandi babhala. Ngayo yonke loo nto engqondweni, ababhali bophando baqukumbele ngelithi kufuneka kwenziwe uphando oluninzi ukuze kuchongwe umanyano lwekhonkrithi ngakumbi phakathi kwezi mveliso zeenwele kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza webele.

Kuthetha Ntoni Oku

Ngelixa abaphandi bengakwazi ukuphawula ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yintoni na kwezi mveliso zekhemikhali inokunyusa umngcipheko wabasetyhini kumhlaza webele, bacebisa ukuba abafazi banokufuna ukucinga kwakhona ngokusetyenziswa kwedayi zeenwele ezisisigxina.

"Sichanabeke kwizinto ezininzi ezinokuthi zibe negalelo kumhlaza wamabele, kwaye akunakulindeleka ukuba nayiphi na into ichaze umngcipheko wabasetyhini," watsho umbhali-mbhali uDale Sandler, Ph.D. watsho kwingxelo. "Ngelixa kusekutsha kakhulu ukuba wenze isincomo esiqinileyo, ukunqanda ezi khemikhali kunokuba yinto enye abanokuyenza abafazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele." (Ngaba uyazi ukuba kukho ikhonkco phakathi kokulala kunye nomhlaza webele?)

Kuyavela, esi ayilophononongo lokuqala lokuphakamisa iiflegi ezibomvu malunga nokusetyenziswa kwedayi zeenwele ezisisigxina kunye nolunye unyango lweenwele zekhemikhali. Uphononongo luka-2017 olupapashwe kwijenali yezonyango ICarcinogenesis yajonga kwabasetyhini abangama-4,000 abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-75, kubandakanya nabasetyhini abanomhlaza wamabele kunye nabo bangazange babe nomhlaza wamabele. Abasetyhini banikezela abaphandi ngeenkcukacha malunga nemikhwa yabo yemveliso yeenwele, kubandakanywa nokuba basebenzise idayi yeenwele, iziphumlisi zekhemikhali, iikhemikhali ezilula, kunye ne-deep conditioning creams. Abaphandi baye banika ingxelo yezinye izinto ezifana nembali yempilo yokuzala kunye neyomntu.

Sebenzisa idayi yeenwele ezimnyama-mnyama (emnyama okanye emdaka mnyama) yayanyaniswa nepesenti ezingama-51 yonyusa umngcipheko opheleleyo wokuba nomhlaza webele kubafazi base-Afrika-baseMelika kunye neepesenti ezingama-72 zonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza webele we-estrogen-receptor (uhlobo olukhulayo ekuphenduleni i-hormone estrogen) phakathi kwabasetyhini base-Afrika-baseMelika. Sebenzisa i-chemical relaxers okanye i-straighteners yayanyaniswa neepesenti ezingama-74 zokunyuka komngcipheko phakathi kwabafazi abamhlophe. Ngelixa oku kuvakala kusoyikisa, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ziindidi ezithile kuphela zeemveliso ezifunyenwe zinokuba nefuthe kumngcipheko womhlaza wamabele, kwaye yile nto nje: a kunokwenzeka isiphumo, hayi unobangela nesiphumo esiqinisekisiweyo.

Ngokubanzi, i ICarcinogenesis ababhali bophononongo bagqibe kwelokuba ezona zinto zithathwayo kuphononongo lwabo kukuba ezinye iimveliso zeenwele-kubandakanywa nabasetyhini abanokusebenzisa ekhaya ukuze bazilawule ngokwabo-banobudlelwane nomngcipheko womhlaza wamabele (kwakhona, i-TBD kwiinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zolo budlelwane) kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo le yindawo ekufuneka iphononongwe kuphando oluqhubekayo.

Kwaye ucinga ukuba kukho enye Unyango lwaNgaphakathi lweJAMA Isifundo esifumanise ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zezithambiso-kubandakanya ukubumba, ukukhathalela ulusu kunye neenwele-ziyonyuka, kubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili umzimba wakho.

Ngaba Ufanele Ukhathazeke Kangakanani Ngokwenene?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo azikho kwaphela kwicandelo lasekhohlo. "Ezi ziphumo azothusi," utshilo uMarleen Meyers, MD, umlawuli weNkqubo yokuSinda kwiZiko leCancer lasePermutter le-NYU Langone, ICarcinogenesis kwaye Unyango lwaNgaphakathi lweJAMA izifundo. Ukuvezwa kokusingqongileyo kwiimveliso ezithile bekusoloko kuyinyani ekwandiseni umngcipheko womhlaza, utshilo. Ngokusisiseko, ukuzibeka esichengeni kwiikhemikhali ezaziwa okanye ekurhaneleka ukuba zinomhlaza awukhe ube ngumbono olungileyo. (Kungeso sizathu le nto uninzi lwabasetyhini sele belucingisisile olo nyango luqhelekileyo lwekeratin.) Idayi zeenwele, ngakumbi, zinemichiza emininzi (ngaphezu kwama-5,000 awohlukeneyo asetyenziswayo ngoku, ngokutsho kweZiko loMhlaza leSizwe), ngoko kuyafaneleka ukuba ujonge izithako kuyo nayiphi na idayi okanye iimveliso eziphumlisayo ozisebenzisayo ekhaya, usebenzisa isibonelelo esaziwayo njengeQela eliSebenzayo leSiseko seDlalo okanye iCosmeticsinfo.org.

Okwangoku, iingcali zithi uphando oluninzi luyafuneka ngaphambi kokuba batsho ukuba ngubani osengozini enkulu nokuba abantu mabayeke ukusebenzisa idayi yeenwele ezisisigxina okanye ii-chemical straightener / relaxers. "Ndicinga ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukugxininisa ukuba isifundo esilawulwa ngamatyala (esithetha ukuba isifundo sithelekisa ngokuthe ngcembe abantu abanomhlaza wamabele kunye nabo bangenayo) asinakho ukwenza unobangela nesiphumo," utshilo uMaryam Lustberg, MD, ugqirha webele kwiZiko leCancer eliBanzi kwiYunivesithi yaseOhio State, i-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital kunye neRichard J. Solove Research Institute. Olu phononongo lukwasikelwe umda yinto yokuba baxhomekeke kwiinkumbulo zabathathi-nxaxheba ngonyango kunye neemveliso abazisebenzisileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ayilulo lonke ulwazi abalunikezile oluchanekile. (Ufuna ukuphinda ubeke ikhabhathi yakho yobuhle ngeemveliso ezicocekileyo? Nazi izinto ezisixhenxe zobuhle bendalo ezisebenza ngokwenene.)

Eyona nto ithathayo apha, kubonakala ngathi, kukuba uzama ukulumka malunga nomngcipheko womhlaza wamabele, inokuba luluvo oluhle ukuyeka ukusebenzisa ezi mveliso ukuze ube noxolo lwengqondo. Kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abukho ubungqina obaneleyo bokuba wenakufuneka yeka ukuzisebenzisa.

Ngaphezu koko, kukho ezinye izinto onokugxila kuzo ukuba unenkxalabo ngomhlaza. “Siyazi ukuba kuninzi okunokwenziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele neminye imihlaza, kuquka ukuba nomlinganiselo ophilileyo womzimba, ukwenza umthambo rhoqo, ukuphepha ukutshiswa lilanga, ukunciphisa utywala, nokuyeka ukutshaya,” utsho uGqr. Meyers.

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